Öz
Objective: Superficial fungal infections are one of the common skin diseases. Zinc and copper are essential elements for humans, and concentrations of these trace elements may vary in various inflammatory conditions. Our aim in this study is to measure serum zinc and copper levels in patients with superficial fungal infection and to evaluate its relationship with clinical types of the disease.
Materials and Methods: This study included 81 patients diagnosed with superficial fungal infection (tinea capitis, faciei, pedis, unguim, corporis, and versicolor) who applied to the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University. Serum zinc and copper levels were measured in all patients.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 36.68 ± 17.12, and 54 (66.6%) of patients were male and 27 (33.3%) were female. There were tinea versicolor in 32 (39.5%) of the patients and other dermatophytosis infections (tinea capitis, faciei, pedis, unguium and corporis) in 49 (60.5%) of the patients. The mean serum zinc levels of the patients were determined close to the lower limit of the normal reference range with 11.41 ± 2.07 µmol / L, but zinc and copper levels were within the normal reference range (normal reference values of zinc and copper; 11-19.5 µmol / L, 80-155 µg / dL, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in zinc and copper levels between patients with tinea versicolor and patients with other dermatophyte infections (p = 0.348, p = 0.173, respectively). In addition, there was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels and age, serum copper levels showed a statistically significant negative relationship with male sex and smoking (r = -0.359, p = 0.001; r = -0.343, p = 0.002, r = -0.283 , p = 0.033, respectively).
Discussion: In our study, the majority of patients with superficial fungal infections were men. It was determined that the frequency of dermatophyte infections increased as the mean age of the patients increased. Although serum zinc and copper levels measured in patients were within the normal reference range, especially zinc levels were close to the lower limit of reference values. In addition, it was observed that various factors such as age, gender and smoking affect zinc and copper levels. As a result of these data, we think that irregularities in serum zinc and copper levels may predispose to the development of fungal infections.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Copper Dermatophytosis Superficial fungal infections Trace elements Zinc
Kaynakça
- Referans1 Ameen, M., Epidemiology of superficial fungal infections. Clin Dermatol, 2010. 28(2): p. 197-201.
- Referans2 Silva-Rocha, W.P., M.F. de Azevedo, and G.M. Chaves, Epidemiology and fungal species distribution of superficial mycoses in Northeast Brazil. J Mycol Med, 2017. 27(1): p. 57-64.
- Referans3 Nenoff, P., et al., Mycology - an update. Part 1: Dermatomycoses: causative agents, epidemiology and pathogenesis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges, 2014. 12(3): p. 188-209; quiz 210, 188-211; quiz 212.
- Referans4 Metintas, S., et al., Frequency and risk factors of dermatophytosis in students living in rural areas in Eskişehir, Turkey. Mycopathologia, 2004. 157(4): p. 379-82.
- Referans5 Chan, S., B. Gerson, and S. Subramaniam, The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med, 1998. 18(4): p. 673-85.
- Referans6 Ozturk, P., E. Belge Kurutas, and A. Ataseven, Copper/zinc and copper/selenium ratios, and oxidative stress as biochemical markers in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2013. 27(4): p. 312-6.
- Referans7 Al-Qudah, K.M., A.A. Gharaibeh, and M.M. Al-Shyyab, Trace minerals status and antioxidant enzymes activities in calves with dermatophytosis. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2010. 136(1): p. 40-7.
- Referans8 Miraloglu, M., et al., Evaluation of local trace element status and 8-Iso-prostaglandin F2α concentrations in patients with Tinea pedis. Biol Proced Online, 2016. 18: p. 1.
- Referans9 Zhan, P. and W. Liu, The Changing Face of Dermatophytic Infections Worldwide. Mycopathologia, 2017. 182(1-2): p. 77-86.
- Referans10 Rezabek, G.H. and A.D. Friedman, Superficial fungal infections of the skin. Diagnosis and current treatment recommendations. Drugs, 1992. 43(5): p. 674-82.
