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PARKİNSON HASTALIĞI TEDAVİSİNDE KULLANILAN FENİLALANİN HİDROKSİLAZ İNHİBİTÖRÜ İLE İLİŞKİLİ BİLEŞİKLERE İLİŞKİN İN SİLİKO YAKLAŞIMLAR

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 48 Sayı: 2, 513 - 524

Hatice Akkaya Engin Sümer

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1380350

Öz

Amaç: Parkinson hastalığında, Levodopa ile Carbidopa kullanılarak dopamin eksikliği ele alınır. Fenilalanin hidroksilaz, dopamin sentezi için önemli olan fenilalanin'in tirozin'e dönüşümünü katalizler. Fenilalanin hidroksilaz'ın inhibe edilmesi, periferik dopamin sentezini engelleyerek Carbidopa'nın etkilerini artırabilir. Çalışmada, fenilalanin hidroksilazın Carbidopa ve benzeri ligandlarla etkileşimlerini araştırmak için sanal tarama, moleküler bağlanma ve dinamik simulasyon kullanıldı. ADME/T değerlendirmeleri ve ilaç benzerlik testleri biyolojik sistemlerdeki terapötik potansiyeli değerlendirmek amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: PubChem veritabanından elde edilen yapılar ve insan fenialanin hidroksilaz (PDB Kimlik Numarası: 6PAH) üzerinde bir moleküler bağlanma çalışması, Autodock Vina'nın Chimera 1.16 içinde kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Ayrıca, ligandlar ilaç geliştirme sürecinde önemli bir aşama olan ADME/T analizlerine tabi tutuldu.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Çalışma, 2-(2-Aminohydrazinyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid'in Parkinson hastalığının tedavisinde fenilalanin hidroksilaz inhibitörü olarak umut vadettiğini öne sürüyor. Ancak, özellikle ekstraserebral bölgelerde güvenlik, etkinlik ve özgünlük değerlendirmek için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç olduğunu ve aynı zamanda Levadopa/Carbidopa kombinasyon tedavisinin etkinliğini artırma potansiyelini keşfetmenin önemli olduğunu belirtiyor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fenilalanin hidroksilaz ilaç geliştirme inhibitör in siliko Parkinson hastalığı

