Elit sporcularda anaerobik kapasite, anaerobik güç, yorgunluk indeksi ve fonksiyonel performansın karşılaştırılması
Öz
Amaç: Wingate anaerobik güç testi (WAGT) ve dikey sıçrama testleri (DST) elit sporcularda kısa süreli kas gücünü değerlendirmek için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak dört farklı branştan (voleybol, badminton, halter, tekvando) elit sporcularda WAGT ve DST sonuçlarındaki farklılıklar henüz bilinmemektedir. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada dört farklı branştan elit sporcularda WAGT ve DST sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya voleybol (n=16), badminton (n=19), halter (n=16) ve tekvando (n=17) branşlarından elit sporcular dahil edildi. Anaerobik zirve güç, anaerobik ortalama güç ve yorgunluk indeksi değerleri bisiklet ergometresinde (Monark 834 E, İsveç) 30 sn. WAGT ile ölçüldü. Sporcuların fonksiyonel performansları DST ile Optojump Next® cihazı (Microgate, Bolzano, İtalya) kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Vücut ağırlığı ve skuat sıçrama güç değerleri gruplar arasında benzerdi (p>0,05). Voleybol branşındaki sporcularda anaerobik zirve güç (1-β=0,99), anaerobik ortalama güç (1-β=0,89) ve aktif sıçrama güç değerleri; badminton branşındaki sporcularda yaş ve yorgunluk indeksi değerleri ve halter branşındaki sporcularda boy uzunluğu değeri diğer branşlara göre daha düşüktü (p<0,05). Ayrıca halter branşındaki sporcularda vücut kütle indeksi ve yorgunluk indeksi değerleri diğer branşlara göre daha yüksek idi (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Voleybol, badminton, halter ve tekvando spor branşlarındaki elit yetişkin sporcuların kısa süreli maksimal anaerobik efora gösterdikleri kassal maksimal güç, dayanıklılık, yorgunluk yanıtı ve fonksiyonel performansları branşlara göre önemli farklılıklar göstermektedir. Elit sporcularda spora özel en iyi performansı elde edebilmek için anaerobik güç ve fonksiyonel performans WAGT ve DST ile düzenli olarak takip edilmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Fiziksel Fonksiyonel Performans Spor Sporcu Voleybol Yorgunluk
Destekleyen Kurum
yok
Proje Numarası
yok
Kaynakça
- 1. Schlüter-Brust K, Leistenschneider P, Dargel J, et al. Acute injuries in Taekwondo. Int J Sports Med. 2011;32:629-634.
- 2. Tel M. Bir spor dalı olarak taekwondo. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy Health Sciences. 2008;3:194-202.
- 3. Heller J, Peric T, Dlouhá R, et al. Physiological profiles of male and female taekwon-do (ITF) black belts. J Sports Sci. 1998;16:243-249.
- 4. Boyalı E, Görücü A, Çakmakçı E. Kuvvet antrenmanlarının 18–22 yaş erkek taekwondocularda anaerobik güce etkisi. S.Ü. BES Bilim Dergisi. 2008;10:36-44.
- 5. Bompa TO, Buzzichelli CA. Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Training. United States: Human kinetics; 2018.
- 6. Koç H, Aslan CS. Erkek hentbol ve voleybol sporcularının seçilmiş fiziksel ve motorik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi. 2010;12:227-231.
- 7. Şimşek B, Tuncel F, Ertan H, et al. Farklı lig kategorilerindeki bayan voleybol oyuncularının seçilmiş fiziksel uygunluk parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi (Gazi BESBD). 2005;3:29-38.
- 8. Phomsoupha M, Laffaye G. The science of badminton: game characteristics, anthropometry, physiology, visual fitness and biomechanics. Sports Med. 2015;45:473-495.
- 9. Nikolaidis PT, Afonso J, Clemente-Suarez VJ, et al. Vertical Jumping Tests versus Wingate Anaerobic Test in Female Volleyball Players: The Role of Age. Sports. 2016;4:9.
- 10. Petr M, Stastny P, Pecha O, et al. PPARA intron polymorphism associated with power performance in 30-s anaerobic Wingate Test. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107171.
- 11. Glatthorn JF, Gouge S, Nussbaumer S, et al. Validity and reliability of Optojump photoelectric cells for estimating vertical jump height. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:556-560.
