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Salvia verticillata L., Salvia tomentosa Mill. ve Phlomis lychnitis L.'nin Toplam Fenolik ve Flavonoid İçerikleri ve Antioksidan Aktivitesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 125 - 130, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.664514

Öz

Çalışmamızın amacı, Salvia verticillata L., S. tomentosa Mill. ve Phlomis lychnitis L.'nin metanol ve etil asetat ekstraklarının toplam fenolik, toplam flavonoid ve antioksidan özelliklerini araştırmaktır. Ekstraktların antioksidan potansiyelleri DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) serbest radikal temizleme etkinliği kullanılarak belirlendi. Toplam fenolik içerik (TPC) ve toplam flavonoid içerik (TFC) spektrofotometrik yöntem kullanılarak değerlendirildi. S. verticillata’nın metanol ekstraktı, TPC ve TFC’de en yüksektir. Aynı ekstrakt, 0.01 ± 0.00 mg / mL SC50 değeri ile en iyi antioksidan aktivite ortaya koydu. Ayrıca DPPH ve TFC (r = 0.904; p <0.01) ve TPC (r = 0.963; p <0.01) arasında da güçlü pozitif korelasyon bulundu. Bu ilişki, flavonoidlerin diğer fenolik bileşiklerle birlikte bu biyoaktiviteye büyük katkıda bulunduğunu gösterdi. Sonuçlarımız ayrıca S. verticillata L.'nin metanol ekstraktının, ilaç ve gıda endüstrilerinde kullanım için yüksek kaliteli bir antioksidan olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. 

