Öz
Aim: Infertility affects women biologically, psychologically and socially and as a result, it decreases the quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of infertility on anxiety and depression in women.
Material and Method: The study was planned as an observational study. Patients who were diagnosed as infertile and were admitted to Medistate Hospital Obstetrics, In Vitro Fertilization outpatient clinic, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, and Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinic between May and November 2019 were included in the study. The inclusion criteria were the patients who had been diagnosed as infertility for at least one year. A questionnaire including ’Beck Anxiety Inventory’ and “Beck Depression Inventory’’ was completed with the face-to-face interview technique by volunteer infertile women who met the inclusion criteria.
Results: The study was completed with 200 volunteer infertile patients. According to the depression score, 60 (30%) of the participants were normal, 84 (42%) had mild, 40 (20%) had moderate and 16 (8%) had severe depression. According to the anxiety score, 72 (36%) of the participants were normal, 78 (39%) had mild, 32 (16%) had moderate and 18 (9%) had severe anxiety.
Conclusion: Increased depression and anxiety scores should be considered in infertile patients. Further studies are needed to indicate which type of psychological treatment is more effective at the individual level.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Anxiety disorder Depression Infertility Psychological treatment
Kaynakça
- 1. Sarac M, Koc I. Prevalence and risk factors of infertility in turkey: evidence from demographic and health surveys, 1993-2013. J Biosoc Sci 2018; 50: 472-90.
- 2. Pinar G, Zeyneloglu HB. Quality of life, anxiety and depression in Turkish women prior to receiving assisted reproductive techniques. Int J Fertil Steril 2012: 6: 1-12.
- 3. Cwikel J, Gidron Y, Sheiner E. Psychological interactions with infertility among women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004; 117: 126–31.
- 4. Damti OB, Sarid O, Sheiner E, et al. Stress and distress in infertility among women. Harefuah 2008; 147: 256–60.
- 5. Drosdzol A, Skrzypulec V. Depression and anxiety among Polish infertile couples--an evaluative prevalence study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 30: 11–20.
- 6. Cousineau T, Domar A. Psychological impact of infertility. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 21: 293–308.
- 7. Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari F, Ghahiri A, Zargham-Boroujeni A, Habibi M. Exploration of the counseling needs of infertile couples: A qualitative study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2015; 20: 552.
- 8. Hisli N. A study on validity and reliability test of the Beck Depression Scale. J Psychol 1988; 6: 118-22.
- 9. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988; 56: 893-7.
- 10. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother 1998; 12: 163-72.
- 11. Farquhar , Rishworth JR, Brown J, Nelen WL, Marjoribanks J. Assisted reproductive technology: an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 7: CD010537.
- 12. Unal S, Kargin M, Akyüz A. Factors that psychologically affect infertile women. TAF Prev Med Bull 2010; 9: 481-6.
- 13. Yassa M, Arslan E, Gulbahar DS. Effects of infertility treatment on anxiety and depression levels. Cukurova Med J 2019; 44: 410-5.
- 14. Yusuf L. Depression, anxiety and stress among female patients of infertility; a case control study. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32: 1340-3.
- 15. Guerra D, Llobera A, Veiga A, Barri P. Psychiatric morbidity in couples attending a fertility service. Human Reprod 1998; 13: 1733-6.
- 16. Kushnir VA, Barad DH, Albertini DF, Darmon SK, Gleicher N. Systematic review of worldwide trends in assisted reproductive technology 2004–2013. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15: 6.
- 17. Noorbala AA, Ramazanzadeh F, Malekafzali H, et al. Effects of a psychological intervention on depression in infertile couples. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008; 101: 248-52.
- 18. Milazzo A, Mnatzaganian G, Elshaug AG, Hemphill SA, Hiller JE, Astute Health Study Group. Depression and anxiety outcomes associated with failed assisted reproductive technologies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0165805.
- 19. Matthiesen SM, Frederiksen Y, Ingerslev HJ, Zachariae R. Stress, distress and outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART): a meta-analysis. Hum. Reprod 2011; 26; 2763-76.