Kaynakça

  • 1. Gümüş, M., Babacan, Ş.N., Demir, Y., Sert, Y., Koca, İ., Gülçin, İ. (2022). Discovery of sulfadrug-pyrrole conjugates as carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Archiv der Pharmazie. 355(1), e2100242. [CrossRef]
  • 2. Reich, S.G., Savitt, J.M. (2019). Parkinson’s's Disease. The Medical Clinics of North America, 103(2), 337-350. [CrossRef]
  • 3. Hoehn, M.M., Yahr, M.D. (1967). Parkinson’sism: Onset, progression and mortality. Neurology, 17(5), 427-442. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Cotzias, G.C., Papavasiliou, P.S., Gellene, R. (1969). Modification of Parkinson’sism-chronic treatment with L-dopa. The New England Journal of Medicine, 280(7), 337-345. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Matarazzo, M., Perez-Soriano, A., Stoessl, A.J. (2018). Dyskinesias and levodopa therapy: Why wait? Journal of Neural TransmissionVienna, Austria: 1996, 125(8), 1119-1130. [CrossRef]
  • 6. Yee, R.E., Cheng, D.W., Huang, S.C., Namavari, M., Satyamurthy, N., Barrio, J.R. (2001). Blood-brain barrier and neuronal membrane transport of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA. Biochemical Pharmacology, 62(10), 1409-1415. [CrossRef]
  • 7. Daidone, F., Montioli, R., Paiardini, A., Cellini, B., Macchiarulo, A., Giardina, G., Bossa, F., Borri Voltattorni, C. (2012). Identification by virtual screening and in vitro testing of human DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors. PloS one, 7(2), e31610. [CrossRef]
  • 8. Hoy, S.M. (2019). Levodopa/Carbidopa enteral suspension: A review in advanced Parkinson’s Disease. Drugs, 79(15), 1709-1718. [CrossRef]
  • 9. Armstrong, M.J., Okun, M.S. (2020). Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease: A review. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(6), 548-560. [CrossRef]
  • 10. Lees, A., Tolosa, E., Stocchi, F., Ferreira, J.J., Rascol, O., Antonini, A., Poewe, W. (2023). Optimizing levodopa therapy, when and how? Perspectives on the importance of delivery and the potential for an early combination approach. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 23(1), 15-24. [CrossRef]
  • 11. Müller, T. (2020). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levodopa/carbidopa cotherapies for Parkinson’s's disease. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism Toxicology 16(5), 403-414. [CrossRef]
  • 12. Masood, N., Jimenez-Shahed, J. (2023). Effective management of "OFF" episodes in Parkinson’s's Disease: Emerging treatment strategies and unmet clinical needs. Neuropsychiatric Disease Treatment, 19, 247-266. [CrossRef]
  • 13. Antonini, A., Odin, P., Pahwa, R., Aldred, J., Alobaidi, A., Jalundhwala, Y.J., Kukreja, P., Bergmann, L., Inguva, S., Bao, Y., Chaudhuri, K.R. (2021). The long-term impact of Levodopa/Carbidopa intestinal gel on 'off'-time in patients with advanced Parkinson’s's Disease: A systematic review. Advances in Theraphy, 38(6), 2854-2890. [CrossRef]
  • 14. Kwon, D.K., Kwatra, M., Wang, J., Ko, H.S. (2022). Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in parkinson’s's disease: Pathogenesis and emerging treatment strategies. Cells. 11(23), 3736. [CrossRef]
  • 15. Senek, M., Nielsen, E.I., Nyholm, D. (2017). Levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel in Parkinson’s's disease: A randomized crossover study. Movement disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 32(2), 283–286. [CrossRef]
  • 16. Fitzpatrick P.F. (1999). Tetrahydropterin-dependent amino acid hydroxylases. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 68, 355–381. [CrossRef]
  • 17. Zurflüh, M.R., Zschocke, J., Lindner, M., Feillet, F., Chery, C., Burlina, A., Stevens, R.C., Thöny, B., Blau, N. (2008). Molecular genetics of tetrahydrobiopterin-responsive phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. Human Mutation, 29(1), 167-175. [CrossRef]
  • 18. Butt, S.S., Badshah, Y., Shabbir, M., Rafiq, M. (2020). Molecular docking using chimera and autodock vina software for nonbioinformaticians. JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, 1(1), e14232. [CrossRef]
  • 19. Kelleci Çelik, F., Karaduman, G. (2023). In silico QSAR modeling to predict the safe use of antibiotics during pregnancy. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 46(5), 962-971. [CrossRef]