Kaynakça

  • Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., Karademir, S.E., Erça, E. (2006). The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 57, 292-304.
  • Askun, T., Tumen, G., Satil, F., Ates, M. (2009). Characterization of the phenolic composition and antimicrobial activities of Turkish medicinal plants. Pharmaceutical Biology, 14, 47: 563-571.
  • Baser, K.H.C. (2002). Aromatic biodiversity among the flowering plant taxa of Turkey. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74, 527–545.
  • Cai, Y.Z., Luo, Q., Sun, M., Corke, H. (2004). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Science, 74, 2157-2184.
  • Cardile, V., Russo, A., Formisano, C., Rigano, D., Senatore, F., Arnold, N. A., Piozzi, F. (2009). Essential oils of Salvia bracteata and Salvia rubifolia from Lebanon: chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effect on human melanoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 126, 265–272.
  • Copping, L. G., Menn, J. J. (2000). Biopesticides: a review of their action, applications and efficacy. Pest Management Science, 56, 651–676.
  • Delamare, A. P. L., Moschen-Pistorello, I. T., Artico, L., Atti-Serafini, L., Echeverrigaray, S. (2007). Antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia triloba L. cultivated in South Brazil. Food Chemistry, 100, 608–663.
  • Delamare, L. A., Ivete, T. M. P., Artico, L., Atti-Serafini, L., Echeverrrigary, S. (2007). Antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia triloba L. cultivated in south Brazil. Food Chemistry, 100, 603–608.
  • Dincer, C., Topuz, A., Sahin, N. H., Ozdemir, K.S., Cam, I. Bç, Tontul, I., Gokturk, R.S., Ay,S.T. (2012). A comparative study on phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and essential oil content of wild and cultivated sage (Salvia fruticosa Miller) as influenced by storage. Industrial Crops and Products, 39, 170-176.
  • Dinçer, C., Tontul, İ., Çam, İ. B., Özdemir, K. S., Topuz, A., Şahin-Nadeem, H., Ay, S. T., Göktürk, R. S. (2013). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Salvia tomentosa Miller: Effects of cultivation, harvesting year and storage. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 37, 561-567.
  • Dmitrienko, S. G., Kudrinskaya, V. A. and Apyari, V. V. (2012). Methods of extraction, preconcentration, and determination of quercetin. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 67(4), 299–311.
  • Erbil, N., Dıgrak, M. (2015). Total phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Salvia verticillata L. var. amasiaca and Salvia microstegia Boiss & Bal fromTurkish Flora. Journal of Mıcrobıology and Antımıcrobıal Agents, 1(1), 23-29.
  • Erdogan, O. I., Baki, E., Senol, S., Yilmaz, G. (2010). Sage-called plant species sold in Turkey and their antioxidant activities. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 75, 1491-1501.
  • Erdoğan, S. S., Karık, Başer, K. H. (2014). The Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Some Sage Populations of In The Marmara Region. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, special Issue: 2.
  • Firuzi, O., Miri, R., Asadollahi, M., Eslami, S., Jassbi, R. (2013). Cytotoxic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities and Phenolic Contents of Eleven Salvia Species from Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ,12 (4), 801-810.
  • Flamini, G., Cioni, P.L., Morelli, I., Bader, A. (2007). Essential oil of the aerial parts of the three Salvia species from Jordan: Salvia lanigera, S. spinosa and S. syriaca. Food Chemistry, 100, 732–735.
  • Hayder, N., Kilani, A. A., Ammar, S., Mahmoud, R. B., Ghedira, A. Ghedira, K. C. (2004). Antigenotoxic and free-radical scavenging activities of extracts from (Tunisian) Myrtus communis. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 564, 89–95.
  • Haznedaroglu, M. Z., Karabay, N. U., Zeybek, U. (2001). Antibacterial activity of Salvia tomentosa essential oil. Fitoterapia, 72, 829–831.
  • Karakoc¸ O. C., Gokce, A., Telci, I. (2006). Fumigant activity of some plant essential oils against Sitophilus oryzae L., Sitophilus granaries L. (Col.: Curculionidae) and Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. (Col.: Bruchidae). Turk Entomoloji Dergisi, 30, 123–135.
  • Kılıçkaya Selvi, E., Usta, A. & Akıner, M.M. (2019). Larvacidal activity of some medicinal plants naturally growing in Turkey against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Anatolian Environmental&Animal Sciences, 4(1), 53-59.
  • Kim, D. O., Lee, C.Y.(2004 ). Comprehensive study on vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) of various polyphenolics in scavenging a free radical and its structural relationship. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 44(4),253-273.
