ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE PROBİYOTİKLER

Özge Bektaş

Derleme

PROBIOTICS IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 116 - 123, 25.08.2022

Özge Bektaş

Öz

The use of probiotic products containing live bacteria and proven health benefits is increasing today. In particular, the development of resistance of some pathogens to antibiotics brought up the need to consider shifting the treatment paradigm from specific bacterial elimination to changing bacterial ecology with probiotics, and the concept of "bacteriotherapy" emerged. Probiotics are dietary supplements that contain potentially beneficial microorganisms that help suppress disease-causing pathogens. Generally; probiotics have been associated with gut health, and these products are widely used for the prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal infections and diseases. However, in recent years, researchers have focused on various studies on the effects of probiotics on oral health. Although direct recommendations on the use of probiotics from the point of view of clinical practitioners have not yet been given, the scientific evidence to date suggests that probiotic therapy may be considered as an alternative approach in the field of dentistry in the future. The aim of this review is to examine the potential mechanisms of probiotic bacteria in the oral cavity, to evaluate the effects of probiotics on oral health, and to summarize the various applications of probiotic-containing products in the field of dentistry.

Anahtar Kelimeler

probiotics, oral health, dentistry

Kaynakça

1. Cortizo, F. Probiotics And Health: A New Emerging Modality In Bio-Therapeutics. Annals of Dentistry University of Malaya 1999; 6(1), 47-51.
2. FAO/WHO. Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food. 2002, 1-11.
3. Schrezenmeir, J., & de Vrese, M. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics—approaching a definition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2001; 73(2), 361-364.
4. Parkes, G. C. An Overview of Probiotics and Prebiotics. Nursing Standard (through 2013), 21(20), 43.
5. Serger O, Bifidobakterium bifidum DN–173 010 içeren probiyotik meyveli yoğurt tüketen çocuklarda dental plak ve tükürükteki ağız-diş sağlığı ile ilgili bakterilerin araştırılması, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul: Yeditepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2010.
6. Fijan, S. Microorganisms with Claimed Probiotic Properties: An Overview of Recent Literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2014; 11(5), 4745-4767.
7. Amara, A. A., & Shibl, A. Role of Probiotics in Health Improvement, Infection Control and Disease Treatment and Management. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 2015; 23(2), 107-114.
8. Serinçay H. Tıpta Uzmanlık Eğitimi Alan Hekimlerin Probiyotikler ile İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Tutumları. Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi, Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Aile Hekimliği Ana Bilim Dalı, 2021.
9. Boyle, R. J., Robins-Browne, R. M., & Tang, M. L. Probiotic Use in Clinical Practice: What are the Risks?. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006; 83(6), 1256-1264.
10. Çakir, I., & ÇAKMAKÇI, M. L. Probiyotikler: Tanımı, Etki Mekanizması, Seçim ve Güvenilirlik Kriterleri. GIDA, 2004; 29(6), 427-434.
11. Ahrne, S., Nobaek, S., Jeppsson, B., Adlerberth, I., Wold, A. E., & Molin, G. The Normal Lactobacillus Flora of Healthy Human Rectal and Oral Mucosa. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 1998; 85(1), 88-94.
12. McGroarty, J. A., Tomeczek, L., Pond, D. G., Reid, G., & Bruce, A. W. Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Lactobacillus Species: Correlation with Susceptibility to the Spermicidal Compound Nonoxynol-9. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1992; 165(6), 1142-1144.
13. Kanatani, K., Oshimura, M., & Sano, K. Isolation and Characterization of Acidocin A and Cloning of the Bacteriocin Gene from Lactobacillus Acidophilus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1995; 61(3), 1061-1067.
14. S Hashem, Z., & S Hashem, A. An in vitro study on the antifungal and antibiofilm activities of probiotic bacteria against Candida species isolated from orthodontic appliances and dental caries. Novel Research in Microbiology Journal, 2021; 5(2), 1176-1193.
15. Cui, Hai-Hong, et al. "Effects of probiotic on intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis." World Journal of Gastroenterology, (2004); 10(10), 1521.
16. López-Moreno, A., & Aguilera, M. Vaginal probiotics for reproductive health and related dysbiosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of clinical medicine, 2021; 10(7), 1461.
17. Erickson, K. L., & Hubbard, N. E. Probiotic immunomodulation in health and disease. The Journal of nutrition, 2000; 130(2), 403-409.
18. Gungor, O. E., Kirzioglu, Z., & Kivanc, M. Probiotics: can they be used to improve oral health?. Beneficial microbes, 2015; 6(5), 647-656.
19. Bonifait, L., Chandad, F., & Grenier, D. Probiotics for oral health: myth or reality?. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association, 2009; 75(8).
20. Ribeiro, F. C., et al. "Action mechanisms of probiotics on Candida spp. and candidiasis prevention: an update." Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020; 129(2), 175-185.
21. Twetman, S., & Stecksén‐Blicks, C. Probiotics and oral health effects in children. International journal of paediatric dentistry, 2008; 18(1), 3-10.
22. Pujia, A. M., et al. "The probiotics in dentistry: a narrative review." Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci, 2017; 21, 1405-1412.
23. Wade, W. G. The human oral microbiome. Journal of bacteriology, 2010; 192(19).
24. Allaker, R. P., & Ian Douglas, C. W. Non-conventional therapeutics for oral infections. Virulence, 2015; 6(3), 196-207.
25. Lin, T. H., Lin, C. H., & Pan, T. M. The implication of probiotics in the prevention of dental caries. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2018; 102(2), 577-586.
26. Seminario-Amez, M., López-López, J., Estrugo-Devesa, A., Ayuso-Montero, R., & Jané-Salas, E. Probiotics and oral health: A systematic review. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal, 2017; 22(3), e282.
27. Hasan, N., & Yang, H. Factors affecting the composition of the gut microbiota, and its modulation. PeerJ, 2019; 7, e7502.
28. Manji, F., Dahlen, G., & Fejerskov, O. Caries and periodontitis: contesting the conventional wisdom on their aetiology. Caries Research, 2018; 52(6), 548-564.
29. Keijser, B. J. F., et al. "Pyrosequencing analysis of the oral microflora of healthy adults." Journal of dental research, 2008; 87(11), 1016-1020.
30. Xu, Xin, et al. "Oral cavity contains distinct niches with dynamic microbial communities." Environmental microbiology, 2015; 17(3), 699-710.
