Prevalence of Asthma and Allergic Diseases Among Children in Adıyaman, Türkiye: a Cross-sectional Study
Öz
Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of asthma and allergic diseases in school children and adolescents in Adıyaman, Turkey.
Material and Methods: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was completed online by parents of 280 children aged 6–7 years and 163 adolescents aged 13–14 years living in Adıyaman. Additional questions were added to the online survey to determine the prevalence of food and drug allergies.
Results: The prevalence of allergic diseases in the 6–7 and 13–14 age groups were as follows: 23.2% and 18.4% for asthma, 21.4% and 18.4% for allergic rhinitis, 11.4% and 11% for eczema, 10.4% and 8.6% for food allergy, and 8.6% and 3.7% for drug allergy. In the 6–7-year age group, male sex was associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis; cesarean delivery with drug allergy; and fewer siblings with atopic eczema and drug allergy. In the 13–14-year age group, having pets and more siblings were associated with eczema and food allergy, respectively.
Conclusion: This is the first study that demonstrated the prevalence of allergic diseases in Adıyaman province and showed that the overall prevalence of allergic diseases is high in the region.
Anahtar Kelimeler
asthma allergic rhinitis children drug allergy eczema food allergy
Etik Beyan
The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethical Committee (Protocol Number: 2022/3-7) and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Online informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study
Destekleyen Kurum
Funding: none
Teşekkür
We would like to thank Ramazan Aşçı, the Director of Adıyaman Provincial Directorate of National Education, for giving us permission to conduct our study in the schools of Adıyaman. In addition, we would like to thank teacher Mehmet Demir for his help in distributing the questionnaires in the schools.
Kaynakça
- Schuler Iv CF, Montejo JM. Allergic Rhinitis in Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am 2019; 66 5:981-93. google scholar
- Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Global Initiative for Asthma; 2023 google scholar
- Langan SM, Irvine AD, Weidinger S. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet 2020; 396 10247:345-60. google scholar
- Moreno-Lopez S, Perez-Herrera LC, Penaranda D, Hernandez DC, Garcia E, Penaranda A. Prevalence and associated factors of allergic diseases in school children and adolescents aged 6-7 and 13-14 years from two rural areas in Colombia. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2021; 49 3:153-61. google scholar
- Asher MI, Garcia-Marcos L, Pearce NE, Strachan DP. Trends in worldwide asthma prevalence. Eur Respir J 2020; 56 6. google scholar
- Mallol J, Crane J, von Mutius E, Odhiambo J, Keil U, Stewart A, et al. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three: a global synthesis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013; 41 2:73-85. google scholar
- Asher MI, Keil U, Anderson HR, Beasley R, Crane J, Martinez F, et al. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. Eur Respir J 1995; 8 3:483-91. google scholar
- Topal E KF, Türker K, Kutlutürk K, Gözükara Bağ H. The prevalence of allergic diseases and associated risk factors in the 6-7 age children who are living in Malatya, Türkiye. Asthma Allergy Immunol 2017; 15:129-34. google scholar
- Ones U, Akcay A, Tamay Z, Guler N, Zencir M. Rising trend of asthma prevalence among Turkish schoolchildren (ISAAC phases I and III). Allergy 2006; 61 12:1448-53. google scholar
- Yazar B, Meydanlioglu A. The prevalence and associated factors of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in Turkish children and adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57 10:2491-501. google scholar
- Acar S. BKL, Meydan MC., Işık M. İLLERİN VE BÖLGELERİN SOSYOEKONOMİK GELİŞMİŞLİK SIRALAMASI ARAŞTIRMASI SEGE-2017. T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı Kalkınma Ajansları Genel Müdürlüğü; 2017 google scholar
- Ece A, Ceylan A, Saraclar Y, Saka G, Gurkan F, Haspolat K. Prevalence of asthma and other allergic disorders among schoolchildren in Diyarbakir, Turkey. Turk J Pediatr 2001; 43 4:286-92. google scholar
- https://clincalc.com/stats/samplesize.aspx google scholar
- Beken B, Ozturk GK, Aygun FD, Aydogmus C, Akar HH. Asthma and allergic diseases are not risk factors for hospitalization in children with coronavirus disease 2019. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 126 5:569-75. google scholar
- Tamay Z, Akcay A, Ergin A, Guler N. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and risk factors in 6- to 7-yearold children in Istanbul, Turkey. Turk J Pediatr 2014; 56 1:31-40. google scholar
- Anlar FY, Sancak R, Ozturk F. Childhood allergic disorders in Samsun, Turkey: discrepancy between reported and diagnosed. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2006; 17 8:635-8. google scholar