  • Kolak, U., Kabouche, A., Ozturk, M., Kabouche, Z., Topçu, G., Ulubelen, A. (2009). Antioxidant diterpenoids from the roots of Salvia barrelieri. Phytochemical Analysis, 20, 320–327. Lu, Y., Foo, L. (2002). Polyphenolics of Salvia a review. Phytochemistry, 59, 117-140.
  • Marcucci, M.C., Woisky, R.G., Salatino, A. (1998). Use of aluminum chloride in the flavonoids quantification of propolis samples, Mensagem Doce, (in Portuguese). 46, 3-9. Merouane, A., Saadi, A.,Noui, A. and Bader, A. (2019). Evaluation of phenolic contents and antioxidant properties of the leaves and flowers of Phlomis biloba Desf. International Food Research Journal 26(1), 167 – 173. Miliauskas, G., Venskutonis, P.R., Van Beek, T.A. (2004). Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chemistry, 85, 231-237
  • Mokrani, A., and Madani, K. (2016). Effect of solvent, time and temperature on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit. Separation and Purification Technology, 162, 68–76.
  • Molyneux, P. (2004). The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 26 (2), 211–19.
  • Nickavar, B., Kamalinejad, M., Izadpanah, H. (2007). In-vitro free radical scavenging activity of five Salvia species. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20, 291-294.
  • Ozkan, G., Sagdic, O., Ozcan, M. (2003). Note: inhibition of pathogenic bacteria by essential oils at different concentrations. Food Science and Technology International, 9, 85–88.
  • Papageorgiou, V., Gardeli, C., Mallouchos, A., Papaioannou, M., Komaitis, M. (2008). Variation of the chemical profile and antioxidant behavior of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia fruticosa Miller grown in Greece. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 7254-7264.
  • Polat, R., Satil, F. (2012). An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Edremit Gulf (Balikesir—Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 139, 626–641.
  • Rizk, A.; El-Ghazaly, G. (1995). Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Qatar; Science and Applied Research Centre, 140−141.
  • Sarikurkcu, C., Uren, M. C., Tepe, B., Cengiz, M., Kocak, M. S. (2015). Phlomis armeniaca: Phenolic compounds, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Industrial Crops and Products, 78, 95-101. Sarikurkcu, C., Uren, M. C., Tepe, B., Cengiz, M. And Kocak, M. S. (2014). Phenolic content: enzyme inhibitory and antioxidative activity potentials of Phlomis nissolii and P. pungens var. pungens. Industrial Crops and Products 62, 333-340. Shan, B., Cai, Y.Z., Sun, M., Corke, H. (2005). Antioxidant capacity of 26 spice extracts and characterization of their phenolic constituents. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 7749-7759.
  • Singleton, V., Rossi, Jr. JA. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphothungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology & Viticulture, 16(3), 144–158.
  • Sukeksi, L., and M, Sarah. (2016). Characterizations and extraction of polyphenols from residual pulp of pink guava as source of antioxidants. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11, 5209–5216.
  • Taşkın, T., Cam, M. E., Bulut, G., Hazar-Yavuz, A.N., Kabasakal, L., Bitiş, L. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Phlomis pungens and Coridothymus capitatus. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 22(1), 80-85.
  • Tenore, G.C., Ciampaglia, R., Arnold, N.A., Piozzi, F., Napolitano, F., Rigano, D., Senatore, F. (2011). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oil of Salvia lanigera from Cyprus. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49 ,238–243.
  • Tepe, B., Daferera, D., Sokmen, A., Sokmen, M., Polissiou, M. (2005). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Salvia tomentosa Miller (Lamiaceae). Food Chemistry, 90, 333-340.
  • Tepe, B., Donmez, E., Unlu, M., Candan, F., Daferera, D., Vardar-Unlu, G., Polissiou, M., Sokmen, A. (2004). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and methanol extracts of Salvia crytantha (Montbret et Aucher ex Benth.) and Salvia multicaulis (Vahl). Food Chemistry, 84, 519–525.
  • Tosun, M., Ercisli, S., Sengul, M., Ozer, H., Polat, T., Ozturk, E. (2009). Antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of eight Salvia from Turkey. Biological Research, 42, 175-81.
  • Tusevski, O., Kostovska, A., Iloska, A., Trajkovska, L., Simic, G. S. (2014). Phenolic production and antioxidant properties of some Macedonian medicinal plants. Central European Journal of Biology, 9(9), 888-900.
  • Walker, J. B., Sytsma, K. J., Treutlein, J., Wink, M. (2004). Salvia (Lamiaceae) is not monophyletic: implications for the systematics, radiation, and ecological specializations of Salvia and tribe Mentheae. American Journal of Botany, 91, 1115–1125.
  • Zhang, Y. and Wang, Z. Z. (2009). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of two Phlomis species: a correlation study. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 332(9), 816-826.

Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Salvia verticillata L., Salvia tomentosa Mill., and Phlomis lychnitis L.

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 125 - 130, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.664514

Öz

In this study, we investigated total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant properties of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Salvia vertisillate L., Salvia tomentosa, and Phlomis lychnitis L. Antioxidant potentials of the extracts were determined by (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were evaluated by spectrophotometric method. Methanol extract of Salvia vertisillate was found to be the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid content. The same extract revealed the most significant antioxidant effect with SC50 value of 0.01±0.mg/mL. Strong positive correlations were also found between DPPH and total flavonoid content (R=0.904; p<0.01), total phenolic content (R=0.963; p<0.01). This relationship indicated that flavonoids contribute greatly to this bioactivity together with other phenolic compounds. Results indicate that the methanol extract of Salvia vertisillate L. proved to be a good sources for medicine and food industry as a natural antioxidant.

Kaynakça

  • Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., Karademir, S.E., Erça, E. (2006). The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 57, 292-304.
  • Askun, T., Tumen, G., Satil, F., Ates, M. (2009). Characterization of the phenolic composition and antimicrobial activities of Turkish medicinal plants. Pharmaceutical Biology, 14, 47: 563-571.
  • Baser, K.H.C. (2002). Aromatic biodiversity among the flowering plant taxa of Turkey. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74, 527–545.
  • Cai, Y.Z., Luo, Q., Sun, M., Corke, H. (2004). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Science, 74, 2157-2184.
  • Cardile, V., Russo, A., Formisano, C., Rigano, D., Senatore, F., Arnold, N. A., Piozzi, F. (2009). Essential oils of Salvia bracteata and Salvia rubifolia from Lebanon: chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effect on human melanoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 126, 265–272.
  • Copping, L. G., Menn, J. J. (2000). Biopesticides: a review of their action, applications and efficacy. Pest Management Science, 56, 651–676.
  • Delamare, A. P. L., Moschen-Pistorello, I. T., Artico, L., Atti-Serafini, L., Echeverrigaray, S. (2007). Antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia triloba L. cultivated in South Brazil. Food Chemistry, 100, 608–663.
  • Delamare, L. A., Ivete, T. M. P., Artico, L., Atti-Serafini, L., Echeverrrigary, S. (2007). Antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia triloba L. cultivated in south Brazil. Food Chemistry, 100, 603–608.
  • Dincer, C., Topuz, A., Sahin, N. H., Ozdemir, K.S., Cam, I. Bç, Tontul, I., Gokturk, R.S., Ay,S.T. (2012). A comparative study on phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and essential oil content of wild and cultivated sage (Salvia fruticosa Miller) as influenced by storage. Industrial Crops and Products, 39, 170-176.
  • Dinçer, C., Tontul, İ., Çam, İ. B., Özdemir, K. S., Topuz, A., Şahin-Nadeem, H., Ay, S. T., Göktürk, R. S. (2013). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Salvia tomentosa Miller: Effects of cultivation, harvesting year and storage. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 37, 561-567.
  • Dmitrienko, S. G., Kudrinskaya, V. A. and Apyari, V. V. (2012). Methods of extraction, preconcentration, and determination of quercetin. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 67(4), 299–311.
  • Erbil, N., Dıgrak, M. (2015). Total phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Salvia verticillata L. var. amasiaca and Salvia microstegia Boiss & Bal fromTurkish Flora. Journal of Mıcrobıology and Antımıcrobıal Agents, 1(1), 23-29.
  • Erdogan, O. I., Baki, E., Senol, S., Yilmaz, G. (2010). Sage-called plant species sold in Turkey and their antioxidant activities. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 75, 1491-1501.
  • Erdoğan, S. S., Karık, Başer, K. H. (2014). The Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Some Sage Populations of In The Marmara Region. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, special Issue: 2.
  • Firuzi, O., Miri, R., Asadollahi, M., Eslami, S., Jassbi, R. (2013). Cytotoxic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities and Phenolic Contents of Eleven Salvia Species from Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ,12 (4), 801-810.
  • Flamini, G., Cioni, P.L., Morelli, I., Bader, A. (2007). Essential oil of the aerial parts of the three Salvia species from Jordan: Salvia lanigera, S. spinosa and S. syriaca. Food Chemistry, 100, 732–735.
  • Hayder, N., Kilani, A. A., Ammar, S., Mahmoud, R. B., Ghedira, A. Ghedira, K. C. (2004). Antigenotoxic and free-radical scavenging activities of extracts from (Tunisian) Myrtus communis. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 564, 89–95.
  • Haznedaroglu, M. Z., Karabay, N. U., Zeybek, U. (2001). Antibacterial activity of Salvia tomentosa essential oil. Fitoterapia, 72, 829–831.
  • Karakoc¸ O. C., Gokce, A., Telci, I. (2006). Fumigant activity of some plant essential oils against Sitophilus oryzae L., Sitophilus granaries L. (Col.: Curculionidae) and Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. (Col.: Bruchidae). Turk Entomoloji Dergisi, 30, 123–135.
  • Kılıçkaya Selvi, E., Usta, A. & Akıner, M.M. (2019). Larvacidal activity of some medicinal plants naturally growing in Turkey against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Anatolian Environmental&Animal Sciences, 4(1), 53-59.