- 20. Purewal S, Chapman SCE, van den Akker OBA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological predictors of successful assisted reproductive technologies. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10: 711.
- 21. Boivin J, Griffiths E, Venetis CA. Emotional distress in infertile women and failure of assisted reproductive technologies: metaanalysis of prospective psychosocial studies. BMJ 2011; 342: d223.
- 22. Purewal S, Chapman SCE, van den Akker OBA. Depression and state anxiety scores during assisted reproductive treatment are associated with outcome: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 36: 646-57.
- 23. Gameiro S, Finnigan A. Long-term adjustment to unmet parenthood goals following ART: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23: 322–37.
- 24. Gameiro S, Boivin J, Dancet E, et al. ESHRE guideline: routine psychosocial care in infertility and medically assisted reproduction-a guide for fertility staff. Hum Reprod 2015; 11: 2476–85.
- 25. Bai CF, Cui NX, Xu X, et al. Effectiveness of two guided self-administered interventions for psychological distress among women with infertility: a three-armed, randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2019; 34: 1235-48.
- 26. Karaca A, Ünsal G. Stress level of infertile women due to infertility and effective factors. J Educ Res Nurs 2015; 12: 126-32.
- 27. Benli S. Depression And Anxiety Status and Associated Factors in Infertile Women. Master’s Thesis. Selcuk University Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing. 2010, Konya.
- 28. Karlidere T, Bozkurt A, Ozmenler KN, Ozsahin A, Kucuk T, Yetkin S. The influence of emotional distress on the outcome of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment among infertile Turkish women. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2008; 45: 55–64.
- 29. Gulseren L, Cetinay P, Tokatlioglu B, et al. Depression and anxiety levels in infertile Turkish women. J Reproduct Med 2006; 51: 421-6.
Öz
Amaç: İnfertilite kadını biyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal açıdan olumsuz etkileyen ve sonuç olarak yaşam kalitesini düşüren bir durumdur. Bu çalışma ile infertilitenin kadınlarda anksiyete ve depresyon gelişmesi üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma gözlemsel çalışma olarak planlandı. Çalışmaya Özel Medistate Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Tüp Bebek Polikliniği’ne ve Adana Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Polikliniği’ne Mayıs-Kasım 2019 arasında başvuran, infertilite tanısı alan hastalar dahil edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterleri en az bir yıldır çocuk sahibi olmak isteyen ve infertilite tanısı almış hastalar olarak belirlendi. Çalışmaya alınma kriterlerine uygun gönüllü infertil kadınlar tarafından yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile ‘’Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği’’ ve “Beck Depresyon Envanteri” içeren anket formu dolduruldu.
Bulgular: Çalışma 200 gönüllü infertil hasta ile tamamlandı. Depresyon skorlarına göre 60 (%30) hastanın skoru normal aralıkta, 84 (%42) hastanın hafif, 40 (%20) hastanın orta seviyede ve 16 (%8) hastanın ciddi depresyonu mevcuttu. Anksiyete skorlarına göre 72 (36%) hastanın skoru normal aralıkta, 78 (%39) hastanın hafif, 32 (%16) hastanın orta ve 18 (%9) hastanın şiddetli anksiyetesi mevcuttu.
Sonuç: İnfertil hastalarda artan depresyon ve anksiyete skorlarına dikkat edilmelidir. Bireysel seviyede hangi psikolojik tedavi tipinin daha etkili olduğunu bildiren çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Sarac M, Koc I. Prevalence and risk factors of infertility in turkey: evidence from demographic and health surveys, 1993-2013. J Biosoc Sci 2018; 50: 472-90.
- 2. Pinar G, Zeyneloglu HB. Quality of life, anxiety and depression in Turkish women prior to receiving assisted reproductive techniques. Int J Fertil Steril 2012: 6: 1-12.
- 3. Cwikel J, Gidron Y, Sheiner E. Psychological interactions with infertility among women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004; 117: 126–31.
- 4. Damti OB, Sarid O, Sheiner E, et al. Stress and distress in infertility among women. Harefuah 2008; 147: 256–60.
