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ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE COVID-19 OKURYAZARLIĞI VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİR DEVLET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 51 - 62, 29.04.2024

Ayşe Sezer Balcı Kerime Öğüt Düzen

https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1287709

Öz

Amaç:Bu araştırmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinde COVID-19 okuryazarlığı etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesidir.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan araştırmaya, Aralık 2021-Mayıs 2022 tarihleri arasında, bir devlet üniversitesinin fakülte ve yüksekokullarında öğrenim gören 506 lisans öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Sosyo-Demografik Bilgi Formu, COVID-19 Okuryazarlık Ölçeği ve Yetişkin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler yüzdelik, ortalama, Man Whitney U testi, pearson korelasyon ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve p<0.05 olan değerler anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen öğrencilerin %64.4’ü kadın, yaş ortalamaları 21.00±3.09’dir. Öğrencilerin %21.7’si COVID-19 geçirmiştir. Katılımcıların COVID-19 Okuryazarlık Ölçeği puan ortalaması 101.13±13.60 (min=27 max=115), Yetişkin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği puan ortalamaları 14.70±3.06 (min=4, max=22)’dir. Bu çalışmada kadınların ve sağlıkla ilgili bölümde okuyanların COVID-19 okuryazarlığı puanları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Cinsiyet, bölüm ve Yetişkin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçek puanı değişkenlerinin öğrencilerin COVID-19 okuryazarlık puanını %12 oranında yordadığı belirlenmiştir.
Sonuçlar ve Öneriler: Bu çalışma sonucunda öğrencilerin COVID-19 okuryazarlıklarının cinsiyet, bölüm ve sağlık okuryazarlığı değişkenlerinden etkilendiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19; Okuryazarlık Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Üniversite Öğrencisi

