Solid Phase Synthesis of Anhydrous Zinc Borate from Zinc and Boron Oxide and Utilization as a Flame Retardant in Dye and Textile
Öz
Durability of materials to flame and stability at high temperatures are very important in order to increase the field of use. Non-flammability is not the only requirement materials should not have toxic gas products during the burning, also. Anhydrous zinc borate was chosen as flame retardant due to its advantages, such as; light weight, high melting point, low thermal expansion, and intrinsic smoke suppressant and corrosion resistance properties. For the synthesis, metallic zinc and anhydrous boron oxide powders were mixed in the attritor working at 600 rpm. Powder product was sintered at atmospheric conditions according to the phase change temperature determined by TGA-DSC analyses. Synthesized zinc borate was grinned up to nanometer size by Spex type grinder. Zinc borate was doped in binder to decrease the flammability. The properties of the produced materials were determined and compared by LOI, TGA-DSC, SEM and oven according to the zinc borate ingredients.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Mangovska B., Burevski D., Petrov G. “Mechanism of dye diffusion in polyester yarns treated in mixtures of solvents”, UDC: 677. 027: 677. 494. 7, Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.
- Ayrılmış N., Akbulut T., Dundar T., White R.H., Mengeloglu F., Buyuksari U., Candan Z., Avci E. “Effect of boron and phosphate compounds on physical, mechanical, and fire properties of wood– polypropylene composites”, Construction and Building Materials, 33, 63-69 (2012).
- Kind D.J., Hull T.R. “A review of candidate fire retardants for polyisoprene”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 97, 201-213 (2012).
- Kaynak C., Isitman N.A. “Synergistic fire retardancy of colemanite, a natural hydrated calcium borate, in high-impact polystyrene containing brominated epoxy and antimony oxide”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 96, 798-807 (2011).
- Gürü M., Ayar B., Çakanyıldırım Ç., Bilen M. “Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Borate Pigment Resistant to Corrosion and Stable at High Temperatures”, Proceedings of 17th Int. Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, 27-31 August, Praha-Czech Republic, Process Eng. Pub. Ing. Jn Novasad Krohova 75/2212 Praha 6, Czech Republic; p.1.199 (2006).
- Giudice C.A., Benitez J.C. “Zinc borates as flame- retardant pigments in chlorine-containing coatings”, Prog. Org. Coat., 42, 82-88 (2001). [7] Mosner “Anticorrosion properties of SrO-ZnO-B2O3-P2O5 pigments”, Dyes and Pigm., 45, 29-34 (2000). L.
- Bourbigot S., Bras M.L., Leeuwendal R., Shen K.K., Schubert D. “Recent advances in the use of zinc borates in flame retardancy of EVA”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 64, 419-425 (1999).
- Kobayashi Y., Tokoro Y., Watatani K. “Preparation of functionalized zinc borates and their coupling reaction with allylic acetates”, Tetrahedron Lett., 39, 7537-7540 (1998). [10] Kobayashi Y., Watatani “Development of zinc borates designed for functionalized hard nucleophiles in the coupling reaction K., Tetrahedron Lett., 39, 7533-7536 (1998). Y. with alcohol derivatives”,
- Basfar A.A. “Flammability of radiation cross-linked low density polyethylene as an insulating material for wire and cable”, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 63, 505- 508 (2002).
- Weil E.D., Patel N.G. “Iron compounds in non- halogen Polym. Degrad. Stab., 82, 291-296 (2003). polyamide systems”,
- Sain M., Park S.H., Suhara F., Law S. “Flame retardant and mechanical properties of natural fibre– PP composites containing magnesium hydroxide”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 83, 363-367 (2004).
- Garba B. “Effect of zinc borate as flame retardant formulation on some tropical woods”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 64, 517-522 (1999).
- Bakbak S., Bhatia V.K., Incarvito C.D., Rheingold A.L., Rabinovich D. “Synthesis and characterization of two new bulky tris(mercaptoimidazolyl)borate ligands and their zinc and cadmium complexes”, Polyhedron, 20, 3343-3348 (2001).