- Referans11 Asticcioli, S., et al., Dermatophyte infections in patients attending a tertiary care hospital in northern Italy. New Microbiol, 2008. 31(4): p. 543-8.
- Referans12 Glutsch, V., H. Hamm, and M. Goebeler, Zinc and skin: an update. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges, 2019. 17(6): p. 589-596.
- Referans13 Ogawa, Y., T. Kawamura, and S. Shimada, Zinc and skin biology. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2016. 611: p. 113-119.
- Referans14 Gao, H., et al., The Role of Zinc and Zinc Homeostasis in Macrophage Function. J Immunol Res, 2018. 2018: p. 6872621.
- Referans15 Shankar, A.H. and A.S. Prasad, Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr, 1998. 68(2 Suppl): p. 447s-463s.
- Referans16 Ogawa, Y., et al., Zinc and Skin Disorders. Nutrients, 2018. 10(2).
- Referans17 Toyran, M., et al., Trace element levels in children with atopic dermatitis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol, 2012. 22(5): p. 341-4.
- Referans18 Zhang, H.Q., et al., Serum zinc, copper, and zinc/copper in healthy residents of Jinan. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2009. 131(1): p. 25-32.
- Referans19 Beigh, S.A., et al., Evaluation of trace elements, oxidant/antioxidant status, vitamin C and β-carotene in dogs with dermatophytosis. Mycoses, 2014. 57(6): p. 358-65.
- Referans20 Spacek, J., et al., The serum levels of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis during attack, remission and in healthy controls. Mycoses, 2005. 48(6): p. 391-5.
Öz
Amaç: Yüzeyel mantar hastalıkları sık karşılaşılan deri hastalıklarından biridir. Çinko ve bakır insanlar için esansiyel elementlerdir ve çeşitli inflamatuvar durumlarda bu eser elementlerin konsantrasyonları değişebilir. Bu çalışmada amacımız yüzeyel mantar enfeksiyonu olan hastalarda serum çinko ve bakır düzeyinin ölçmek ve bunun hastalığın klinik tipleri ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir.
Materyal-Metod: Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Deri ve Zührevi Hastalıklar bölümüne başvuran yüzeyel mantar enfeksiyonu tanısı alan (tinea capitis, fascie, pedis, unguim, corporis ve versicolor) 81 hasta dahil edildi. Tüm hastalarda serum çinko ve bakır düzeyleri ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Çalışmada hastaların yaş ortalaması 36,68±17,12 olup, 54’ü (%66,6) erkek ve 27’si (%33,3) kadındı. Hastaların 32’sinde (%39,5) tinea versikolor, 49’unda (%60,5) diğer dermatofitoz enfeksiyonları (tinea capitis, fascie, pedis, unguim ve corporis ) mevcuttu. Hastaların ortalama serum Zn düzeyleri 11,41±2,07 µmol/L ile normal referans aralığının alt sınırına yakın saptandı ancak çinko ve bakır düzeyleri normal referans aralığında (çinko ve bakırın normal referans değerleri; sırasıyla 11-19,5 µmol/L, 80-155 µg/dL) idi. Tinea versikoloru olan ve diğer dermatofit enfeksiyonu olan hastalar arasında çinko ve bakır düzeyi açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık izlenmedi (sırasıyla p=0,348, p=0,173). Ayrıca serum çinko düzeyleri ile yaş arasında negatif korelasyon, serum bakır düzeyleri erkek cinsiyette ve sigara kullanımı ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı negatif ilişki saptandı (sırasıyla r=-0,359, p=0,001; r=-0,343, p=0,002; r=-0,238, p=0,033).
