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Antioxidant activity, analgesic activity, and phytochemical analysis of Ammi majus (L.) extracts

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 23 - 37, 26.03.2023

Otman El-guourramı Soufiane Drıoua Mouna Ameggouz Najoua Salhı Karima Sayah Gokhan Zengin Ahmed Zahıdı Anass Doukkalı Hanane Benzeıd

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1139246
Cited By: 2

Öz

Ammi majus (L.) is commonly used to cure many diseases in Moroccan folk medicine, especially vitiligo. This research tries to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of two aqueous extracts (E1; Maceration; 48 h) and (E2: Infusion; 1h) and three organic fractions (F1: Cyclohexane), (F2: Ethyl acetate (EtOAc)) and (F3: Ethanolic (EtOH)) of A. majus (L.) seeds, as well as to study the antioxidant and analgesic activity of the species. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and TAC tests), and analgesic activity (writhing and tail immersion were induced by Acetic acid tests) were analyzed according to the literature. A quantitative phytochemical study indicate that the E1 had the highest content of total polyphenols (26.95 ± 0.53 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (37.92 ± 0.46 mg QE/g extract), while F3 showed a promising flavonol content (24.26±0.08 mg QE/g extract). Tannins were found to be high in F1 (59.27 ± 0.16 mg CE/g extract) and F2 (57.65 ± 1.18 mg CE/g extract). Antioxidant results reveals that DPPH (IC50 = 179.68 ± 0.47 μg/mL) and FRAP (EC50 = 367.03 ± 0.12 μg/mL) show to E1 a high antioxidant activity. Regarding the analgesic activity of the different studied extracts, it was found that E1 has a high peripheral analgesic effect with 62.32 % and a high central analgesic potential throughout the experimentation at 500 mg/kg. Our studies demonstrated for the first time that A. majus seeds extracts have high antioxidant and analgesic activities through different analysis techniques.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ammi majus Phytochemical analysis Antioxidant Analgesic