- 12. Sattler T, Sekulic D, Hadzic V, et al. Vertical jumping tests in volleyball: reliability, validity, and playing-position specifics. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26:1532-1538.
- 13. Nikolaidis PT, Gkoudas K, Afonso J, et al. Who jumps the highest? Anthropometric and physiological correlations of vertical jump in youth elite female volleyball players. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. 2017;57:802-810.
- 14. Krawczyk M, Pociecha M, Kozioł P, et al. Jumping Test for Assessing Peak Power in Female Volleyball and Football Players. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal. 2021;29:87-94.
- 15. Baker UC, Heath EM, Smith DR, et al. Development of Wingate Anaerobic Test Norms for Highly-Trained Women. Journal of Exercise physiology online. 2011;14:68-79.
- 16. Küçükkubaş N, Günay A, Löklüoğlu B, et al. Relationship between body composition, vertical jump, 30m sprint, static strength and anaerobic power for athletes. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences-IJSETS. 2019;5:68-78.
- 17. Krishnan A, Sharma D, Bhatt M, et al. Comparison between Standing Broad Jump test and Wingate test for assessing lower limb anaerobic power in elite sportsmen. Medical Journal Armed Forces India. 2017;73:140-145.
- 18. Ulupınar S, İnce İ. Prediction of competition performance via commonly used strength-power tests in junior female weightlifters. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 2021;29:309-317.
- 19. Alp M, Gorur B. Comparison of Explosive Strength and Anaerobic Power Performance of Taekwondo and Karate Athletes. Journal of Education and Learning. 2020;9:149-155.
- 20. Yaprak Y. A comparison of anaerobic performance of sub-elite tennis and badminton players. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2020;6:157-167.
- 21. Bar-Or O. The Wingate anaerobic test. An update on methodology, reliability and validity. Sports Med. 1987;4:381-94.
- 22. Koşar ŞN, Hazır T. Wingate anaerobik güç testinin güvenirliği. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 1994;7:21-30.
- 23. Bediz CŞ, Gökbel H. Wingate test. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi. 1994;29:119-134.
- 24. Glatthorn JF, Gouge S, Nussbaumer S, et al. Validity and reliability of Optojump photoelectric cells for estimating vertical jump height. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:556-560.
- 25. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, et al. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 2007;39:175-191.
- 26. Özder A, Gültekin T, Koca B, et al. Elit erkek sporcularda vücut oranlarının karşılaştırılması. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2003;1:63-67.
- 27. Gore CJ. Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics; 2000.
Comparison of anaerobic capacity, anaerobic power, fatigue index and functional performance in elite athletes
Öz
Purpose: Wingate anaerobic power test (WAPT) and vertical jump tests (VJT) are widely used to evaluate short-term muscle power in elite athletes. However, the differences in WAPT and VJT results in elite athletes from four different branches (volleyball, badminton, weightlifting, taekwondo) are not yet known. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare WAPT and VJT results in elite athletes from four different branches.
Methods: Elite athletes from volleyball (n=16), badminton (n=19), weightlifting (n=16) and taekwondo (n=17) branches were included in the study. Anaerobic peak power, anaerobic average power and fatigue index values were measured using 30 sec. WAPT on a bicycle ergometer (Monark 834 E, Sweden). The functional performances of the athletes were evaluated with VJT by using Optojump Next® machine (Microgate, Bolzano, Italy).
Results: Body weight and squat jump power values were similar between the groups (p>0.05). Anaerobic peak power (1- β=0.99), anaerobic average power (1-β=0.89) and active jump power values of athletes in volleyball; age and fatigue index values of athletes in badminton and height value of athletes in weightlifting were lower compared to other branches (p<0.05). In addition, body mass index and fatigue index values of athletes in weightlifting were higher than the other branches (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The muscular maximal power, endurance, fatigue response shown to short-term maximal anaerobic effort and functional performances of the elite adult athletes in volleyball, badminton, weightlifting, and taekwondo sports branches show substantial differences according to the branches. Anaerobic and functional performance should be followed-up regularly with WAPT and VJT to achieve the best performance specific to sports in elite athletes.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Physical Functional Performance Sport Athlete Volleyball Fatigue
Proje Numarası
yok
Kaynakça
- 1. Schlüter-Brust K, Leistenschneider P, Dargel J, et al. Acute injuries in Taekwondo. Int J Sports Med. 2011;32:629-634.