Tartışma: Çalışmamızda yüzeyel mantar enfeksiyonu olan hastaların çoğunluğunu erkekler oluşturmaktaydı. Hastaların yaş ortalaması arttıkça dermatofit enfeksiyonlarının görülme sıklığında artış olduğu tesbit edildi. Her ne kadar hastalarda ölçülen serum çinko ve bakır düzeyleri normal referans aralığında olsa da özellikle çinko düzeyleri referans değerlerinin alt sınırına yakındı. Ayrıca yaş, cinsiyet ve sigara gibi çeşitli faktörlerin çinko ve bakır düzeylerini etkilediği gözlendi. Bu veriler sonucunda serum çinko ve bakır düzeylerindeki düzensizliklerin mantar enfeksiyonlarına yatkınlık oluşturabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bakır Çinko Dermatofitozis Eser element Yüzeyel mantar enfeksiyonları
Kaynakça
- Referans1 Ameen, M., Epidemiology of superficial fungal infections. Clin Dermatol, 2010. 28(2): p. 197-201.
- Referans2 Silva-Rocha, W.P., M.F. de Azevedo, and G.M. Chaves, Epidemiology and fungal species distribution of superficial mycoses in Northeast Brazil. J Mycol Med, 2017. 27(1): p. 57-64.
- Referans3 Nenoff, P., et al., Mycology - an update. Part 1: Dermatomycoses: causative agents, epidemiology and pathogenesis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges, 2014. 12(3): p. 188-209; quiz 210, 188-211; quiz 212.
- Referans4 Metintas, S., et al., Frequency and risk factors of dermatophytosis in students living in rural areas in Eskişehir, Turkey. Mycopathologia, 2004. 157(4): p. 379-82.
- Referans5 Chan, S., B. Gerson, and S. Subramaniam, The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med, 1998. 18(4): p. 673-85.
- Referans6 Ozturk, P., E. Belge Kurutas, and A. Ataseven, Copper/zinc and copper/selenium ratios, and oxidative stress as biochemical markers in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2013. 27(4): p. 312-6.
- Referans7 Al-Qudah, K.M., A.A. Gharaibeh, and M.M. Al-Shyyab, Trace minerals status and antioxidant enzymes activities in calves with dermatophytosis. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2010. 136(1): p. 40-7.
- Referans8 Miraloglu, M., et al., Evaluation of local trace element status and 8-Iso-prostaglandin F2α concentrations in patients with Tinea pedis. Biol Proced Online, 2016. 18: p. 1.
- Referans9 Zhan, P. and W. Liu, The Changing Face of Dermatophytic Infections Worldwide. Mycopathologia, 2017. 182(1-2): p. 77-86.
- Referans10 Rezabek, G.H. and A.D. Friedman, Superficial fungal infections of the skin. Diagnosis and current treatment recommendations. Drugs, 1992. 43(5): p. 674-82.
- Referans11 Asticcioli, S., et al., Dermatophyte infections in patients attending a tertiary care hospital in northern Italy. New Microbiol, 2008. 31(4): p. 543-8.
- Referans12 Glutsch, V., H. Hamm, and M. Goebeler, Zinc and skin: an update. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges, 2019. 17(6): p. 589-596.
- Referans13 Ogawa, Y., T. Kawamura, and S. Shimada, Zinc and skin biology. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2016. 611: p. 113-119.
- Referans14 Gao, H., et al., The Role of Zinc and Zinc Homeostasis in Macrophage Function. J Immunol Res, 2018. 2018: p. 6872621.
- Referans15 Shankar, A.H. and A.S. Prasad, Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr, 1998. 68(2 Suppl): p. 447s-463s.
- Referans16 Ogawa, Y., et al., Zinc and Skin Disorders. Nutrients, 2018. 10(2).
- Referans17 Toyran, M., et al., Trace element levels in children with atopic dermatitis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol, 2012. 22(5): p. 341-4.
- Referans18 Zhang, H.Q., et al., Serum zinc, copper, and zinc/copper in healthy residents of Jinan. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2009. 131(1): p. 25-32.
- Referans19 Beigh, S.A., et al., Evaluation of trace elements, oxidant/antioxidant status, vitamin C and β-carotene in dogs with dermatophytosis. Mycoses, 2014. 57(6): p. 358-65.
- Referans20 Spacek, J., et al., The serum levels of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis during attack, remission and in healthy controls. Mycoses, 2005. 48(6): p. 391-5.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Orjinal Araştırma |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Eylül 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 24 Eylül 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3 |