Öz
Toxoplasma gondii tüm dünyada yaygın olarak bulunan çok çeşitli klinik tablolara neden olabilen bir protozoondur. Özellikle immün yanıtı baskılanmış olanlarda re-aktivasyonlara bağlı olarak mortaliteye neden olan bir paraziter hastalıktır. Çalışmamızda aktif toksoplazmoz tanısı almış kedilerde, immün sistemi baskılayan Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) ve Feline immundeficiency virus (FIV) varlığı araştırılmış ve bu olguların tedavi öncesi ve sonrasındaki klinik ve laboratuvar bulgularının değişimini saptamaya yönelik bir kohort çalışma yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla iki grup (grup I ve II) oluşturuldu. Grup I klinik toksoplazmoz tanısı almış 11 kediden oluştu. Sağlıklı seronegatif kediler (n=15) ise kontrol grubuna (grup II) dahil edildi. Toksoplazmozun tanısı; klinik bulguların varlığına, serolojik olarak Toxoplasma gondii IgG titrasyonundaki en az 4 kat artışa ve ayrıca seropozitif olduğu belirlenen kedilere uygulanan anti paraziter klindamisin hidroklorid kemoproflaksisine olumlu yanıt alınmasına dayandırılarak yapıldı. Hastaların hemogram sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde; olguların eritrosit, lökosit, hemoglobin ve hematokrit seviyelerinde gruplar arası belirgin farklılık saptandı (sırasıyla P=0.05, P<0.001, P<0.05, P<0.01). Grup I’e ait ortalama lökosit sayısı 37985 µL olarak bulundu. Klindamisin tedavisinin 14. gününde, grup I’ e ait kedilerden kan alınarak total kan sayımı ve serum biyokimyasal analizler yapıldı. Tedavi sonrası, lökosit (P<0.05) ve trombosit (P<0.05) değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptandı. Grup I’deki tüm kediler FeLV ve FIV yönünden FIV Ab/FeLV Ag Antigen test ile negatif olarak saptandı. Sonuç olarak; toksoplazmozise ait şiddetli klinik bulguların varlığı FIV, FeLV yokluğunda sanıldığından daha sık ortaya çıktığı ve dirençli ve şiddetli lökositozun kedilerin aktif toksoplazmozu için diagnostik açıdan faydasını araştıracak başka çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu kanısına varıldı.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Berdoy M, Webster JP, Macdonald DW, 2000: Fatal attraction in rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Proc Biol Sci, 267, 1591-1594.
- Davidson MG, English RV, 1998: Feline ocular toxoplasmosis. Vet Ophtamol, 1, 71-80.
- Davidson MG, Rottman JB, English RV, Lappin MR, Tompkins MB, 1993: Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Predisposes Cats to Acute Generalized Toxoplasmosis. Am J Pathol, 143, 1486-1497.
- Dubey JP, Carpenter JL, 1993: Histologically confirmed clinical toxoplasmosis in cats: 100 cases (1952-1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 203, 1556-1566.
- Dubey JP, Frenkel JK, 1974: Immunity to feline toxoplasmosis: modification by administration of corticosteroids. Vet Pathol, 11, 350-379.
- Dubey JP, Lappin MR, 2006: Toxoplasmosis and Neosporosis. In “Infectious Disease of The Dog and Cat” Ed; Greene CE, St Louis, USA: Saunders, p.754.
- Dubey JP, 1994: Toxoplasmosis. JAVMA, 205, 1593-1598.
- Fortney WD, 2004: Geriatrics and Aging. In “Geriatrics and Gerontology of the Dog and Cat” Ed; Hoskins JD, Saunders, Missouri, USA, pp.1-4.
- Hsu V, Grant DC, Zajac AM, Witonsky SG, Lindsay DS, 2011: Prevalence of IgG antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Toxoplasma gondii in cats with and without chronic kidney disease from Virginia. Vet Parasitol,176, 23-26.
- Javadi S, Asri Rezaci S, Tajik H, Hadian M, Shokouhi F, 2010: Haemotological changes of cats with Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies. Comp Clin Pathol,19, 307-310.
- Lappin MR, Greene CE, Winston S, Toll SL, Epstein ME, 1989: Clinical toxoplasmosis: serologic diagnosis and therapeutic management of 15 cases. J Vet Med, 3, 139-143.
- Lappin MR, 2009: Protozoal and miscellaneous infections. In “Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine 6th ed.” Ed; Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, Saunders, St Louis, USA, pp. 639-642.
- Lappin MR, 2009: Toxoplasmosis. In “Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy 14th ed” Ed; Bonagura JD, Saunders, St Louis, USA, pp.1254-1259.
- Muray HW, 1991: Toxoplasmosis. In “Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine” Ed; Wilson JD, Braunwald E, Isselbacker KJ, Mc Graw-Hill, New York, USA, p.795.
- O’Neil SA, Lappin MR, Reif JS, 1991: Clinical and epidemiological aspects of feline immunoeficiency virus and Toxoplasma gondii coinfections in cats. JAAHA, 27, 211-220.