  • 20. Kalay, Ş., Akkaya, H. (2023). Molecular modelling of some ligands against acetylcholinesterase to treat Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal Research in Pharmacy, 27(6), 2199-2209. [CrossRef]
  • 21. Al-Shabib, N.A., Khan, J.M., Malik, A., Alsenaidy, M.A., Rehman, M.T., AlAjmi, M.F., Alsenaidy, A.M., Husain, F.M., Khan, R.H. (2018). Molecular insight into binding behavior of polyphenol (rutin) with beta lactoglobulin: Spectroscopic, molecular docking and MD simulation studies. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 269, 511-520. [CrossRef]
  • 22. Daina, A., Michielin, O., Zoete, V. (2017). SwissADME: A free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules. Scientific Reports, 7, 42717. [CrossRef]
  • 23. Cheng, F., Li, W., Zhou, Y., Shen, J., Wu, Z., Liu, G., Lee, P.W., Tang, Y. (2012). admetSAR: A comprehensive source and free tool for assessment of chemical ADMET properties. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 52(11), 3099-3105. [CrossRef]
  • 24. Pettersen, E.F., Goddard, T.D., Huang, C.C., Couch, G. ., Greenblatt, D.M., Meng, E.C., Ferrin, T. E. (2004). UCSF Chimera-a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 25(13), 1605-1612. [CrossRef]
  • 25. Goddard, T.D., Huang, C.C., Ferrin, T.E. (2007). Visualizing density maps with UCSF Chimera. Journal of Structural Biology, 157(1), 281-287. [CrossRef]
  • 26. Del Águila Conde, M., Febbraio, F. (2022). Risk assessment of honey bee stressors based on in silico analysis of molecular interactions. EFSA Journal, 20(S2), e200912. [CrossRef]
  • 27. Chen, X., Li, H., Tian, L., Li, Q., Luo, J., Zhang, Y. (2020). Analysis of the physicochemical properties of acaricides based on lipinski's rule of five. Journal of Computational Biology, 27(9), 1397-1406. [CrossRef]
  • 28. Sandeep, G., Nagasree, K.P., Hanisha, M., Kumar, M.M. (2011). AUDocker LE: A GUI for virtual screening with AUTODOCK Vina. BMC Research Notes, 4, 445. [CrossRef]
  • 29. Ferreira, L.G., Dos Santos, R.N., Oliva, G., Andricopulo, A.D. (2015). Molecular docking and structure-based drug design strategies. Molecules, 20(7), 13384-13421. [CrossRef]
  • 30. Adasme, M.F., Linnemann, K.L., Bolz, S.N., Kaiser, F., Salentin, S., Haupt, V.J., Schroeder, M. (2021). PLIP 2021: Expanding the scope of the protein-ligand interaction profiler to DNA and RNA. Nucleic Acids Research, 49(W1), W530-W534. [CrossRef]
  • 31. Kremer, J.R., Mastronarde, D.N., McIntosh, J.R. (1996). Computer visualization of three-dimensional image data using IMOD. Journal of Structural Biology, 116(1), 71-76. [CrossRef]
  • 32. Sumera, A.F., Waseem, M., Fatima, A., Malik, N., Ali, A., Zahid, S. (2022). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies reveal secretory proteins as novel targets of temozolomide in glioblastoma multiforme. Molecules, 27(21), 7198. [CrossRef]
  • 33. Chao, C.C., Ma, Y.S., Stadtman, E.R. (1997). Modification of protein surface hydrophobicity and methionine oxidation by oxidative systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94(7), 2969-2974. [CrossRef]
  • 34. Mirmoghtadaie, L., Kadivar, M., Shahedi, M. (2009). Effects of succinylation and deamidation on functional properties of oat protein isolate. Food Chemistry, 2009, 114(1), 127-131. [CrossRef]
  • 35. Sarkar, M., Lu, J., Pielak, G.J. (2014). Protein crowder charge and protein stability. Biochemistry, 53(10), 1601–1606. [CrossRef]
  • 36. Gallivan, J.P., Dougherty, D.A. (1999). Cation-pi interactions in structural biology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96(17), 9459-9464. [CrossRef]
  • 37. Ghosh, P., Bhakta, S., Bhattacharya, M., Sharma, A.R., Sharma, G., Lee, S.S., Chakraborty, C. (2021). A novel multi-epitopic peptide vaccine candidate against helicobacter pylori: In-silico identification, design, cloning and validation through molecular dynamics. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 27(2), 1149-1166. [CrossRef]
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  • 41. Lipinski, C.A., Lombardo, F., Dominy, B.W., Feeney, P.J. (2001). Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 1, 46(1-3), 3-26. [CrossRef]
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IN SILICO APPROACHES ON PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE INHIBITOR-RELATED COMPOUNDS USED IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE TREATMENT