- 2. Tel M. Bir spor dalı olarak taekwondo. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy Health Sciences. 2008;3:194-202.
- 3. Heller J, Peric T, Dlouhá R, et al. Physiological profiles of male and female taekwon-do (ITF) black belts. J Sports Sci. 1998;16:243-249.
- 4. Boyalı E, Görücü A, Çakmakçı E. Kuvvet antrenmanlarının 18–22 yaş erkek taekwondocularda anaerobik güce etkisi. S.Ü. BES Bilim Dergisi. 2008;10:36-44.
- 5. Bompa TO, Buzzichelli CA. Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Training. United States: Human kinetics; 2018.
- 6. Koç H, Aslan CS. Erkek hentbol ve voleybol sporcularının seçilmiş fiziksel ve motorik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi. 2010;12:227-231.
- 7. Şimşek B, Tuncel F, Ertan H, et al. Farklı lig kategorilerindeki bayan voleybol oyuncularının seçilmiş fiziksel uygunluk parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi (Gazi BESBD). 2005;3:29-38.
- 8. Phomsoupha M, Laffaye G. The science of badminton: game characteristics, anthropometry, physiology, visual fitness and biomechanics. Sports Med. 2015;45:473-495.
- 9. Nikolaidis PT, Afonso J, Clemente-Suarez VJ, et al. Vertical Jumping Tests versus Wingate Anaerobic Test in Female Volleyball Players: The Role of Age. Sports. 2016;4:9.
- 10. Petr M, Stastny P, Pecha O, et al. PPARA intron polymorphism associated with power performance in 30-s anaerobic Wingate Test. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107171.
- 11. Glatthorn JF, Gouge S, Nussbaumer S, et al. Validity and reliability of Optojump photoelectric cells for estimating vertical jump height. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:556-560.
- 12. Sattler T, Sekulic D, Hadzic V, et al. Vertical jumping tests in volleyball: reliability, validity, and playing-position specifics. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26:1532-1538.
- 13. Nikolaidis PT, Gkoudas K, Afonso J, et al. Who jumps the highest? Anthropometric and physiological correlations of vertical jump in youth elite female volleyball players. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. 2017;57:802-810.
- 14. Krawczyk M, Pociecha M, Kozioł P, et al. Jumping Test for Assessing Peak Power in Female Volleyball and Football Players. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal. 2021;29:87-94.
- 15. Baker UC, Heath EM, Smith DR, et al. Development of Wingate Anaerobic Test Norms for Highly-Trained Women. Journal of Exercise physiology online. 2011;14:68-79.
- 16. Küçükkubaş N, Günay A, Löklüoğlu B, et al. Relationship between body composition, vertical jump, 30m sprint, static strength and anaerobic power for athletes. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences-IJSETS. 2019;5:68-78.
- 17. Krishnan A, Sharma D, Bhatt M, et al. Comparison between Standing Broad Jump test and Wingate test for assessing lower limb anaerobic power in elite sportsmen. Medical Journal Armed Forces India. 2017;73:140-145.
- 18. Ulupınar S, İnce İ. Prediction of competition performance via commonly used strength-power tests in junior female weightlifters. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 2021;29:309-317.
- 19. Alp M, Gorur B. Comparison of Explosive Strength and Anaerobic Power Performance of Taekwondo and Karate Athletes. Journal of Education and Learning. 2020;9:149-155.
- 20. Yaprak Y. A comparison of anaerobic performance of sub-elite tennis and badminton players. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2020;6:157-167.
- 21. Bar-Or O. The Wingate anaerobic test. An update on methodology, reliability and validity. Sports Med. 1987;4:381-94.
- 22. Koşar ŞN, Hazır T. Wingate anaerobik güç testinin güvenirliği. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 1994;7:21-30.
- 23. Bediz CŞ, Gökbel H. Wingate test. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi. 1994;29:119-134.
- 24. Glatthorn JF, Gouge S, Nussbaumer S, et al. Validity and reliability of Optojump photoelectric cells for estimating vertical jump height. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:556-560.
- 25. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, et al. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 2007;39:175-191.
- 26. Özder A, Gültekin T, Koca B, et al. Elit erkek sporcularda vücut oranlarının karşılaştırılması. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2003;1:63-67.
- 27. Gore CJ. Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics; 2000.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | yok |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 6 Haziran 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1 |