Teşekkür

It is a genuine pleasure to express my deep sense of thanks and gratitude to my guide professor Mohammed OULAD BOUYAHYA IDRISSI, and, all members of Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Bromatology of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Rabat, Morocco.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Mustafa E.A., EL-Bay F.K.A., Fayez, M.B.E. (1971a). Natural coumarins. XIII. Structure of maurin, a constituants of Ammi majus fruits. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20, 1657–1658. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00594048
  • Abu-Mustafa E.A., EL-Bay F.K.A., Fayez, M.B.E. (1971b). Natural coumarins. XII. Umbelliprenin, a constituants of Ammi majus fruits. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 60, 788–789. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600600528
  • Al-Hadhrami, R., & Hossain, M. (2016). Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of seed crude extracts of Ammi majus grown in Oman. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4), 329–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbas.2016.08.001
  • Al-Hadhrami, R.M.S., Al Muniri, R.M.S., & Hossain, M.A. (2016). Evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of polar solvent extracts from leaves of Ammi majus used by the Omanis. Pacific Science Review A: Natural Science and Engineering, 18(1), 62–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psra.2016.08.002
  • Al-Snafi, A.E. (2013). Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of ammi majus and Ammi visnaga. International Journal of Pharmacy and Industrial, 3, 257–265.
  • Al Akeel, R., Al-Sheikh, Y., Mateen, A., Syed, R., Janardhan, K., & Gupta, V.C. (2014). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of crude protein extracts from seeds of six different medical plants against standard bacterial strains. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 21(2), 147–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.09.003
  • Aourabi, S., Driouch, M., Sfaira, M., Mahjoubi, F., Hammouti, B., Verma, C., Ebenso, E.E., & Guo, L. (2021). Phenolic fraction of Ammi visnaga extract as environmentally friendly antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 323, 114950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114950
  • Asadi-Samani, M., Kafash-Farkhad, N., Azimi, N., Fasihi, A., Alinia-Ahandani, E., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2015). Medicinal plants with hepatoprotective activity in Iranian folk medicine. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(2), 146 157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(15)30159-3
  • Azzouzi, F. El, & Zidane, L. (2015). La flore médicinale traditionnelle de la région de Béni- Mellal (Maroc). Journal of Applied Biosciences, 91(1), 8493 8502. https://doi.org/10.4314/jab.v91i1.8
  • Balbaa, S.I., Hilal, S.H., & Haggag, M.Y. (1973). Separation of ammajin and marmesin from the fruits of Ammi majus and their chemical estimation. Planta Medica, 23, 191–195. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1099432
  • Bartnik, M., & Mazurek, A.K. (2016). Isolation of methoxyfuranocoumarins from ammi majus by centrifugal partition chromatography. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 54(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmv098
  • Bellakhdar, J. (1997). Contribution à l’étude de la pharmacopée traditionnelle au Maroc: la situation actuelle, les produits, les sources du savoir (enquête ethnopharmacologique de terrain réalisée de 1969 à 1992) (Tome 1). Université Paul Verlaine-Metz.
  • Bellakhdar, J., Claisse, R., Fleurentin, J., & Younos, C. (1991). Repertory of standard herbal drugs in the Moroccan pharmacopoea. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 35(2), 123–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(91)90064-K
  • Benarroch, E.E. (2008). Descending monoaminergic pain modulation: Bidirectional control and clinical relevance. Neurology, 71(3), 217 221. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000318225.51122.63
  • Bencheraiet, R., Kherrab, H., Kabouche, A., Kabouche, Z., Jay, M., Substances, O. De, & Chimie, D. De. (2011). Flavonols and Antioxidant Activity of Ammi visnaga L. (Apiaceae). 1, 52–55.
  • Bhambri, M., Bajaj, A., & Cherian, K.J. (2012). Effect of different sowing periods on the growth and yield of Ammi Majus L. in the vidarbha region. Bionano Frontier, 5(2), 277–280.
  • Bougandoura, N., & Bendimerad, N. (2013). Evaluation de l’activité antioxydante des extraits aqueux et méthanolique de Satureja calamintha ssp.Nepeta (L.) Briq. Nature & Technologie, 9, 14–19.
  • Bourhia, M., Shahat, A.A., Almarfadi, O.M., Naser, F.A., Abdelmageed, W.M., Ait, A., Said, H., Gueddari, F. El, Naamane, A., Benbacer, L., & Khlil, N. (2019). Ethnopharmacological Survey of Herbal Remedies Used for the Treatment of Cancer in the Greater Casablanca-Morocco. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1613457
  • Cáceres, A., Pinales-Tóbar, S.A., Medina, M.R., Marroquín, M.N., & Cruz, S.M. (2020). Alternative use of coffee beans and leaves from seven regions of Guatemala for its antioxidant activity and chemical composition. International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijpni.2020.05
  • Cao, L.H., Lee, H.S., Quan, Z.S., Lee, Y.J., & Jin, Y. (2020). Vascular Protective Effects of Xanthotoxin and Its Action Mechanism in Rat Aorta and Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. Journal of Vascular Research, 57(6), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509112
  • Dale, D.C., Federman, D.D., Rubenstein, E., & Physicians, A.C. of. (2005). ACP medicine. Scientific American: WebMD Professional Publishing.
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  • Derardt, R., Jongney, S., & Delevalcee, F. (1980). Release of Prostaglandin E and F in an analgesic Reaction and its Inhibition. European Journal of Pharmacology, 51, 17.-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485399000395
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  • Fennane, M.F., & Ejdali. (2016). Aromatic and medicinal plants of Morocco: Richness, diversity and threats [Plantes aromatiques et médicinales du Maroc: Richesse, diversité et menaces]. Bulletin de l’Institut Scientifique, 38, 27-42.
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Antioxidant activity, analgesic activity, and phytochemical analysis of Ammi majus (L.) extracts

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 23 - 37, 26.03.2023

Otman El-guourramı Soufiane Drıoua Mouna Ameggouz Najoua Salhı Karima Sayah Gokhan Zengin Ahmed Zahıdı Anass Doukkalı Hanane Benzeıd