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 48 Sayı: 2, 513 - 524

Hatice Akkaya Engin Sümer

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1380350

Öz

Objective: In Parkinson’s disease, Levodopa with Carbidopa addresses dopamine deficiency. Phenylalanine hydroxylase catalyzes phenylalanine to tyrosine conversion crucial for dopamine synthesis. Inhibiting phenylalanine hydroxylase may enhance Carbidopa's effects, preventing peripheral dopamine synthesis. The study used virtual scanning, molecular docking, and dynamics simulation to explore phenylalanine hydroxylase interactions with Carbidopa and similar ligands. ADME/T assessments and drug similarity tests were conducted to evaluate therapeutic potential in biological systems.
Material and Method: A molecular docking study was performed on the structures obtained from the PubChem database and human PAH (PDB ID: 6PAH) using Autodock Vina within Chimera 1.16. Furthermore, the ligands underwent ADME/T assays, which are crucial aspects in drug development.
Result and Discussion: The study suggests that 2-(2-Aminohydrazinyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid shows promise as a phenylalanine hydroxylase inhibitor for Parkinson's disease treatment, but further research is needed to assess its safety, efficacy, and specificity, particularly in extracerebral regions, while also exploring its potential to improve the effectiveness of Levadopa/Carbidopa combination therapy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Drug development inhibitor in silico Parkinson phenylalanine hydroxylase