- Parker GA, Lanoloss JM, Dubey JP, Hoover A, 1981: Pathogenesis of acute toxoplasmosis in spesific-pathogen-free cats. Vet Pathol, 18, 786-803.
- Tutuncu M, Akkan HA, Karaca M, Ağaoğlu Z, Berktaş M, 2003: Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Van cats in Turkey. Indıan Vet J, 80, 730-732.
- Webster JP, 2007: The Effect of Toxoplasma gondii on animal behavior: playing cat and mouse. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33(3), 752–756.
- Zimmerman LE, 1961: Ocular pathology of toxoplasmosis. Surv Ophthalmol, 6, 832-867.
Öz
Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause a variety of symptoms, is a protozoan widely distributed around the world. Due to a suppressed immune response, reactivation of this disease can cause mortality. We designed a cohort study for the alterations in clinical course, laboratory findings, and presence of FeLV and FIV. We created two groups (Groups I and II). Group I contained 11 cats diagnosed with clinical toxoplasmosis. Group II included 15 healthy seronegative cats. We based our diagnosis of toxoplasmosis on the presence of the following clinical signs: a fourfold increase in immunoglobulin G for Toxoplasma gondii, presence of clinical signs, differential diagnosis of other causes and positive response to treatment with clindamycin hydrochloride. We found significant differences in erythrocyte, leukocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels between the groups (respectively P = 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The mean leukocyte counts of Group I was 37985 µL. After treatment, we determined significant differences in leukocyte (P < 0.05) and trombocyte (P < 0.05). Although all cats in Group I were found negative for FeLV and FIV, six cats had other disorders. As a result, we concluded that severe clinical signs might occur in the absence of FIV and FeLV more frequently than previously thought. Further research must be performed on the diagnostic utility of resistant and severe leukocytosis in clinical toxoplasmosis.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Berdoy M, Webster JP, Macdonald DW, 2000: Fatal attraction in rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Proc Biol Sci, 267, 1591-1594.
- Davidson MG, English RV, 1998: Feline ocular toxoplasmosis. Vet Ophtamol, 1, 71-80.
- Davidson MG, Rottman JB, English RV, Lappin MR, Tompkins MB, 1993: Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Predisposes Cats to Acute Generalized Toxoplasmosis. Am J Pathol, 143, 1486-1497.
- Dubey JP, Carpenter JL, 1993: Histologically confirmed clinical toxoplasmosis in cats: 100 cases (1952-1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 203, 1556-1566.
- Dubey JP, Frenkel JK, 1974: Immunity to feline toxoplasmosis: modification by administration of corticosteroids. Vet Pathol, 11, 350-379.
- Dubey JP, Lappin MR, 2006: Toxoplasmosis and Neosporosis. In “Infectious Disease of The Dog and Cat” Ed; Greene CE, St Louis, USA: Saunders, p.754.
- Dubey JP, 1994: Toxoplasmosis. JAVMA, 205, 1593-1598.
- Fortney WD, 2004: Geriatrics and Aging. In “Geriatrics and Gerontology of the Dog and Cat” Ed; Hoskins JD, Saunders, Missouri, USA, pp.1-4.
- Hsu V, Grant DC, Zajac AM, Witonsky SG, Lindsay DS, 2011: Prevalence of IgG antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Toxoplasma gondii in cats with and without chronic kidney disease from Virginia. Vet Parasitol,176, 23-26.
- Javadi S, Asri Rezaci S, Tajik H, Hadian M, Shokouhi F, 2010: Haemotological changes of cats with Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies. Comp Clin Pathol,19, 307-310.
- Lappin MR, Greene CE, Winston S, Toll SL, Epstein ME, 1989: Clinical toxoplasmosis: serologic diagnosis and therapeutic management of 15 cases. J Vet Med, 3, 139-143.
- Lappin MR, 2009: Protozoal and miscellaneous infections. In “Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine 6th ed.” Ed; Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, Saunders, St Louis, USA, pp. 639-642.
- Lappin MR, 2009: Toxoplasmosis. In “Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy 14th ed” Ed; Bonagura JD, Saunders, St Louis, USA, pp.1254-1259.
- Muray HW, 1991: Toxoplasmosis. In “Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine” Ed; Wilson JD, Braunwald E, Isselbacker KJ, Mc Graw-Hill, New York, USA, p.795.
- O’Neil SA, Lappin MR, Reif JS, 1991: Clinical and epidemiological aspects of feline immunoeficiency virus and Toxoplasma gondii coinfections in cats. JAAHA, 27, 211-220.
- Parker GA, Lanoloss JM, Dubey JP, Hoover A, 1981: Pathogenesis of acute toxoplasmosis in spesific-pathogen-free cats. Vet Pathol, 18, 786-803.
- Tutuncu M, Akkan HA, Karaca M, Ağaoğlu Z, Berktaş M, 2003: Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Van cats in Turkey. Indıan Vet J, 80, 730-732.
- Webster JP, 2007: The Effect of Toxoplasma gondii on animal behavior: playing cat and mouse. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33(3), 752–756.
- Zimmerman LE, 1961: Ocular pathology of toxoplasmosis. Surv Ophthalmol, 6, 832-867.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Araştıma |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Aralık 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Ocak 2019 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 16 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2 |