Destekleyen Kurum

YOK

Proje Numarası

YOK

Kaynakça

  • Alahdal, H., Basingab, F., & Alotaibi, R. (2020). An analytical study on the awareness, attitude and practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health, 13(10), 1446-1452. https://doi.org//10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.015
  • Aldowyan, N., Abdallah, A.S., & El-Gharabawy, R.M. (2017). Knowledge, attitude and practice (kap) study about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERSCoV) among population in Saudi Arabia. International Archives of Medicine, 10(254), 1-12. https://doi.org//10.3823/2524
  • Al-Hanawi, M.K., Angawi, K., Alshareef, N., Qattan, A.M.N., Helmy, H.Z., Abudawood, Y., Alqurashi, M., Kattan, W.M., Kadasah, N.A., Chirwa, G.C., & Alsharqi, O. (2020). Knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among the public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Front. Public Health, 8, 217. https://doi.org//10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217
  • Al-Mohrej, O.A., Al-Shirian, S.D., Al-Otaibi, S.K., Tamim, H.M., Masuadi, E.M., & Fakhoury, H.M. (2016). Is the Saudi public aware of Middle East respiratory syndrome? J Infect Public Health, 9, 259–66. https://doi.org//10.1016/j.jiph.2015.10.003 24
  • Archila, P.A., Danies, G., Molina, J., de Mejía, A.M.T., & Restrepo, S. (2021). Towards covid 19 literacy ınvestigating the literacy levels of university students in Colombia. Sci Educ (Dordr), 30(4), 785-808. https://doi.org//10.1007/s11191-021-00222-1
  • Bao, Y., Sun, Y., Meng, S., & Lui, L. (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: Address mental health care to empower society. Lancet, 395(10224), e37-e38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(20)30309-3
  • Duan, H., Wang, S., & Yang, C. (2020). Coronavirus: Limit short-term economic damage. Nature, 578(7796), 515. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-00522-6
  • Fauzi, A., Husamah, H., Miharja, F.J., Fatmawati, D., Permana, T.I., & Hudha, A.M. (2020). Exploring Covid-19 literacy level among biology teacher candidates. EURASIA J Math Sci Tech Ed, 16(7), em1864. https://doi.org//10.29333/ejmste/8270
  • Galasso, V., Pons, V., Profeta, P., Becher, M., Brouard, S., & Foucault, M. (2020). Gender differences in COVID-19 attitudes and behavior: Panel evidence from eight countries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 117(44), 27285-27291. https://doi.org// 10.1073/pnas.2012520117
  • Gallè, F., Sabella, E.A., Molin, G.D., Giglio, O.D., Caggiano, G., Onofrio, V.D., Ferracuti, S., Montagna, M.T., Liguori, G., Orsi, G.B., & Napoli, C. (2020). Understanding knowledge and behaviors related to CoViD–19 epidemic in Italian undergraduate students: The EPICO study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(10), 3481. https://doi.org//10.3390/ijerph17103481
  • Gür, C.G., & Altınbaş, Y. (2022). Covid-19 literacy scale: Turkish validity and reliability study. Clinical Nursing Research, 31(3), 404-412. https:// doi.org//10.1177/10547738211059879
  • Kesumawati, R., Ibrahim, K., & Witdiawati, W. (2019). Literasi kesehatan orang dengan HIV/AIDS. J Pendidik Keperawatan Indones, 5(1), 77-88. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpki.v5i1.15533
  • Lai, C.C., Wang, C.Y., Wang, Y.H., Hsueh, S.C., Ko, W.C., & Hsueh, P.R. (2020). Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): disease incidence, daily cumulative index, mortality, and their association with country healthcare resources and economic status. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55(4), 105946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105946
  • McCaffery, K.J., Dodd, R.H., Cvejic, E., Ayre, J., Batcup, C., Isautier, J.M.J., Copp, T., Bonner, C., Pickles, K., Nickel, B., Dakin, T., Cornell, S., & Wolf, M.S. (2020). Disparities in COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours by health literacy. MedRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20121814
  • Naveed, M.A., & Shaukat, R. (2022). Health literacy predicts Covid-19 awareness and protective behaviours of university students. Health Info Libr J, 39(1), 46-58. https://doi.org// 10.1111/hir.12404
  • Nguyen, H.C., Nguyen, M.H., Do, B.N., Tran, C.Q., Nguyen, T.T.P., Pham, K.M., Pham, L.V., Tran, K.V., Duong, T.T., Tran, T.V., Duong, T.H., Nguyen, T.T., Nguyen, Q.H., Hoang, T.M., Nguyen, K.T., Pham, T.T.M., Yang, S.H., Chao, J.C.J., & Duong, T.V. (2020a). People with suspected COVID-19 symptoms were more likely depressed and had lower health-related quality of life: The potential benefit of health literacy. J Clin Med, 9(4), 965. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040965
  • Nguyen, H.T., Do, B.N., Pham, K.M., Kim, G.B., Dam, H.T.B., Nguyen, T.T., Nguyen, T.T.P., Nguyen, Y.H., Sørensen, K., Pleasant, A., & Duong, T.V. (2020b). Fear of COVID-19 scale-associations of ıts scores with health literacy and health-related behaviors among medical students. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(11), 4164. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114164
  • Okan, O., Bollweg, T.M., Berens, E.M., Hurrelmann, K., Bauer, U., & Schaeffer, D. (2020). Coronavirus-related health literacy: A cross-sectional study in adults during the covid-19 infodemic in Germany. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(15), 5503. https://doi.org// 10.3390/ijerph17155503
  • Okan, O., Lopes, E., Bollweg, T.M., Bröder, J., Messer, M., Bruland, D., Bond, E., Carvalho, G.S., Sørensen, K., Nunes, L.S., Zamir, D.L., Sahrai, D., Bittlingmayer, U.H., Pelikan, J.M., Thomas, M., Bauer, U., & Pinheiro, P. (2018). Generic health literacy measurement instruments for children and adolescents: A systematic review of the literature. BMC Public Health, 18, 166. https://doi.org//10.1186/s12889-018-5054-0
  • Öztürk, F.Ö., & Tezel, A. (2022). Health literacy and COVID-19 awareness among preservice primary school teachers and influencing factors in Turkey. J Sch Health, 92(12), 1128- 1136. https://doi.org//10.1111/josh.13231
  • Paakkari, L., & Okan, O. (2020). COVID-19: health literacy is an underestimated problem. Lancet Public Health, 5(5), e249-e250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30086-4
  • Riiser, K., Helseth, S., Haraldstad, K., Torbjørnsen, A., & Richardsen, K.R. (2020). Adolescents’ health literacy, health protective measures, and health-related quality of life during the Covid-19 pandemic. PLoS One, 15(8), e0238161. https://doi.org//10.1371/ journal.pone.0238161
  • Rosenbaum, L. (2020). The untold toll The pandemic’s effects on patients without Covid-19. N Engl J Med, 382(24), 2368-2371. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMms2009984
  • Sezer, A., & Kadıoğlu, H. (2014). Yetişkin sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(3), 165-170.
  • Shaukat, R., Asghar, A., & Naveed, M.A. (2021). Impact of health literacy on fear of Covid-19, protective behavior, and conspiracy beliefs: University students’ perspective. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 4620. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8650&context=libphilprac
  • Sørensen, K., Van den Broucke, S., Fullam, J., Doyle, G., Pelikan, J., & Slonska, Z. (2020). Disaster literacy and public health: A systematic review and ıntegration of definitions and models. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. BMC Public Health, 12(80), 1471–2458. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.100
  • World Health Organization. (2022). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. Erişim tarihi: 07.12.2022. Erişim linki: https://covid19.who.int/
  • Worldometer (2022). Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic. Erişim tarihi: 07.12.2022. Erişim linki: https: //www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
  • Xu, Z., Li, S., Tian, S., Li, H., & Kong, L.Q. (2020). Full spectrum of COVID-19 severity still being depicted. Lancet, 395(10228), 947-948. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30308-1.
  • Yanti, B., Wahyudi, E., Wahiduddin, W., Novika, R.G.H., Arina, Y.M.D., Martani, N.S., & Nawan. (2020). Community knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards social distancing policy as prevention transmission of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia, 8(1), 4–14. https://doi.org//10.20473/jaki.v8i2.2020.4-14.
  • Zarocostas, J. (2020). How to fight an infodemic. Lancet, 395(10225), 676. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30461-X