- Akcay A. TZ, Dağdeviren E., Zencir M., Ones U., Guler N. Denizli’deki 6-7 yas okul çocuklarında allerjik hastalıklarının prevalansları. Ege Journal of Medicine 2007; 46(3):145-50. google scholar
- Duksal F, Becerir T, Ergin A, Akcay A, Guler N. The prevalence of asthma diagnosis and symptoms is still increasing in early adolescents in Turkey. Allergol Int 2014; 63 2:189-97. google scholar
- Zeyrek CD, Zeyrek F, Sevinc E, Demir E. Prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in Sanliurfa, Turkey, and the relation to environmental and socioeconomic factors: is the hygiene hypothesis enough? J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2006; 16 5:290-5. google scholar
- Baccioglu A, Sogut A, Kilic O, Beyhun E. The Prevalence of Allergic Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in School-Age Children and Adults in Erzurum, Turkey. Turk Thorac J 2015; 16 2:68-72. google scholar
- Civelek E, Cakir B, Boz AB, Yuksel H, Orhan F, Uner A, et al. Extent and burden of allergic diseases in elementary schoolchildren: a national multicenter study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; 20 4:280-8. google scholar
- Tamay Z, Akcay A, Ones U, Guler N, Kilic G, Zencir M. Prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in primary school children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 71 3:463-71. google scholar
- Guner SN, Gokturk B, Kilic M, Ozkiraz S. The prevalences of allergic diseases in rural and urban areas are similar. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2011; 39 3:140-4. google scholar
- Karaman O, Turgut CS, Uzuner N, Olmez D, Babayigit A, Kose S, et al. The determination of asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and atopy prevalence in 9- to 11-year-old children in the city of Izmir. Allergy Asthma Proc 2006; 27 4:319-24. google scholar
- Mills EN, Mackie AR, Burney P, Beyer K, Frewer L, Madsen C, et al. The prevalence, cost and basis of food allergy across Europe. Allergy 2007; 62 7:717-22. google scholar
- Orhan F, Karakas T, Cakir M, Aksoy A, Baki A, Gedik Y. Prevalence of immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy in 6-9-year-old urban schoolchildren in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39 7:1027-35. google scholar
- Venter C, Pereira B, Voigt K, Grundy J, Clayton CB, Higgins B, et al. Prevalence and cumulative incidence of food hypersensitivity in the first 3 years of life. Allergy 2008; 63 3:354-9. google scholar
- Erkocoglu M, Kaya A, Civelek E, Ozcan C, Cakir B, Akan A, et al. Prevalence of confirmed immediate type drug hypersensitivity reactions among school children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24 2:160-7. google scholar
- Yazıcıoğlu M, Gökmirza Özdemir P. Epidemiyoloji, sınıflandırma ve mekanizmalar. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri, 2021: 1-7. google scholar
- Sultesz M, Horvath A, Molnar D, Katona G, Mezei G, Hirschberg A, et al. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis, related comorbidities and risk factors in schoolchildren. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2020; 16 1:98. google scholar
- Horwood LJ, Fergusson DM, Shannon FT. Social and familial factors in the development of early childhood asthma. Pediatrics 1985; 75 5:859-68. google scholar
- Ren J, Xu J, Zhang P, Bao Y. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asthma in Preschool Children in Shanghai, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:793452. google scholar
- Blazquez AB, Berin MC. Microbiome and food allergy. Transl Res 2017; 179:199-203. google scholar
- Benn CS, Melbye M, Wohlfahrt J, Bjorksten B, Aaby P. Cohort study of sibling effect, infectious diseases, and risk of atopic dermatitis during first 18 months of life. BMJ 2004; 328 7450:1223. google scholar
- Miyashita M, Kikuya M, Yamanaka C, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Sato Y, et al. Eczema and Asthma Symptoms among Schoolchildren in Coastal and Inland Areas after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake: The ToMMo Child Health Study. Tohoku J Exp Med 2015; 237 4:297-305. google scholar
- Ishikuro M, Matsubara H, Kikuya M, Obara T, Sato Y, Metoki H, et al. Disease prevalence among nursery school children after the Great East Japan earthquake. BMJ Glob Health 2017; 2 2:e000127. google scholar
Öz
Amaç: Adıyaman’da okul çağındaki çocuk ve ergenlerde astım ve alerjik hastalıkların prevalansını ve ilişkili risk faktörlerini belirlemeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Uluslararası Çocukluk Çağı Astım ve Alerji Çalışması (ISAAC) anketi Adıyaman’da yaşayan 6-7 yaş arası 280 çocuğun ebeveynleri ve 13-14 yaş arası 163 adölesanların kendileri tarafından online olarak cevaplandı. Bu online ankete besin alerjisi ve ilaç alerjisi prevelanslarını belirlemeye yönelik ek sorular eklendi.