- 5. Drosdzol A, Skrzypulec V. Depression and anxiety among Polish infertile couples--an evaluative prevalence study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 30: 11–20.
- 6. Cousineau T, Domar A. Psychological impact of infertility. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 21: 293–308.
- 7. Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari F, Ghahiri A, Zargham-Boroujeni A, Habibi M. Exploration of the counseling needs of infertile couples: A qualitative study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2015; 20: 552.
- 8. Hisli N. A study on validity and reliability test of the Beck Depression Scale. J Psychol 1988; 6: 118-22.
- 9. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988; 56: 893-7.
- 10. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother 1998; 12: 163-72.
- 11. Farquhar , Rishworth JR, Brown J, Nelen WL, Marjoribanks J. Assisted reproductive technology: an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 7: CD010537.
- 12. Unal S, Kargin M, Akyüz A. Factors that psychologically affect infertile women. TAF Prev Med Bull 2010; 9: 481-6.
- 13. Yassa M, Arslan E, Gulbahar DS. Effects of infertility treatment on anxiety and depression levels. Cukurova Med J 2019; 44: 410-5.
- 14. Yusuf L. Depression, anxiety and stress among female patients of infertility; a case control study. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32: 1340-3.
- 15. Guerra D, Llobera A, Veiga A, Barri P. Psychiatric morbidity in couples attending a fertility service. Human Reprod 1998; 13: 1733-6.
- 16. Kushnir VA, Barad DH, Albertini DF, Darmon SK, Gleicher N. Systematic review of worldwide trends in assisted reproductive technology 2004–2013. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15: 6.
- 17. Noorbala AA, Ramazanzadeh F, Malekafzali H, et al. Effects of a psychological intervention on depression in infertile couples. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008; 101: 248-52.
- 18. Milazzo A, Mnatzaganian G, Elshaug AG, Hemphill SA, Hiller JE, Astute Health Study Group. Depression and anxiety outcomes associated with failed assisted reproductive technologies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0165805.
- 19. Matthiesen SM, Frederiksen Y, Ingerslev HJ, Zachariae R. Stress, distress and outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART): a meta-analysis. Hum. Reprod 2011; 26; 2763-76.
- 20. Purewal S, Chapman SCE, van den Akker OBA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological predictors of successful assisted reproductive technologies. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10: 711.
- 21. Boivin J, Griffiths E, Venetis CA. Emotional distress in infertile women and failure of assisted reproductive technologies: metaanalysis of prospective psychosocial studies. BMJ 2011; 342: d223.
- 22. Purewal S, Chapman SCE, van den Akker OBA. Depression and state anxiety scores during assisted reproductive treatment are associated with outcome: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 36: 646-57.
- 23. Gameiro S, Finnigan A. Long-term adjustment to unmet parenthood goals following ART: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23: 322–37.
- 24. Gameiro S, Boivin J, Dancet E, et al. ESHRE guideline: routine psychosocial care in infertility and medically assisted reproduction-a guide for fertility staff. Hum Reprod 2015; 11: 2476–85.
- 25. Bai CF, Cui NX, Xu X, et al. Effectiveness of two guided self-administered interventions for psychological distress among women with infertility: a three-armed, randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2019; 34: 1235-48.
- 26. Karaca A, Ünsal G. Stress level of infertile women due to infertility and effective factors. J Educ Res Nurs 2015; 12: 126-32.
- 27. Benli S. Depression And Anxiety Status and Associated Factors in Infertile Women. Master’s Thesis. Selcuk University Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing. 2010, Konya.
- 28. Karlidere T, Bozkurt A, Ozmenler KN, Ozsahin A, Kucuk T, Yetkin S. The influence of emotional distress on the outcome of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment among infertile Turkish women. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2008; 45: 55–64.
- 29. Gulseren L, Cetinay P, Tokatlioglu B, et al. Depression and anxiety levels in infertile Turkish women. J Reproduct Med 2006; 51: 421-6.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Orijinal Makale |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 18 Haziran 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3 |
Cited By
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