31. Aas, Jørn A., et al. "Bacteria of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children and young adults." Journal of clinical microbiology, 2008; 46(4), 1407-1417.
32. Xiao, Jin, et al. "Candida albicans carriage in children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and maternal relatedness." PloS one, 2016; 11(10), e0164242.
33. Pereira, D. F. A., Seneviratne, C. J., Koga‐Ito, C. Y., & Samaranayake, L. P. Is the oral fungal pathogen Candida albicans a cariogen?. Oral diseases, 2018; 24(4), 518-526.
34. Caufield, P. W., Schön, C. N., Saraithong, P., Li, Y., & Argimón, S. Oral lactobacilli and dental caries: a model for niche adaptation in humans. Journal of dental research, 2015; 94(9), 110-118.
35. Sharda, S., Gupta, A., Goyal, A., & Gauba, K. Remineralization potential and caries preventive efficacy of CPP-ACP/Xylitol/Ozone/Bioactive glass and topical fluoride combined therapy versus fluoride mono-therapy–a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021; 79(6), 402-417.
36. Alharith D, Alhokair R, Zakri N, Alshaqha N, Almutairi M, Alamri M. An overview of probiotic use in dentistry: a literature review. Int J Med Dev Ctries. 2021; 5(1),341-346.
37. Hedayati-Hajikand, T., Lundberg, U., Eldh, C., & Twetman, S. Effect of probiotic chewing tablets on early childhood caries–a randomized controlled trial. BMC oral health, 2015; 15(1), 1-5.
38. Comelli, E. M., Guggenheim, B., Stingele, F., & Neeser, J. R. Selection of dairy bacterial strains as probiotics for oral health. European journal of oral sciences, 2002; 110(3), 218-224.
39. Nikawa H et al. Lactobacillus reuteri in bovine milk fermented decreases the oral carriage of mutans streptococci. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004; 95(2), 219-223.
40. Jose JE, Padmanabhan S, Chitharanjan AB. Systemic consumption of probiotic curd and use of probiotic toothpaste to reduce Streptococcus mutans in plaque around orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2013; 144(1), 67-72.
41. Nase L et al. Effect of Long-Term Consumption of a Probiotic Bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in Milk on Dental Caries and Caries Risk in Children. Caries Res. 2001; 35(6), 412-420.
42. Reddy JJ, Sampathkumar N, Aradhya S. Probiotics in dentistry: review of the current status. Rev clín pesq odontol. 2010; 6(3), 261-267.
43. Teanpaisan R, Piwat S, Dahlén G. Inhibitory effect of oral Lactobacillus against oral pathogens. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2011; 53(4), 452-459.
44. Glavina D, Gorseta K, Skrinjarić I, Vranić DN, Mehulić K, Kozul K. Effect of LGG yoghurt on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. salivary counts in children. Coll Antropol. 2012; 36(1), 129-132.
45. Califano J V et al. Periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. Pediatr Dent. 2009; 31(6), 255-262.
46. Position paper: periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. Journal of Periodontology, 2003; 74(11), 1696-1704.
47. Gafan GP, Lucas VS, Roberts GJ, Petrie A, Wilson M, Spratt DA. Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in dental plaque of children. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42(9), 4141-4146.
48. Portela MB, Souza IPR, Costa EMMB, Hagler AN, Soares RMA, Santos ALS. Differential recovery of Candida species from subgingival sites in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and healthy children from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42(12), 5925-5927.
49. Nguyen T, Brody H, Radaic A, Kapila Y. Probiotics for periodontal health—Current molecular findings. Periodontol 2000. 2021; 87(1), 254-267.
50. Zhao JJ, Feng XP, Zhang XL, Le KY. Effect of porphyromonas gingivalis and lactobacillus acidophilus on secretion of IL1B, IL6, and IL8 by gingival epithelial cells. Inflammation. 2012; 35(4), 1330-1337.
51. Stamatova I, Meurman JH. Probiotics: Health benefits in the mouth. Am J Dent. 2009; 22(6), 329-338.
52. Mayanagi G et al. Probiotic effects of orally administered Lactobacillus salivarius WB21-containing tablets on periodontopathic bacteria: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2009; 36(6), 506-513.
53. Twetman S, Derawi B, Keller M, Ekstrand K, Yucel-Lindberg T, Stecksén-Blicks C. Short-term effect of chewing gums containing probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri on the levels of inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid. Acta Odontol Scand. 2009; 67(1), 19-24.
54. Iniesta M, Herrera D, Montero E, et al. Probiotic effects of orally administered Lactobacillus reuteri-containing tablets on the subgingival and salivary microbiota in patients with gingivitis. A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2012; 39(8), 736-744.
55. Mogilnicka I, Bogucki P, Ufnal M. Microbiota and Malodor — Etiology and Management. Published online 2020:1-21.
56. Hampelska K, Jaworska MM, Babalska ZŁ, Karpiński TM. The Role of Oral Microbiota in Intra-Oral Halitosis. J Clin Med. 2020; 9(8), 2484.
57. Bollen CML, Beikler T. Halitosis: the multidisciplinary approach. Int J Oral Sci. 2012; 4(2), 55-63.
58. Kazor CE, Mitchell PM, Lee AM, et al. Diversity of bacterial populations on the tongue dorsa of patients with halitosis and healthy patients. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41(2), 558-563.
59. Di Pierro F. A possible probiotic (S. salivarius K12) approach to improve oral and lung microbiotas and raise defenses against SAR S-CoV-2. Minerva Med. 2020; 11(31), 281-283.
60. Hyink O, Wescombe PA, Upton M, Ragland N, Burton JP, Tagg JR. Salivaricin A2 and the novel lantibiotic salivaricin B are encoded at adjacent loci on a 190-kilobase transmissible megaplasmid in the oral probiotic strain Streptococcus salivanus K12. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007; 73(4), 1107-1113.
61. Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Moore CJ, Speiser G, Tagg JR. A preliminary study of the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on oral malodour parameters. J Appl Microbiol. 2006; 100(4), 754-764.
62. Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Tagg JR. The rationale and potential for the reduction of oral malodour using Streptococcus salivarius probiotics. Oral Dis. 2005; 11(1), 29-31.
63. Kang M-S, Kim B-G, Chung J, Lee H-C OJ-S. Inhibitory effect of Weissella cibaria isolates on the production of volatile sulphur compounds. . J Clin Periodontol. 2006; 33, 226-232.
64. Iwamoto T, Suzuki N, Tanabe K, Takeshita T, Hirofuji T. Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 on halitosis and oral health: An open-label pilot trial. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology. 2010; 110(2), 201-208.
65. Suzuki N et al. Lactobacillus salivarius WB21-containing tablets for the treatment of oral malodor: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014; 117(4), 462-470.
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ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE PROBİYOTİKLER