Bulgular: Altı-yedi ve 13-14 yaş gruplarında alerjik hastalık prevalansı sırası ile şu şekilde bulundu: Astım için %23,2 ve %18,4, alerjik rinit için %21,4 ve %18,4, egzama için %11,4 ve %11, besin alerjisi için %10,4 ve %8,6 ve ilaç alerjisi için %8,6 ve %3,7. Altı-yedi yaş grubunda, erkek cinsiyet astım ve alerjik rinit ile; sezaryen doğum ilaç alerjisi ile; daha az kardeş ise atopik egzama ve ilaç alerjisi ile ilişkiliydi. On üç –on dört yaş grubunda evcil hayvan sahibi olmak egzama ile; daha fazla kardeşe sahip olmak besin alerjisi ile ilişkiliydi.
Sonuçlar: Adıyaman ilinde alerjik hastalıkların prevalansını gösteren bu ilk çalışmada, bölgede alerjik hastalıkların genel prevalansının yüksek olduğunu gösterdik.
Anahtar Kelimeler
alerjik rinit astım besin alerjisi çocuk egzama ilaç alerjisi
Kaynakça
- Schuler Iv CF, Montejo JM. Allergic Rhinitis in Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am 2019; 66 5:981-93. google scholar
- Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Global Initiative for Asthma; 2023 google scholar
- Langan SM, Irvine AD, Weidinger S. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet 2020; 396 10247:345-60. google scholar
- Moreno-Lopez S, Perez-Herrera LC, Penaranda D, Hernandez DC, Garcia E, Penaranda A. Prevalence and associated factors of allergic diseases in school children and adolescents aged 6-7 and 13-14 years from two rural areas in Colombia. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2021; 49 3:153-61. google scholar
- Asher MI, Garcia-Marcos L, Pearce NE, Strachan DP. Trends in worldwide asthma prevalence. Eur Respir J 2020; 56 6. google scholar
- Mallol J, Crane J, von Mutius E, Odhiambo J, Keil U, Stewart A, et al. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three: a global synthesis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013; 41 2:73-85. google scholar
- Asher MI, Keil U, Anderson HR, Beasley R, Crane J, Martinez F, et al. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. Eur Respir J 1995; 8 3:483-91. google scholar
- Topal E KF, Türker K, Kutlutürk K, Gözükara Bağ H. The prevalence of allergic diseases and associated risk factors in the 6-7 age children who are living in Malatya, Türkiye. Asthma Allergy Immunol 2017; 15:129-34. google scholar
- Ones U, Akcay A, Tamay Z, Guler N, Zencir M. Rising trend of asthma prevalence among Turkish schoolchildren (ISAAC phases I and III). Allergy 2006; 61 12:1448-53. google scholar
- Yazar B, Meydanlioglu A. The prevalence and associated factors of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in Turkish children and adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57 10:2491-501. google scholar
- Acar S. BKL, Meydan MC., Işık M. İLLERİN VE BÖLGELERİN SOSYOEKONOMİK GELİŞMİŞLİK SIRALAMASI ARAŞTIRMASI SEGE-2017. T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı Kalkınma Ajansları Genel Müdürlüğü; 2017 google scholar
- Ece A, Ceylan A, Saraclar Y, Saka G, Gurkan F, Haspolat K. Prevalence of asthma and other allergic disorders among schoolchildren in Diyarbakir, Turkey. Turk J Pediatr 2001; 43 4:286-92. google scholar
- https://clincalc.com/stats/samplesize.aspx google scholar
- Beken B, Ozturk GK, Aygun FD, Aydogmus C, Akar HH. Asthma and allergic diseases are not risk factors for hospitalization in children with coronavirus disease 2019. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 126 5:569-75. google scholar
- Tamay Z, Akcay A, Ergin A, Guler N. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and risk factors in 6- to 7-yearold children in Istanbul, Turkey. Turk J Pediatr 2014; 56 1:31-40. google scholar
- Anlar FY, Sancak R, Ozturk F. Childhood allergic disorders in Samsun, Turkey: discrepancy between reported and diagnosed. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2006; 17 8:635-8. google scholar
- Akcay A. TZ, Dağdeviren E., Zencir M., Ones U., Guler N. Denizli’deki 6-7 yas okul çocuklarında allerjik hastalıklarının prevalansları. Ege Journal of Medicine 2007; 46(3):145-50. google scholar
- Duksal F, Becerir T, Ergin A, Akcay A, Guler N. The prevalence of asthma diagnosis and symptoms is still increasing in early adolescents in Turkey. Allergol Int 2014; 63 2:189-97. google scholar