COVID-19 Literacy And Influencing Factors In University Students: A Case Study At A State University

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 51 - 62, 29.04.2024

Ayşe Sezer Balcı Kerime Öğüt Düzen

https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1287709

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting COVID-19 literacy in university students.
Method: The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 and May 2022 among 506 undergraduate students studying at the faculties and colleges of a state university. Socio-Demographic Information Form, COVID-19 Literacy Scale and Adult Health Literacy Scale were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed using percentage, mean, Man Whitney U test, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis and p<0.05 values were considered significant.
Results: In the study, 64.4% of the students were women, and the average age was 21.00±3.09 years. Additionally, 21.7% of the students had experienced COVID-19. The mean COVID-19 Literacy Scale score of the participants was 101.13±13.60 (min=27 max=115) and the mean Adult Health Literacy Scale score was 14.70±3.06 (min=4, max=22). In this study, the COVID-19 literacy scores of women and those studying in health-related departments were found to be statistically significantly higher (p<0.05). It was determined that gender, department and Adult Health Literacy Scale score variables predicted students' COVID-19 literacy score by 12%.
Conclusions and Suggestions: As a result of this study, it was determined that students' COVID-19 literacy was affected by gender, department and health literacy variables.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 Literacy Health Literacy University Student

Proje Numarası

YOK

Kaynakça

  • Alahdal, H., Basingab, F., & Alotaibi, R. (2020). An analytical study on the awareness, attitude and practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health, 13(10), 1446-1452. https://doi.org//10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.015
  • Aldowyan, N., Abdallah, A.S., & El-Gharabawy, R.M. (2017). Knowledge, attitude and practice (kap) study about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERSCoV) among population in Saudi Arabia. International Archives of Medicine, 10(254), 1-12. https://doi.org//10.3823/2524
  • Al-Hanawi, M.K., Angawi, K., Alshareef, N., Qattan, A.M.N., Helmy, H.Z., Abudawood, Y., Alqurashi, M., Kattan, W.M., Kadasah, N.A., Chirwa, G.C., & Alsharqi, O. (2020). Knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among the public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Front. Public Health, 8, 217. https://doi.org//10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217
  • Al-Mohrej, O.A., Al-Shirian, S.D., Al-Otaibi, S.K., Tamim, H.M., Masuadi, E.M., & Fakhoury, H.M. (2016). Is the Saudi public aware of Middle East respiratory syndrome? J Infect Public Health, 9, 259–66. https://doi.org//10.1016/j.jiph.2015.10.003 24
  • Archila, P.A., Danies, G., Molina, J., de Mejía, A.M.T., & Restrepo, S. (2021). Towards covid 19 literacy ınvestigating the literacy levels of university students in Colombia. Sci Educ (Dordr), 30(4), 785-808. https://doi.org//10.1007/s11191-021-00222-1
  • Bao, Y., Sun, Y., Meng, S., & Lui, L. (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: Address mental health care to empower society. Lancet, 395(10224), e37-e38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(20)30309-3
  • Duan, H., Wang, S., & Yang, C. (2020). Coronavirus: Limit short-term economic damage. Nature, 578(7796), 515. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-00522-6
  • Fauzi, A., Husamah, H., Miharja, F.J., Fatmawati, D., Permana, T.I., & Hudha, A.M. (2020). Exploring Covid-19 literacy level among biology teacher candidates. EURASIA J Math Sci Tech Ed, 16(7), em1864. https://doi.org//10.29333/ejmste/8270
  • Galasso, V., Pons, V., Profeta, P., Becher, M., Brouard, S., & Foucault, M. (2020). Gender differences in COVID-19 attitudes and behavior: Panel evidence from eight countries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 117(44), 27285-27291. https://doi.org// 10.1073/pnas.2012520117
  • Gallè, F., Sabella, E.A., Molin, G.D., Giglio, O.D., Caggiano, G., Onofrio, V.D., Ferracuti, S., Montagna, M.T., Liguori, G., Orsi, G.B., & Napoli, C. (2020). Understanding knowledge and behaviors related to CoViD–19 epidemic in Italian undergraduate students: The EPICO study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(10), 3481. https://doi.org//10.3390/ijerph17103481
  • Gür, C.G., & Altınbaş, Y. (2022). Covid-19 literacy scale: Turkish validity and reliability study. Clinical Nursing Research, 31(3), 404-412. https:// doi.org//10.1177/10547738211059879
  • Kesumawati, R., Ibrahim, K., & Witdiawati, W. (2019). Literasi kesehatan orang dengan HIV/AIDS. J Pendidik Keperawatan Indones, 5(1), 77-88. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpki.v5i1.15533
  • Lai, C.C., Wang, C.Y., Wang, Y.H., Hsueh, S.C., Ko, W.C., & Hsueh, P.R. (2020). Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): disease incidence, daily cumulative index, mortality, and their association with country healthcare resources and economic status. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55(4), 105946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105946