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 116 - 123, 25.08.2022

Özge Bektaş

Öz

Canlı bakteri içeren ve sağlığa faydaları kanıtlanmış probiyotik ürünlerin kullanımı günümüzde artmaktadır. Özellikle bazı patojenlerin antibiyotiklere karşı direnç geliştirmesi, tedavi paradigmasını spesifik bakteri eliminasyonundan probiyotiklerle bakteri ekolojisini değiştirmeye kaydırmanın düşünülmesini gerektiğini gündeme getirmiş ve “bakteriyoterapi” kavramı ortaya çıkmştır. Probiyotikler, potansiyel olarak faydalı mikroorganizmaları içeren, hastalıklara neden olan patojenleri baskılamaya yardımcı olan diyet takviyeleridir. Genel olarak; probiyotikler bağırsak sağlığı ile ilişkilendirilmiş olup bu ürünlerin gastrointestinal enfeksiyon ve hastalıkların önlenmesi veya tedavisi için kullanımları yaygındır. Bununla birlikte, son yıllarda araştırmacılar probiyotiklerin ağız sağlığına etkilerine yönelik çeşitli çalışmalara odaklanmaktadır. Klinik pratisyenlerin bakış açısından, probiyotiklerin kullanımına ilişkin doğrudan öneriler henüz verilemese de bugüne kadar bilimsel kanıtlar, probiyotik tedavinin gelecekte diş hekimliği alanında da alternatif bir yaklaşım olarak değerlendirilebileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, probiyotik bakterilerin ağız boşluğundaki potansiyel mekanizmalarını incelemek, probiyotiklerin ağız sağlığna etkilerini değerlendirmek ve probiyotik içerikli ürünlerin diş hekimliği alanındaki çeşitli uygulamalarını özetlemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