Kaynakça

  • 1. Gümüş, M., Babacan, Ş.N., Demir, Y., Sert, Y., Koca, İ., Gülçin, İ. (2022). Discovery of sulfadrug-pyrrole conjugates as carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Archiv der Pharmazie. 355(1), e2100242. [CrossRef]
  • 2. Reich, S.G., Savitt, J.M. (2019). Parkinson’s's Disease. The Medical Clinics of North America, 103(2), 337-350. [CrossRef]
  • 3. Hoehn, M.M., Yahr, M.D. (1967). Parkinson’sism: Onset, progression and mortality. Neurology, 17(5), 427-442. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Cotzias, G.C., Papavasiliou, P.S., Gellene, R. (1969). Modification of Parkinson’sism-chronic treatment with L-dopa. The New England Journal of Medicine, 280(7), 337-345. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Matarazzo, M., Perez-Soriano, A., Stoessl, A.J. (2018). Dyskinesias and levodopa therapy: Why wait? Journal of Neural TransmissionVienna, Austria: 1996, 125(8), 1119-1130. [CrossRef]
  • 6. Yee, R.E., Cheng, D.W., Huang, S.C., Namavari, M., Satyamurthy, N., Barrio, J.R. (2001). Blood-brain barrier and neuronal membrane transport of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA. Biochemical Pharmacology, 62(10), 1409-1415. [CrossRef]
  • 7. Daidone, F., Montioli, R., Paiardini, A., Cellini, B., Macchiarulo, A., Giardina, G., Bossa, F., Borri Voltattorni, C. (2012). Identification by virtual screening and in vitro testing of human DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors. PloS one, 7(2), e31610. [CrossRef]
  • 8. Hoy, S.M. (2019). Levodopa/Carbidopa enteral suspension: A review in advanced Parkinson’s Disease. Drugs, 79(15), 1709-1718. [CrossRef]
  • 9. Armstrong, M.J., Okun, M.S. (2020). Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease: A review. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(6), 548-560. [CrossRef]
  • 10. Lees, A., Tolosa, E., Stocchi, F., Ferreira, J.J., Rascol, O., Antonini, A., Poewe, W. (2023). Optimizing levodopa therapy, when and how? Perspectives on the importance of delivery and the potential for an early combination approach. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 23(1), 15-24. [CrossRef]
  • 11. Müller, T. (2020). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levodopa/carbidopa cotherapies for Parkinson’s's disease. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism Toxicology 16(5), 403-414. [CrossRef]
  • 12. Masood, N., Jimenez-Shahed, J. (2023). Effective management of "OFF" episodes in Parkinson’s's Disease: Emerging treatment strategies and unmet clinical needs. Neuropsychiatric Disease Treatment, 19, 247-266. [CrossRef]
  • 13. Antonini, A., Odin, P., Pahwa, R., Aldred, J., Alobaidi, A., Jalundhwala, Y.J., Kukreja, P., Bergmann, L., Inguva, S., Bao, Y., Chaudhuri, K.R. (2021). The long-term impact of Levodopa/Carbidopa intestinal gel on 'off'-time in patients with advanced Parkinson’s's Disease: A systematic review. Advances in Theraphy, 38(6), 2854-2890. [CrossRef]
  • 14. Kwon, D.K., Kwatra, M., Wang, J., Ko, H.S. (2022). Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in parkinson’s's disease: Pathogenesis and emerging treatment strategies. Cells. 11(23), 3736. [CrossRef]
  • 15. Senek, M., Nielsen, E.I., Nyholm, D. (2017). Levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel in Parkinson’s's disease: A randomized crossover study. Movement disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 32(2), 283–286. [CrossRef]
  • 16. Fitzpatrick P.F. (1999). Tetrahydropterin-dependent amino acid hydroxylases. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 68, 355–381. [CrossRef]
  • 17. Zurflüh, M.R., Zschocke, J., Lindner, M., Feillet, F., Chery, C., Burlina, A., Stevens, R.C., Thöny, B., Blau, N. (2008). Molecular genetics of tetrahydrobiopterin-responsive phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. Human Mutation, 29(1), 167-175. [CrossRef]
  • 18. Butt, S.S., Badshah, Y., Shabbir, M., Rafiq, M. (2020). Molecular docking using chimera and autodock vina software for nonbioinformaticians. JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, 1(1), e14232. [CrossRef]
  • 19. Kelleci Çelik, F., Karaduman, G. (2023). In silico QSAR modeling to predict the safe use of antibiotics during pregnancy. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 46(5), 962-971. [CrossRef]
  • 20. Kalay, Ş., Akkaya, H. (2023). Molecular modelling of some ligands against acetylcholinesterase to treat Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal Research in Pharmacy, 27(6), 2199-2209. [CrossRef]
  • 21. Al-Shabib, N.A., Khan, J.M., Malik, A., Alsenaidy, M.A., Rehman, M.T., AlAjmi, M.F., Alsenaidy, A.M., Husain, F.M., Khan, R.H. (2018). Molecular insight into binding behavior of polyphenol (rutin) with beta lactoglobulin: Spectroscopic, molecular docking and MD simulation studies. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 269, 511-520. [CrossRef]
  • 22. Daina, A., Michielin, O., Zoete, V. (2017). SwissADME: A free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules. Scientific Reports, 7, 42717. [CrossRef]
  • 23. Cheng, F., Li, W., Zhou, Y., Shen, J., Wu, Z., Liu, G., Lee, P.W., Tang, Y. (2012). admetSAR: A comprehensive source and free tool for assessment of chemical ADMET properties. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 52(11), 3099-3105. [CrossRef]