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1139246
Cited By: 2

Öz

Ammi majus (L.) is commonly used to cure many diseases in Moroccan folk medicine, especially vitiligo. This research tries to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of two aqueous extracts (E1; Maceration; 48 h) and (E2: Infusion; 1h) and three organic fractions (F1: Cyclohexane), (F2: Ethyl acetate (EtOAc)) and (F3: Ethanolic (EtOH)) of A. majus (L.) seeds, as well as to study the antioxidant and analgesic activity of the species. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and TAC tests), and analgesic activity (writhing and tail immersion were induced by Acetic acid tests) were analyzed according to the literature. A quantitative phytochemical study indicate that the E1 had the highest content of total polyphenols (26.95 ± 0.53 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (37.92 ± 0.46 mg QE/g extract), while F3 showed a promising flavonol content (24.26±0.08 mg QE/g extract). Tannins were found to be high in F1 (59.27 ± 0.16 mg CE/g extract) and F2 (57.65 ± 1.18 mg CE/g extract). Antioxidant results reveals that DPPH (IC50 = 179.68 ± 0.47 μg/mL) and FRAP (EC50 = 367.03 ± 0.12 μg/mL) show to E1 a high antioxidant activity. Regarding the analgesic activity of the different studied extracts, it was found that E1 has a high peripheral analgesic effect with 62.32 % and a high central analgesic potential throughout the experimentation at 500 mg/kg. Our studies demonstrated for the first time that A. majus seeds extracts have high antioxidant and analgesic activities through different analysis techniques.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ammi majus Phytochemical analysis Antioxidant Analgesic