- Zeyrek CD, Zeyrek F, Sevinc E, Demir E. Prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in Sanliurfa, Turkey, and the relation to environmental and socioeconomic factors: is the hygiene hypothesis enough? J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2006; 16 5:290-5. google scholar
- Baccioglu A, Sogut A, Kilic O, Beyhun E. The Prevalence of Allergic Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in School-Age Children and Adults in Erzurum, Turkey. Turk Thorac J 2015; 16 2:68-72. google scholar
- Civelek E, Cakir B, Boz AB, Yuksel H, Orhan F, Uner A, et al. Extent and burden of allergic diseases in elementary schoolchildren: a national multicenter study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; 20 4:280-8. google scholar
- Tamay Z, Akcay A, Ones U, Guler N, Kilic G, Zencir M. Prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in primary school children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 71 3:463-71. google scholar
- Guner SN, Gokturk B, Kilic M, Ozkiraz S. The prevalences of allergic diseases in rural and urban areas are similar. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2011; 39 3:140-4. google scholar
- Karaman O, Turgut CS, Uzuner N, Olmez D, Babayigit A, Kose S, et al. The determination of asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and atopy prevalence in 9- to 11-year-old children in the city of Izmir. Allergy Asthma Proc 2006; 27 4:319-24. google scholar
- Mills EN, Mackie AR, Burney P, Beyer K, Frewer L, Madsen C, et al. The prevalence, cost and basis of food allergy across Europe. Allergy 2007; 62 7:717-22. google scholar
- Orhan F, Karakas T, Cakir M, Aksoy A, Baki A, Gedik Y. Prevalence of immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy in 6-9-year-old urban schoolchildren in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39 7:1027-35. google scholar
- Venter C, Pereira B, Voigt K, Grundy J, Clayton CB, Higgins B, et al. Prevalence and cumulative incidence of food hypersensitivity in the first 3 years of life. Allergy 2008; 63 3:354-9. google scholar
- Erkocoglu M, Kaya A, Civelek E, Ozcan C, Cakir B, Akan A, et al. Prevalence of confirmed immediate type drug hypersensitivity reactions among school children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24 2:160-7. google scholar
- Yazıcıoğlu M, Gökmirza Özdemir P. Epidemiyoloji, sınıflandırma ve mekanizmalar. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri, 2021: 1-7. google scholar
- Sultesz M, Horvath A, Molnar D, Katona G, Mezei G, Hirschberg A, et al. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis, related comorbidities and risk factors in schoolchildren. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2020; 16 1:98. google scholar
- Horwood LJ, Fergusson DM, Shannon FT. Social and familial factors in the development of early childhood asthma. Pediatrics 1985; 75 5:859-68. google scholar
- Ren J, Xu J, Zhang P, Bao Y. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asthma in Preschool Children in Shanghai, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:793452. google scholar
- Blazquez AB, Berin MC. Microbiome and food allergy. Transl Res 2017; 179:199-203. google scholar
- Benn CS, Melbye M, Wohlfahrt J, Bjorksten B, Aaby P. Cohort study of sibling effect, infectious diseases, and risk of atopic dermatitis during first 18 months of life. BMJ 2004; 328 7450:1223. google scholar
- Miyashita M, Kikuya M, Yamanaka C, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Sato Y, et al. Eczema and Asthma Symptoms among Schoolchildren in Coastal and Inland Areas after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake: The ToMMo Child Health Study. Tohoku J Exp Med 2015; 237 4:297-305. google scholar
- Ishikuro M, Matsubara H, Kikuya M, Obara T, Sato Y, Metoki H, et al. Disease prevalence among nursery school children after the Great East Japan earthquake. BMJ Glob Health 2017; 2 2:e000127. google scholar
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 24 Ekim 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3 |