probiyotikler, ağız sağlığı, diş hekimliği

Kaynakça

1. Cortizo, F. Probiotics And Health: A New Emerging Modality In Bio-Therapeutics. Annals of Dentistry University of Malaya 1999; 6(1), 47-51.
2. FAO/WHO. Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food. 2002, 1-11.
3. Schrezenmeir, J., & de Vrese, M. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics—approaching a definition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2001; 73(2), 361-364.
4. Parkes, G. C. An Overview of Probiotics and Prebiotics. Nursing Standard (through 2013), 21(20), 43.
5. Serger O, Bifidobakterium bifidum DN–173 010 içeren probiyotik meyveli yoğurt tüketen çocuklarda dental plak ve tükürükteki ağız-diş sağlığı ile ilgili bakterilerin araştırılması, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul: Yeditepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2010.
6. Fijan, S. Microorganisms with Claimed Probiotic Properties: An Overview of Recent Literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2014; 11(5), 4745-4767.
7. Amara, A. A., & Shibl, A. Role of Probiotics in Health Improvement, Infection Control and Disease Treatment and Management. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 2015; 23(2), 107-114.
8. Serinçay H. Tıpta Uzmanlık Eğitimi Alan Hekimlerin Probiyotikler ile İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Tutumları. Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi, Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Aile Hekimliği Ana Bilim Dalı, 2021.
9. Boyle, R. J., Robins-Browne, R. M., & Tang, M. L. Probiotic Use in Clinical Practice: What are the Risks?. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006; 83(6), 1256-1264.
10. Çakir, I., & ÇAKMAKÇI, M. L. Probiyotikler: Tanımı, Etki Mekanizması, Seçim ve Güvenilirlik Kriterleri. GIDA, 2004; 29(6), 427-434.
11. Ahrne, S., Nobaek, S., Jeppsson, B., Adlerberth, I., Wold, A. E., & Molin, G. The Normal Lactobacillus Flora of Healthy Human Rectal and Oral Mucosa. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 1998; 85(1), 88-94.
12. McGroarty, J. A., Tomeczek, L., Pond, D. G., Reid, G., & Bruce, A. W. Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Lactobacillus Species: Correlation with Susceptibility to the Spermicidal Compound Nonoxynol-9. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1992; 165(6), 1142-1144.
13. Kanatani, K., Oshimura, M., & Sano, K. Isolation and Characterization of Acidocin A and Cloning of the Bacteriocin Gene from Lactobacillus Acidophilus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1995; 61(3), 1061-1067.
14. S Hashem, Z., & S Hashem, A. An in vitro study on the antifungal and antibiofilm activities of probiotic bacteria against Candida species isolated from orthodontic appliances and dental caries. Novel Research in Microbiology Journal, 2021; 5(2), 1176-1193.
15. Cui, Hai-Hong, et al. "Effects of probiotic on intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis." World Journal of Gastroenterology, (2004); 10(10), 1521.
16. López-Moreno, A., & Aguilera, M. Vaginal probiotics for reproductive health and related dysbiosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of clinical medicine, 2021; 10(7), 1461.
17. Erickson, K. L., & Hubbard, N. E. Probiotic immunomodulation in health and disease. The Journal of nutrition, 2000; 130(2), 403-409.
18. Gungor, O. E., Kirzioglu, Z., & Kivanc, M. Probiotics: can they be used to improve oral health?. Beneficial microbes, 2015; 6(5), 647-656.
19. Bonifait, L., Chandad, F., & Grenier, D. Probiotics for oral health: myth or reality?. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association, 2009; 75(8).
20. Ribeiro, F. C., et al. "Action mechanisms of probiotics on Candida spp. and candidiasis prevention: an update." Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020; 129(2), 175-185.
21. Twetman, S., & Stecksén‐Blicks, C. Probiotics and oral health effects in children. International journal of paediatric dentistry, 2008; 18(1), 3-10.
22. Pujia, A. M., et al. "The probiotics in dentistry: a narrative review." Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci, 2017; 21, 1405-1412.
23. Wade, W. G. The human oral microbiome. Journal of bacteriology, 2010; 192(19).
24. Allaker, R. P., & Ian Douglas, C. W. Non-conventional therapeutics for oral infections. Virulence, 2015; 6(3), 196-207.
25. Lin, T. H., Lin, C. H., & Pan, T. M. The implication of probiotics in the prevention of dental caries. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2018; 102(2), 577-586.
26. Seminario-Amez, M., López-López, J., Estrugo-Devesa, A., Ayuso-Montero, R., & Jané-Salas, E. Probiotics and oral health: A systematic review. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal, 2017; 22(3), e282.