  • 24. Pettersen, E.F., Goddard, T.D., Huang, C.C., Couch, G. ., Greenblatt, D.M., Meng, E.C., Ferrin, T. E. (2004). UCSF Chimera-a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 25(13), 1605-1612. [CrossRef]
  • 25. Goddard, T.D., Huang, C.C., Ferrin, T.E. (2007). Visualizing density maps with UCSF Chimera. Journal of Structural Biology, 157(1), 281-287. [CrossRef]
  • 26. Del Águila Conde, M., Febbraio, F. (2022). Risk assessment of honey bee stressors based on in silico analysis of molecular interactions. EFSA Journal, 20(S2), e200912. [CrossRef]
  • 27. Chen, X., Li, H., Tian, L., Li, Q., Luo, J., Zhang, Y. (2020). Analysis of the physicochemical properties of acaricides based on lipinski's rule of five. Journal of Computational Biology, 27(9), 1397-1406. [CrossRef]
  • 28. Sandeep, G., Nagasree, K.P., Hanisha, M., Kumar, M.M. (2011). AUDocker LE: A GUI for virtual screening with AUTODOCK Vina. BMC Research Notes, 4, 445. [CrossRef]
  • 29. Ferreira, L.G., Dos Santos, R.N., Oliva, G., Andricopulo, A.D. (2015). Molecular docking and structure-based drug design strategies. Molecules, 20(7), 13384-13421. [CrossRef]
  • 30. Adasme, M.F., Linnemann, K.L., Bolz, S.N., Kaiser, F., Salentin, S., Haupt, V.J., Schroeder, M. (2021). PLIP 2021: Expanding the scope of the protein-ligand interaction profiler to DNA and RNA. Nucleic Acids Research, 49(W1), W530-W534. [CrossRef]
  • 31. Kremer, J.R., Mastronarde, D.N., McIntosh, J.R. (1996). Computer visualization of three-dimensional image data using IMOD. Journal of Structural Biology, 116(1), 71-76. [CrossRef]
  • 32. Sumera, A.F., Waseem, M., Fatima, A., Malik, N., Ali, A., Zahid, S. (2022). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies reveal secretory proteins as novel targets of temozolomide in glioblastoma multiforme. Molecules, 27(21), 7198. [CrossRef]
  • 33. Chao, C.C., Ma, Y.S., Stadtman, E.R. (1997). Modification of protein surface hydrophobicity and methionine oxidation by oxidative systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94(7), 2969-2974. [CrossRef]
  • 34. Mirmoghtadaie, L., Kadivar, M., Shahedi, M. (2009). Effects of succinylation and deamidation on functional properties of oat protein isolate. Food Chemistry, 2009, 114(1), 127-131. [CrossRef]
  • 35. Sarkar, M., Lu, J., Pielak, G.J. (2014). Protein crowder charge and protein stability. Biochemistry, 53(10), 1601–1606. [CrossRef]
  • 36. Gallivan, J.P., Dougherty, D.A. (1999). Cation-pi interactions in structural biology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96(17), 9459-9464. [CrossRef]
  • 37. Ghosh, P., Bhakta, S., Bhattacharya, M., Sharma, A.R., Sharma, G., Lee, S.S., Chakraborty, C. (2021). A novel multi-epitopic peptide vaccine candidate against helicobacter pylori: In-silico identification, design, cloning and validation through molecular dynamics. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 27(2), 1149-1166. [CrossRef]
  • 38. López-Blanco, J.R., Aliaga, J.I., Quintana-Ortí, E.S., Chacón, P. (2014). iMODS: Internal coordinates normal mode analysis server. Nucleic Acids Research, 42, W271-W276. [CrossRef]
  • 39. Kovacs, J.A., Chacón, P., Abagyan, R. (2004). Predictions of protein flexibility: First-order measures. Proteins, 56(4), 661-668. [CrossRef]
  • 40. Anandan, S., Gowtham, H.G., Shivakumara, C.S., Thampy, A., Singh, S.B., Murali, M., Shivamallu, C., Pradeep, S., Shilpa, N., Shati, A.A., Alfaifi, M.Y., Elbehairi, S.E.I., Ortega-Castro, J., Frau, J., Flores-Holguín, N., Kollur, S.P., Glossman-Mitnik, D. (2022). Integrated approach for studying bioactive compounds from Cladosporium spp. against estrogen receptor alpha as breast cancer drug target. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 22446. [CrossRef]
  • 41. Lipinski, C.A., Lombardo, F., Dominy, B.W., Feeney, P.J. (2001). Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 1, 46(1-3), 3-26. [CrossRef]
  • 42. Poczta, A., Krzeczyński, P., Tobiasz, J., Rogalska, A., Gajek, A., Marczak, A. (2022). Synthesis and in vitro activity of novel melphalan analogs in hematological malignancy cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(3), 1760. [CrossRef]
  • 43. Gadaleta, D., Vuković, K., Toma, C., Lavado, G.J., Karmaus, A.L., Mansouri, K., Kleinstreuer, N. C., Benfenati, E., Roncaglioni, A. (2019). SAR and QSAR modeling of a large collection of LD50 rat acute oral toxicity data. Journal of Cheminformatics, 11(1), 58. [CrossRef]
  • 44. Kuoppamäki, M., Korpela, K., Marttila, R., Kaasinen, V., Hartikainen, P., Lyytinen, J., Kaakkola, S., Hänninen, J., Löyttyniemi, E., Kailajärvi, M., Ruokoniemi, P., Ellmén, J. (2009). Comparison of pharmacokinetic profile of levodopa throughout the day between levodopa/carbidopa/ entacapone and levodopa/carbidopa when administered four or five times daily. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 65(5), 443-455. [CrossRef]
  • 45. Erlandsen, H., Flatmark, T., Stevens, R.C., Hough, E. (1998). Crystallographic analysis of the human phenylalanine hydroxylase catalytic domain with bound catechol inhibitors at 2.0 A resolution. Biochemistry, 37(45), 15638-15646. [CrossRef]
  • 46. van Spronsen, F.J., Blau, N., Harding, C., Burlina, A., Longo, N., Bosch, A.M. (2021). Phenylketonuria. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 7(1), 36. [CrossRef]
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık Biyokimyası
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hatice Akkaya 0000-0001-7276-6919