- Abd El Aal E.E. “Factors affecting the anodic behaviour of zinc electrode in borate solutions”, Corros. Sci., 48, 343-360 (2006).
- Gürü M., Tekeli S., Çakanyıldırım Ç., Cabbar C. “Processing of Cer-Met Composite Material from Zn and B2O3”, High Temp. Mater. Processes, 27, 243-248 (2008).
Yıl 2014,
Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 987 - 991, 30.01.2014
Öz
Kaynakça
- Mangovska B., Burevski D., Petrov G. “Mechanism of dye diffusion in polyester yarns treated in mixtures of solvents”, UDC: 677. 027: 677. 494. 7, Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.
- Ayrılmış N., Akbulut T., Dundar T., White R.H., Mengeloglu F., Buyuksari U., Candan Z., Avci E. “Effect of boron and phosphate compounds on physical, mechanical, and fire properties of wood– polypropylene composites”, Construction and Building Materials, 33, 63-69 (2012).
- Kind D.J., Hull T.R. “A review of candidate fire retardants for polyisoprene”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 97, 201-213 (2012).
- Kaynak C., Isitman N.A. “Synergistic fire retardancy of colemanite, a natural hydrated calcium borate, in high-impact polystyrene containing brominated epoxy and antimony oxide”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 96, 798-807 (2011).
- Gürü M., Ayar B., Çakanyıldırım Ç., Bilen M. “Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Borate Pigment Resistant to Corrosion and Stable at High Temperatures”, Proceedings of 17th Int. Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, 27-31 August, Praha-Czech Republic, Process Eng. Pub. Ing. Jn Novasad Krohova 75/2212 Praha 6, Czech Republic; p.1.199 (2006).
- Giudice C.A., Benitez J.C. “Zinc borates as flame- retardant pigments in chlorine-containing coatings”, Prog. Org. Coat., 42, 82-88 (2001). [7] Mosner “Anticorrosion properties of SrO-ZnO-B2O3-P2O5 pigments”, Dyes and Pigm., 45, 29-34 (2000). L.
- Bourbigot S., Bras M.L., Leeuwendal R., Shen K.K., Schubert D. “Recent advances in the use of zinc borates in flame retardancy of EVA”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 64, 419-425 (1999).
- Kobayashi Y., Tokoro Y., Watatani K. “Preparation of functionalized zinc borates and their coupling reaction with allylic acetates”, Tetrahedron Lett., 39, 7537-7540 (1998). [10] Kobayashi Y., Watatani “Development of zinc borates designed for functionalized hard nucleophiles in the coupling reaction K., Tetrahedron Lett., 39, 7533-7536 (1998). Y. with alcohol derivatives”,
- Basfar A.A. “Flammability of radiation cross-linked low density polyethylene as an insulating material for wire and cable”, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 63, 505- 508 (2002).
- Weil E.D., Patel N.G. “Iron compounds in non- halogen Polym. Degrad. Stab., 82, 291-296 (2003). polyamide systems”,
- Sain M., Park S.H., Suhara F., Law S. “Flame retardant and mechanical properties of natural fibre– PP composites containing magnesium hydroxide”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 83, 363-367 (2004).
- Garba B. “Effect of zinc borate as flame retardant formulation on some tropical woods”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 64, 517-522 (1999).
- Bakbak S., Bhatia V.K., Incarvito C.D., Rheingold A.L., Rabinovich D. “Synthesis and characterization of two new bulky tris(mercaptoimidazolyl)borate ligands and their zinc and cadmium complexes”, Polyhedron, 20, 3343-3348 (2001).
- Abd El Aal E.E. “Factors affecting the anodic behaviour of zinc electrode in borate solutions”, Corros. Sci., 48, 343-360 (2006).
- Gürü M., Tekeli S., Çakanyıldırım Ç., Cabbar C. “Processing of Cer-Met Composite Material from Zn and B2O3”, High Temp. Mater. Processes, 27, 243-248 (2008).
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Chemical Engineering |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Ocak 2014 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2014 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3 |