  • McCaffery, K.J., Dodd, R.H., Cvejic, E., Ayre, J., Batcup, C., Isautier, J.M.J., Copp, T., Bonner, C., Pickles, K., Nickel, B., Dakin, T., Cornell, S., & Wolf, M.S. (2020). Disparities in COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours by health literacy. MedRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20121814
  • Naveed, M.A., & Shaukat, R. (2022). Health literacy predicts Covid-19 awareness and protective behaviours of university students. Health Info Libr J, 39(1), 46-58. https://doi.org// 10.1111/hir.12404
  • Nguyen, H.C., Nguyen, M.H., Do, B.N., Tran, C.Q., Nguyen, T.T.P., Pham, K.M., Pham, L.V., Tran, K.V., Duong, T.T., Tran, T.V., Duong, T.H., Nguyen, T.T., Nguyen, Q.H., Hoang, T.M., Nguyen, K.T., Pham, T.T.M., Yang, S.H., Chao, J.C.J., & Duong, T.V. (2020a). People with suspected COVID-19 symptoms were more likely depressed and had lower health-related quality of life: The potential benefit of health literacy. J Clin Med, 9(4), 965. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040965
  • Nguyen, H.T., Do, B.N., Pham, K.M., Kim, G.B., Dam, H.T.B., Nguyen, T.T., Nguyen, T.T.P., Nguyen, Y.H., Sørensen, K., Pleasant, A., & Duong, T.V. (2020b). Fear of COVID-19 scale-associations of ıts scores with health literacy and health-related behaviors among medical students. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(11), 4164. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114164
  • Okan, O., Bollweg, T.M., Berens, E.M., Hurrelmann, K., Bauer, U., & Schaeffer, D. (2020). Coronavirus-related health literacy: A cross-sectional study in adults during the covid-19 infodemic in Germany. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(15), 5503. https://doi.org// 10.3390/ijerph17155503
  • Okan, O., Lopes, E., Bollweg, T.M., Bröder, J., Messer, M., Bruland, D., Bond, E., Carvalho, G.S., Sørensen, K., Nunes, L.S., Zamir, D.L., Sahrai, D., Bittlingmayer, U.H., Pelikan, J.M., Thomas, M., Bauer, U., & Pinheiro, P. (2018). Generic health literacy measurement instruments for children and adolescents: A systematic review of the literature. BMC Public Health, 18, 166. https://doi.org//10.1186/s12889-018-5054-0
  • Öztürk, F.Ö., & Tezel, A. (2022). Health literacy and COVID-19 awareness among preservice primary school teachers and influencing factors in Turkey. J Sch Health, 92(12), 1128- 1136. https://doi.org//10.1111/josh.13231
  • Paakkari, L., & Okan, O. (2020). COVID-19: health literacy is an underestimated problem. Lancet Public Health, 5(5), e249-e250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30086-4
  • Riiser, K., Helseth, S., Haraldstad, K., Torbjørnsen, A., & Richardsen, K.R. (2020). Adolescents’ health literacy, health protective measures, and health-related quality of life during the Covid-19 pandemic. PLoS One, 15(8), e0238161. https://doi.org//10.1371/ journal.pone.0238161
  • Rosenbaum, L. (2020). The untold toll The pandemic’s effects on patients without Covid-19. N Engl J Med, 382(24), 2368-2371. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMms2009984
  • Sezer, A., & Kadıoğlu, H. (2014). Yetişkin sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(3), 165-170.
  • Shaukat, R., Asghar, A., & Naveed, M.A. (2021). Impact of health literacy on fear of Covid-19, protective behavior, and conspiracy beliefs: University students’ perspective. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 4620. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8650&context=libphilprac
  • Sørensen, K., Van den Broucke, S., Fullam, J., Doyle, G., Pelikan, J., & Slonska, Z. (2020). Disaster literacy and public health: A systematic review and ıntegration of definitions and models. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. BMC Public Health, 12(80), 1471–2458. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.100
  • World Health Organization. (2022). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. Erişim tarihi: 07.12.2022. Erişim linki: https://covid19.who.int/
  • Worldometer (2022). Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic. Erişim tarihi: 07.12.2022. Erişim linki: https: //www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
  • Xu, Z., Li, S., Tian, S., Li, H., & Kong, L.Q. (2020). Full spectrum of COVID-19 severity still being depicted. Lancet, 395(10228), 947-948. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30308-1.
  • Yanti, B., Wahyudi, E., Wahiduddin, W., Novika, R.G.H., Arina, Y.M.D., Martani, N.S., & Nawan. (2020). Community knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards social distancing policy as prevention transmission of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia, 8(1), 4–14. https://doi.org//10.20473/jaki.v8i2.2020.4-14.
  • Zarocostas, J. (2020). How to fight an infodemic. Lancet, 395(10225), 676. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30461-X
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği
Bölüm Orjinal Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayşe Sezer Balcı 0000-0002-6520-1669