Engin Sümer 0000-0002-9228-7963

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Mart 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 3 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 48 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akkaya, H., & Sümer, E. (2024). IN SILICO APPROACHES ON PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE INHIBITOR-RELATED COMPOUNDS USED IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE TREATMENT. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 48(2), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1380350
AMA Akkaya H, Sümer E. IN SILICO APPROACHES ON PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE INHIBITOR-RELATED COMPOUNDS USED IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE TREATMENT. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg. Mart 2024;48(2):513-524. doi:10.33483/jfpau.1380350
Chicago Akkaya, Hatice, ve Engin Sümer. “IN SILICO APPROACHES ON PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE INHIBITOR-RELATED COMPOUNDS USED IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE TREATMENT”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 48, sy. 2 (Mart 2024): 513-24. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1380350.
EndNote Akkaya H, Sümer E (01 Mart 2024) IN SILICO APPROACHES ON PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE INHIBITOR-RELATED COMPOUNDS USED IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE TREATMENT. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 48 2 513–524.
IEEE H. Akkaya ve E. Sümer, “IN SILICO APPROACHES ON PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE INHIBITOR-RELATED COMPOUNDS USED IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE TREATMENT”, Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg., c. 48, sy. 2, ss. 513–524, 2024, doi: 10.33483/jfpau.1380350.
ISNAD Akkaya, Hatice - Sümer, Engin. “IN SILICO APPROACHES ON PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE INHIBITOR-RELATED COMPOUNDS USED IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE TREATMENT”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 48/2 (Mart 2024), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1380350.
JAMA Akkaya H, Sümer E. IN SILICO APPROACHES ON PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE INHIBITOR-RELATED COMPOUNDS USED IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE TREATMENT. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg. 2024;48:513–524.
MLA Akkaya, Hatice ve Engin Sümer. “IN SILICO APPROACHES ON PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE INHIBITOR-RELATED COMPOUNDS USED IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE TREATMENT”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, c. 48, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 513-24, doi:10.33483/jfpau.1380350.
Vancouver Akkaya H, Sümer E. IN SILICO APPROACHES ON PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE INHIBITOR-RELATED COMPOUNDS USED IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE TREATMENT. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg. 2024;48(2):513-24.
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Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, açık erişim, hakemli bir dergi olup Türkçe veya İngilizce olarak farmasötik bilimler alanındaki önemli gelişmeleri içeren orijinal araştırmalar, derlemeler ve kısa bildiriler için uluslararası bir yayım ortamıdır. Bilimsel toplantılarda sunulan bildiriler supleman özel sayısı olarak dergide yayımlanabilir. Ayrıca, tüm farmasötik alandaki gelecek ve önceki ulusal ve uluslararası bilimsel toplantılar ile sosyal aktiviteleri içerir.