  • Kim, D. O., Lee, C.Y.(2004 ). Comprehensive study on vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) of various polyphenolics in scavenging a free radical and its structural relationship. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 44(4),253-273.
  • Kolak, U., Kabouche, A., Ozturk, M., Kabouche, Z., Topçu, G., Ulubelen, A. (2009). Antioxidant diterpenoids from the roots of Salvia barrelieri. Phytochemical Analysis, 20, 320–327. Lu, Y., Foo, L. (2002). Polyphenolics of Salvia a review. Phytochemistry, 59, 117-140.
  • Marcucci, M.C., Woisky, R.G., Salatino, A. (1998). Use of aluminum chloride in the flavonoids quantification of propolis samples, Mensagem Doce, (in Portuguese). 46, 3-9. Merouane, A., Saadi, A.,Noui, A. and Bader, A. (2019). Evaluation of phenolic contents and antioxidant properties of the leaves and flowers of Phlomis biloba Desf. International Food Research Journal 26(1), 167 – 173. Miliauskas, G., Venskutonis, P.R., Van Beek, T.A. (2004). Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chemistry, 85, 231-237
  • Mokrani, A., and Madani, K. (2016). Effect of solvent, time and temperature on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit. Separation and Purification Technology, 162, 68–76.
  • Molyneux, P. (2004). The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 26 (2), 211–19.
  • Nickavar, B., Kamalinejad, M., Izadpanah, H. (2007). In-vitro free radical scavenging activity of five Salvia species. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20, 291-294.
  • Ozkan, G., Sagdic, O., Ozcan, M. (2003). Note: inhibition of pathogenic bacteria by essential oils at different concentrations. Food Science and Technology International, 9, 85–88.
  • Papageorgiou, V., Gardeli, C., Mallouchos, A., Papaioannou, M., Komaitis, M. (2008). Variation of the chemical profile and antioxidant behavior of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia fruticosa Miller grown in Greece. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 7254-7264.
  • Polat, R., Satil, F. (2012). An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Edremit Gulf (Balikesir—Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 139, 626–641.
  • Rizk, A.; El-Ghazaly, G. (1995). Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Qatar; Science and Applied Research Centre, 140−141.
  • Sarikurkcu, C., Uren, M. C., Tepe, B., Cengiz, M., Kocak, M. S. (2015). Phlomis armeniaca: Phenolic compounds, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Industrial Crops and Products, 78, 95-101. Sarikurkcu, C., Uren, M. C., Tepe, B., Cengiz, M. And Kocak, M. S. (2014). Phenolic content: enzyme inhibitory and antioxidative activity potentials of Phlomis nissolii and P. pungens var. pungens. Industrial Crops and Products 62, 333-340. Shan, B., Cai, Y.Z., Sun, M., Corke, H. (2005). Antioxidant capacity of 26 spice extracts and characterization of their phenolic constituents. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 7749-7759.
  • Singleton, V., Rossi, Jr. JA. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphothungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology & Viticulture, 16(3), 144–158.
  • Sukeksi, L., and M, Sarah. (2016). Characterizations and extraction of polyphenols from residual pulp of pink guava as source of antioxidants. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11, 5209–5216.
  • Taşkın, T., Cam, M. E., Bulut, G., Hazar-Yavuz, A.N., Kabasakal, L., Bitiş, L. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Phlomis pungens and Coridothymus capitatus. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 22(1), 80-85.
  • Tenore, G.C., Ciampaglia, R., Arnold, N.A., Piozzi, F., Napolitano, F., Rigano, D., Senatore, F. (2011). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oil of Salvia lanigera from Cyprus. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49 ,238–243.
  • Tepe, B., Daferera, D., Sokmen, A., Sokmen, M., Polissiou, M. (2005). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Salvia tomentosa Miller (Lamiaceae). Food Chemistry, 90, 333-340.
  • Tepe, B., Donmez, E., Unlu, M., Candan, F., Daferera, D., Vardar-Unlu, G., Polissiou, M., Sokmen, A. (2004). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and methanol extracts of Salvia crytantha (Montbret et Aucher ex Benth.) and Salvia multicaulis (Vahl). Food Chemistry, 84, 519–525.
  • Tosun, M., Ercisli, S., Sengul, M., Ozer, H., Polat, T., Ozturk, E. (2009). Antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of eight Salvia from Turkey. Biological Research, 42, 175-81.
  • Tusevski, O., Kostovska, A., Iloska, A., Trajkovska, L., Simic, G. S. (2014). Phenolic production and antioxidant properties of some Macedonian medicinal plants. Central European Journal of Biology, 9(9), 888-900.
  • Walker, J. B., Sytsma, K. J., Treutlein, J., Wink, M. (2004). Salvia (Lamiaceae) is not monophyletic: implications for the systematics, radiation, and ecological specializations of Salvia and tribe Mentheae. American Journal of Botany, 91, 1115–1125.
  • Zhang, Y. and Wang, Z. Z. (2009). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of two Phlomis species: a correlation study. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 332(9), 816-826.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Emine Kılıçkaya Selvi 0000-0003-0291-5362

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Aralık 2019
Kabul Tarihi 5 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılıçkaya Selvi, E. (2020). Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Salvia verticillata L., Salvia tomentosa Mill., and Phlomis lychnitis L. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 5(2), 125-130. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.664514


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