Kerime Öğüt Düzen 0000-0003-4954-9187

Proje Numarası YOK
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Nisan 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sezer Balcı, A., & Öğüt Düzen, K. (2024). ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE COVID-19 OKURYAZARLIĞI VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİR DEVLET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1287709
AMA Sezer Balcı A, Öğüt Düzen K. ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE COVID-19 OKURYAZARLIĞI VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİR DEVLET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ. JSHS. Nisan 2024;9(1):51-62. doi:10.47115/jshs.1287709
Chicago Sezer Balcı, Ayşe, ve Kerime Öğüt Düzen. “ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE COVID-19 OKURYAZARLIĞI VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİR DEVLET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9, sy. 1 (Nisan 2024): 51-62. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1287709.
EndNote Sezer Balcı A, Öğüt Düzen K (01 Nisan 2024) ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE COVID-19 OKURYAZARLIĞI VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİR DEVLET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9 1 51–62.
IEEE A. Sezer Balcı ve K. Öğüt Düzen, “ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE COVID-19 OKURYAZARLIĞI VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİR DEVLET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ”, JSHS, c. 9, sy. 1, ss. 51–62, 2024, doi: 10.47115/jshs.1287709.
ISNAD Sezer Balcı, Ayşe - Öğüt Düzen, Kerime. “ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE COVID-19 OKURYAZARLIĞI VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİR DEVLET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9/1 (Nisan 2024), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1287709.
JAMA Sezer Balcı A, Öğüt Düzen K. ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE COVID-19 OKURYAZARLIĞI VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİR DEVLET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ. JSHS. 2024;9:51–62.
MLA Sezer Balcı, Ayşe ve Kerime Öğüt Düzen. “ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE COVID-19 OKURYAZARLIĞI VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİR DEVLET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 51-62, doi:10.47115/jshs.1287709.
Vancouver Sezer Balcı A, Öğüt Düzen K. ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE COVID-19 OKURYAZARLIĞI VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİR DEVLET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ. JSHS. 2024;9(1):51-62.
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