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Mustafa E.A., EL-Bay F.K.A., Fayez, M.B.E. (1971a). Natural coumarins. XIII. Structure of maurin, a constituants of Ammi majus fruits. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20, 1657–1658. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00594048
  • Abu-Mustafa E.A., EL-Bay F.K.A., Fayez, M.B.E. (1971b). Natural coumarins. XII. Umbelliprenin, a constituants of Ammi majus fruits. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 60, 788–789. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600600528
  • Al-Hadhrami, R., & Hossain, M. (2016). Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of seed crude extracts of Ammi majus grown in Oman. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4), 329–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbas.2016.08.001
  • Al-Hadhrami, R.M.S., Al Muniri, R.M.S., & Hossain, M.A. (2016). Evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of polar solvent extracts from leaves of Ammi majus used by the Omanis. Pacific Science Review A: Natural Science and Engineering, 18(1), 62–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psra.2016.08.002
  • Al-Snafi, A.E. (2013). Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of ammi majus and Ammi visnaga. International Journal of Pharmacy and Industrial, 3, 257–265.
  • Al Akeel, R., Al-Sheikh, Y., Mateen, A., Syed, R., Janardhan, K., & Gupta, V.C. (2014). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of crude protein extracts from seeds of six different medical plants against standard bacterial strains. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 21(2), 147–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.09.003
  • Aourabi, S., Driouch, M., Sfaira, M., Mahjoubi, F., Hammouti, B., Verma, C., Ebenso, E.E., & Guo, L. (2021). Phenolic fraction of Ammi visnaga extract as environmentally friendly antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 323, 114950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114950
  • Asadi-Samani, M., Kafash-Farkhad, N., Azimi, N., Fasihi, A., Alinia-Ahandani, E., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2015). Medicinal plants with hepatoprotective activity in Iranian folk medicine. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(2), 146 157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(15)30159-3
  • Azzouzi, F. El, & Zidane, L. (2015). La flore médicinale traditionnelle de la région de Béni- Mellal (Maroc). Journal of Applied Biosciences, 91(1), 8493 8502. https://doi.org/10.4314/jab.v91i1.8
  • Balbaa, S.I., Hilal, S.H., & Haggag, M.Y. (1973). Separation of ammajin and marmesin from the fruits of Ammi majus and their chemical estimation. Planta Medica, 23, 191–195. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1099432
  • Bartnik, M., & Mazurek, A.K. (2016). Isolation of methoxyfuranocoumarins from ammi majus by centrifugal partition chromatography. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 54(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmv098
  • Bellakhdar, J. (1997). Contribution à l’étude de la pharmacopée traditionnelle au Maroc: la situation actuelle, les produits, les sources du savoir (enquête ethnopharmacologique de terrain réalisée de 1969 à 1992) (Tome 1). Université Paul Verlaine-Metz.
  • Bellakhdar, J., Claisse, R., Fleurentin, J., & Younos, C. (1991). Repertory of standard herbal drugs in the Moroccan pharmacopoea. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 35(2), 123–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(91)90064-K
  • Benarroch, E.E. (2008). Descending monoaminergic pain modulation: Bidirectional control and clinical relevance. Neurology, 71(3), 217 221. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000318225.51122.63
  • Bencheraiet, R., Kherrab, H., Kabouche, A., Kabouche, Z., Jay, M., Substances, O. De, & Chimie, D. De. (2011). Flavonols and Antioxidant Activity of Ammi visnaga L. (Apiaceae). 1, 52–55.
  • Bhambri, M., Bajaj, A., & Cherian, K.J. (2012). Effect of different sowing periods on the growth and yield of Ammi Majus L. in the vidarbha region. Bionano Frontier, 5(2), 277–280.
  • Bougandoura, N., & Bendimerad, N. (2013). Evaluation de l’activité antioxydante des extraits aqueux et méthanolique de Satureja calamintha ssp.Nepeta (L.) Briq. Nature & Technologie, 9, 14–19.
  • Bourhia, M., Shahat, A.A., Almarfadi, O.M., Naser, F.A., Abdelmageed, W.M., Ait, A., Said, H., Gueddari, F. El, Naamane, A., Benbacer, L., & Khlil, N. (2019). Ethnopharmacological Survey of Herbal Remedies Used for the Treatment of Cancer in the Greater Casablanca-Morocco. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1613457
  • Cáceres, A., Pinales-Tóbar, S.A., Medina, M.R., Marroquín, M.N., & Cruz, S.M. (2020). Alternative use of coffee beans and leaves from seven regions of Guatemala for its antioxidant activity and chemical composition. International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijpni.2020.05
  • Cao, L.H., Lee, H.S., Quan, Z.S., Lee, Y.J., & Jin, Y. (2020). Vascular Protective Effects of Xanthotoxin and Its Action Mechanism in Rat Aorta and Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. Journal of Vascular Research, 57(6), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509112
  • Dale, D.C., Federman, D.D., Rubenstein, E., & Physicians, A.C. of. (2005). ACP medicine. Scientific American: WebMD Professional Publishing.
  • Daniel, L. bars, Manuela, G., & Samuel, W. cadden. (2001). Animal Models of Nociception. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 53(4), 597–652.
  • Derardt, R., Jongney, S., & Delevalcee, F. (1980). Release of Prostaglandin E and F in an analgesic Reaction and its Inhibition. European Journal of Pharmacology, 51, 17.-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485399000395
  • El Mofty, A.M. (1948). A preliminary clinical report on the treatment of leucoderma with Ammi majus Linn. The Journal of the Royal Egyptian Medical Association, 31, 651–655.
  • Fathallah, N., Raafat, M.M., Issa, M.Y., Abdel-Aziz, M.M., Bishr, M., Abdelkawy, M.A., & Salama, O. (2019). Bio-guided fractionation of prenylated benzaldehyde derivatives as potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm from Ammi majus l. fruits-associated aspergillus amstelodami. Molecules, 24(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224118
  • Fennane, M.F., & Ejdali. (2016). Aromatic and medicinal plants of Morocco: Richness, diversity and threats [Plantes aromatiques et médicinales du Maroc: Richesse, diversité et menaces]. Bulletin de l’Institut Scientifique, 38, 27-42.
  • Hakim, R.E. (1969). Rediscovery of a treatment for vitiligo. Clio Medica, 4, 277–289.