27. Hasan, N., & Yang, H. Factors affecting the composition of the gut microbiota, and its modulation. PeerJ, 2019; 7, e7502.
28. Manji, F., Dahlen, G., & Fejerskov, O. Caries and periodontitis: contesting the conventional wisdom on their aetiology. Caries Research, 2018; 52(6), 548-564.
29. Keijser, B. J. F., et al. "Pyrosequencing analysis of the oral microflora of healthy adults." Journal of dental research, 2008; 87(11), 1016-1020.
30. Xu, Xin, et al. "Oral cavity contains distinct niches with dynamic microbial communities." Environmental microbiology, 2015; 17(3), 699-710.
31. Aas, Jørn A., et al. "Bacteria of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children and young adults." Journal of clinical microbiology, 2008; 46(4), 1407-1417.
32. Xiao, Jin, et al. "Candida albicans carriage in children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and maternal relatedness." PloS one, 2016; 11(10), e0164242.
33. Pereira, D. F. A., Seneviratne, C. J., Koga‐Ito, C. Y., & Samaranayake, L. P. Is the oral fungal pathogen Candida albicans a cariogen?. Oral diseases, 2018; 24(4), 518-526.
34. Caufield, P. W., Schön, C. N., Saraithong, P., Li, Y., & Argimón, S. Oral lactobacilli and dental caries: a model for niche adaptation in humans. Journal of dental research, 2015; 94(9), 110-118.
35. Sharda, S., Gupta, A., Goyal, A., & Gauba, K. Remineralization potential and caries preventive efficacy of CPP-ACP/Xylitol/Ozone/Bioactive glass and topical fluoride combined therapy versus fluoride mono-therapy–a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021; 79(6), 402-417.
36. Alharith D, Alhokair R, Zakri N, Alshaqha N, Almutairi M, Alamri M. An overview of probiotic use in dentistry: a literature review. Int J Med Dev Ctries. 2021; 5(1),341-346.
37. Hedayati-Hajikand, T., Lundberg, U., Eldh, C., & Twetman, S. Effect of probiotic chewing tablets on early childhood caries–a randomized controlled trial. BMC oral health, 2015; 15(1), 1-5.
38. Comelli, E. M., Guggenheim, B., Stingele, F., & Neeser, J. R. Selection of dairy bacterial strains as probiotics for oral health. European journal of oral sciences, 2002; 110(3), 218-224.
39. Nikawa H et al. Lactobacillus reuteri in bovine milk fermented decreases the oral carriage of mutans streptococci. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004; 95(2), 219-223.
40. Jose JE, Padmanabhan S, Chitharanjan AB. Systemic consumption of probiotic curd and use of probiotic toothpaste to reduce Streptococcus mutans in plaque around orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2013; 144(1), 67-72.
41. Nase L et al. Effect of Long-Term Consumption of a Probiotic Bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in Milk on Dental Caries and Caries Risk in Children. Caries Res. 2001; 35(6), 412-420.
42. Reddy JJ, Sampathkumar N, Aradhya S. Probiotics in dentistry: review of the current status. Rev clín pesq odontol. 2010; 6(3), 261-267.
43. Teanpaisan R, Piwat S, Dahlén G. Inhibitory effect of oral Lactobacillus against oral pathogens. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2011; 53(4), 452-459.
44. Glavina D, Gorseta K, Skrinjarić I, Vranić DN, Mehulić K, Kozul K. Effect of LGG yoghurt on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. salivary counts in children. Coll Antropol. 2012; 36(1), 129-132.
45. Califano J V et al. Periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. Pediatr Dent. 2009; 31(6), 255-262.
46. Position paper: periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. Journal of Periodontology, 2003; 74(11), 1696-1704.
47. Gafan GP, Lucas VS, Roberts GJ, Petrie A, Wilson M, Spratt DA. Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in dental plaque of children. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42(9), 4141-4146.
48. Portela MB, Souza IPR, Costa EMMB, Hagler AN, Soares RMA, Santos ALS. Differential recovery of Candida species from subgingival sites in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and healthy children from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42(12), 5925-5927.
49. Nguyen T, Brody H, Radaic A, Kapila Y. Probiotics for periodontal health—Current molecular findings. Periodontol 2000. 2021; 87(1), 254-267.
50. Zhao JJ, Feng XP, Zhang XL, Le KY. Effect of porphyromonas gingivalis and lactobacillus acidophilus on secretion of IL1B, IL6, and IL8 by gingival epithelial cells. Inflammation. 2012; 35(4), 1330-1337.
51. Stamatova I, Meurman JH. Probiotics: Health benefits in the mouth. Am J Dent. 2009; 22(6), 329-338.