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  • Humans, I.W.G. on the E. of C.R. to, Meeting, I.W.G. on the E. of C.R. to H., Organization, W.H., & Cancer, I.A. for R. on. (2007). Human papillomaviruses (Vol. 90). World Health Organization.
  • Julkunen-Tiitto, R. (1985). Phenolic constituents in the leaves of Northern Willows: Methods for the analysis of certain phenolics. J. Agric. Food Chem., 33(2), 213–217.
  • Karawya, M.S.; Khayyal, S.E.; Youssef, G.F. (1970). Estimation of xanthotoxin, imperatorin and bergapten in amml majus fruits and formulations. Planta Med, 195–200.
  • Koriem, K.M.M., Asaad, G.F., Megahed, H.A., Zahran, H., & Arbid, M.S. (2012). Evaluation of the antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of ethanolic extract of Ammi majus seeds in albino rats and mice. International Journal of Toxicology, 31(3), 294–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581812440889
  • Koster, R. (1959). Acetic acid for analgesic screening. Federation Proceedings, 18, 412-417.
  • Megdiche-ksouri, W., Trabelsi, N., Mkadmini, K., Bourgou, S., Noumi, A., Snoussi, M., Barbria, R., Tebourbi, O., & Ksouri, R. (2014). Artemisia campestris phenolic compounds have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Industrial Crops & Products. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.10.029
  • Merrouni, I.A., & Elachouri, M. (2020). Anticancer medicinal plants used by Moroccan people: Ethnobotanical, preclinical, phytochemical and clinical evidence. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113435
  • Mohamed, E.H., Mostafa, D. El, Jamal, B., Lahcen, Z., Alain, B., & Allal, D. (2013). Plantes médicinales de la Moyenne Moulouya (Nord-Est du Maroc). Ethnopharmacologie Au Maroc, 50, 39–53.
  • Mohammed, M.M.D., & El-Sharkawy, E.R. (2017). Cytotoxic new furoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Ammi majus L. growing in Egypt. Natural Product Research, 31(6), 645–652. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1217858
  • Muddathir, A.M., Yamauchi, K., Batubara, I., Mohieldin, E.A.M., & Mitsunaga, T. (2017). Anti-tyrosinase, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of selected Sudanese medicinal plants. South African Journal of Botany, 109, 9 15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.12.013
  • Nassiri, L., Zarkani, S., Daoudi, A., Bammou, M., Bouiamrine, E.H., & Ibijbijen, J. (2016). Contribution à l’élaboration d’un catalogue ethnobotanique de la commune rurale d’Aguelmous (Province de Khénifra, Maroc) [Contribution to the establishment of ethno botanical catalog of Aguelmous (Khenifra, Morocco)]. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 17(2), 373.
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  • Oyaizu, M. (1986) Studies on Products of Browning Reactions: Antioxidative Activities of Product of Browning Reaction Prepared from Glucosamine. Japan Journal of Nutrition, 44, 307-315. http://dx.doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307
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  • Pukalskas, A., van Beek, T.A., Venskutonis, R.P., Linssen, J.P.H., van Veldhuizen, A., & de Groot, Æ. (2002). Identification of radical scavengers in sweet grass (Hierochloe odorata). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(10), 2914–2919.
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  • Redouan, F.Z., Benítez, G., Picone, R.M., Crisafulli, Alessandro Yebouk, C., Bouhbal, M., Ben Driss, A., Kadiri, M., Molero-Mesa, J., & Merzouki, A. (2020). Traditional medicinal knowledge of Apiaceae at Talassemtane National Park (Northern Morocco). South African Journal of Botany, 131, 118–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.02.004
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  • Sahin, F., Güllüce, M., Daferera, D., Sökmen, A., Sökmen, M., Polissiou, M., Agar, G., & Özer, H. (2004). Biological activities of the essential oils and methanol extract of Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Food Control, 15(7), 549–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2003.08.009
  • Selim, Y., & Ouf, N. (2012). Anti-inflammatory new coumarin from the Ammi majus L. Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/2191-2858-2-1
  • Sewell, R.D.E., & Spencer, P.S.J. (1976). Antinociceptive activity of narcotic agonist and partial agonist analgesics and other agents in the tail-immersion test in mice and rats. Neuropharmacology, 15(11), 683–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(76)90037-X
  • Singab, A.N.B. (1998). Acetylated flavonol triglycosides from Ammi majus L. Phytochemistry, 49(7), 2177–2180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00417-8
  • Singh, G., Kaur, A., Kaur, J., Bhatti, M.S., Singh, P., & Bhatti, R. (2019). Bergapten inhibits chemically induced nociceptive behavior and inflammation in mice by decreasing the expression of spinal PARP, iNOS, COX-2 and inflammatory cytokines. Inflammopharmacology, 27(4), 749–760. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-019-00585-6
  • Yamani, A., Bunel, V., Antoine, M., Husson, C., Stévigny, C., Duez, P., Elachouri, M., & Nortier, J. (2015). Substitution between Aristolochia and Bryonia genus in North-Eastern Morocco : Toxicological implications. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 166, 250–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.036
  • Yermakov, A.I., Arasimov, V.V, & Yarosh, N.P. (1987). Methods of biochemical analysis of plants. Agropromizdat, Leningrad, 122–142.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Otman El-guourramı Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5315-6063

Soufiane Drıoua Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4641-6285

Mouna Ameggouz Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9734-674X

Najoua Salhı Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5867-6167

Karima Sayah Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6867-5168

Gokhan Zengin 0000-0001-6548-7823

Ahmed Zahıdı 0000-0003-4609-7779

Anass Doukkalı Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2586-2232

Hanane Benzeıd Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6858-0716

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Mart 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA El-guourramı, O., Drıoua, S., Ameggouz, M., Salhı, N., vd. (2023). Antioxidant activity, analgesic activity, and phytochemical analysis of Ammi majus (L.) extracts. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 10(1), 23-37. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1139246

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