52. Mayanagi G et al. Probiotic effects of orally administered Lactobacillus salivarius WB21-containing tablets on periodontopathic bacteria: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2009; 36(6), 506-513.
53. Twetman S, Derawi B, Keller M, Ekstrand K, Yucel-Lindberg T, Stecksén-Blicks C. Short-term effect of chewing gums containing probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri on the levels of inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid. Acta Odontol Scand. 2009; 67(1), 19-24.
54. Iniesta M, Herrera D, Montero E, et al. Probiotic effects of orally administered Lactobacillus reuteri-containing tablets on the subgingival and salivary microbiota in patients with gingivitis. A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2012; 39(8), 736-744.
55. Mogilnicka I, Bogucki P, Ufnal M. Microbiota and Malodor — Etiology and Management. Published online 2020:1-21.
56. Hampelska K, Jaworska MM, Babalska ZŁ, Karpiński TM. The Role of Oral Microbiota in Intra-Oral Halitosis. J Clin Med. 2020; 9(8), 2484.
57. Bollen CML, Beikler T. Halitosis: the multidisciplinary approach. Int J Oral Sci. 2012; 4(2), 55-63.
58. Kazor CE, Mitchell PM, Lee AM, et al. Diversity of bacterial populations on the tongue dorsa of patients with halitosis and healthy patients. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41(2), 558-563.
59. Di Pierro F. A possible probiotic (S. salivarius K12) approach to improve oral and lung microbiotas and raise defenses against SAR S-CoV-2. Minerva Med. 2020; 11(31), 281-283.
60. Hyink O, Wescombe PA, Upton M, Ragland N, Burton JP, Tagg JR. Salivaricin A2 and the novel lantibiotic salivaricin B are encoded at adjacent loci on a 190-kilobase transmissible megaplasmid in the oral probiotic strain Streptococcus salivanus K12. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007; 73(4), 1107-1113.
61. Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Moore CJ, Speiser G, Tagg JR. A preliminary study of the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on oral malodour parameters. J Appl Microbiol. 2006; 100(4), 754-764.
62. Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Tagg JR. The rationale and potential for the reduction of oral malodour using Streptococcus salivarius probiotics. Oral Dis. 2005; 11(1), 29-31.
63. Kang M-S, Kim B-G, Chung J, Lee H-C OJ-S. Inhibitory effect of Weissella cibaria isolates on the production of volatile sulphur compounds. . J Clin Periodontol. 2006; 33, 226-232.
64. Iwamoto T, Suzuki N, Tanabe K, Takeshita T, Hirofuji T. Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 on halitosis and oral health: An open-label pilot trial. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology. 2010; 110(2), 201-208.
65. Suzuki N et al. Lactobacillus salivarius WB21-containing tablets for the treatment of oral malodor: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014; 117(4), 462-470.
66. Signoretto C, Burlacchini G, Faccioni F, Zanderigo M, Bozzola N, Canepari P. Support for the role of Candida spp. in extensive caries lesions of children. New Microbiol. 2009; 32(1), 101-107.
67. Torres SR, Peixoto CB, Caldas DM, et al. A prospective randomized trial to reduce oral Candida spp. colonization in patients with hyposalivation. Braz Oral Res. 2007; 21(2), 182-187.
68. Xiao J, Huang X, Alkhers N, et al. Candida albicans and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Caries Res. 2018; 52(1-2), 102-112.
69. Matsubara VH, Silva EG, Paula CR, Ishikawa KH, Nakamae AEM. Treatment with probiotics in experimental oral colonization by Candida albicans in murine model (DBA/2). Oral Dis. 2012; 18(3), 260-264.
70. Li D, Li Q, Liu C, et al. Efficacy and safety of probiotics in the treatment of Candida-associated stomatitis. Mycoses. 2014; 57(3), 141-146.
71. Mendonça FHBP, dos Santos SSF, de Faria I da S, Gonçalves e Silva CR, Jorge AOC, Leão MVP. Effects of probiotic bacteria on Candida presence and IgA anti-Candida in the oral cavity of elderly. Braz Dent J. 2012; 23(5), 534-538.
72. Bagan J, Sarrion G, Jimenez Y. Oral cancer: Clinical features. Oral Oncol. 2010; 46(6), 414-417.
73. Wang Y, Li J, Zhang H, et al. Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 Alleviates Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis in Mice. Front Immunol. 2021; 12(June), 1-10.
74. Cereda E, Caraccia M, Caccialanza R. Probiotics and mucositis. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2018; 21(5), 399-404.
75. Asoudeh-Fard A, Barzegari A, Dehnad A, Bastani S, Golchin A, Omidi Y. Lactobacillus plantarum induces apoptosis in oral cancer KB cells through upregulation of PTEN and downregulation of MAPK signaling pathways. BioImpacts. 2017; 7(3), 193-198.
76. Narwal A. Probiotics in Dentistry – A Review. J Nutr Food Sci. 2011; 01(05), 1-5.

Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm	Derlemeler
Yazarlar	Özge Bektaş 0000-0002-6157-2534
Yayımlanma Tarihi	25 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2022 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Bektaş, Ö. (2022). ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE PROBİYOTİKLER. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research, 2(2), 116-123.
AMA	Bektaş Ö. ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE PROBİYOTİKLER. HRU Int J Dent Oral Res. Ağustos 2022;2(2):116-123.
Chicago	Bektaş, Özge. “ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE PROBİYOTİKLER”. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research 2, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2022): 116-23.
EndNote	Bektaş Ö (01 Ağustos 2022) ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE PROBİYOTİKLER. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research 2 2 116–123.
IEEE	Ö. Bektaş, “ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE PROBİYOTİKLER”, HRU Int J Dent Oral Res, c. 2, sy. 2, ss. 116–123, 2022.
ISNAD	Bektaş, Özge. “ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE PROBİYOTİKLER”. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research 2/2 (Ağustos 2022), 116-123.
JAMA	Bektaş Ö. ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE PROBİYOTİKLER. HRU Int J Dent Oral Res. 2022;2:116–123.
MLA	Bektaş, Özge. “ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE PROBİYOTİKLER”. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research, c. 2, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 116-23.
Vancouver	Bektaş Ö. ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE PROBİYOTİKLER. HRU Int J Dent Oral Res. 2022;2(2):116-23.

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