Araştırma Makalesi
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Turist Rehberlerinin Kültürel Zeka Düzeyleri İle Yorumlama Performansı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 1063 - 1077, 28.07.2023

Sonay Kaygalak-celebi Selcen Seda Türksoy

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1269272

Öz

Düzenlenen seyahat organizasyonlarında ziyaret edilecek yerlerle ilgili bilgi veren, ziyaretçilere eşlik eden ve bu işi meslek edinen kişiler turist rehberi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kültürlerarası etkileşimde birer kültür yorumcusu olarak atfedilen turist rehberlerinin kültürlerarası ilişkilerin yoğunlaştığı günümüz yaşamında farkındalık ve kültürel duyarlılık kapasitesine sahip olması gerekmektedir. Turist rehberleri tur esnasında kendi kültürü, yerel halkın kültürü ve turist kültürü olmak üzere üç farklı kültür ile etkileşime girmektedir. Bu kültürlere gösterdiği uyum ve kültüre göre kullandığı yorumlama teknikleri rehberin başarısını etkileyen önemli faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu noktada çalışmanın amacı turist rehberlerinin sahip olduğu üst bilişsel, bilişsel, motivasyonel ve davranışsal kültürel zekâ düzeyi ile yorumlama performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaçla, Türkiye’de eylemli turist rehberi olarak faaliyet gösteren 308 turist rehberlerine anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiş, toplanan veriler, SPSS programı ve Lisrel yazılımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere ilk olarak tanımlayıcı istatistikler uygulanmıştır. Ölçeklerin yapı geçerliliğini belirlemede doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, değişkenler arası ilişkiyi test etmek amacıyla korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma hipotezleri ise regresyon analiziyle test edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre turist rehberlerinin kültürel zekâ düzeyleri (biliş, motivasyon ve davranış) ile yorumlama performansı arasında olumlu ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırma turist rehberlerinin kültürel zekâ düzeyleri ve yorumlama performansına ilişkin teorik ve pratik katkılar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kültürel Zeka Turist Rehberi Yorumlama Performansı

Kaynakça

  • Ababneh, A. (2018). Tour guides and heritage interpretation: guides’ interpretation of the past at the archaeological site of Jarash, Jordan. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13(3), 257-272.
  • Aksoy, Z. (2015). Kültürel zekâ: Kültürlerarası iletişimde çağdaş bir yaklaşım. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Aktaş, A. C. & Köroğlu, Özlem. (2021). Turist rehberlerinin yorumlayıcı rolünün turist destinasyon sadakati üzerine etkisi: Çanakkale Savaşları Gelibolu Tarihi Alan Başkanlığı örneği. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 678–703.
  • Alderson, W. T. & Low, S. P. (1985). Interpretation of historic sites, Nashville, TN: American Association for State and Local History.
  • Alshaibani, E. & Bakir, A. (2017). A reading in cross-cultural service encounter: Exploring the relationship between cultural intelligence, employee performance and service quality. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 17(3), 249-263.
  • Ang, S., & VanDyne, L. (2008). Conceptualization of cultural intelligence: Definition, distinctiveness, and nomological network. Ang, S. & VanDyne, L. (Eds.). Handbook of cultural ıntelligence: Theory, measurement, and Applications. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
  • Ang, S. & VanDyne, L. (2015). Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, management, and applications. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Ang, S., VanDyne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K. Y., Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and Organization Review, 3(3), 335–371.
  • Bobanovic, M. K. & Grzinic, J. (2019). Teaching tourism students with cultural intelligence. UTMS Journal of Economics, 10(1), 85–95.
  • Chen, H.J., Hwang, S. N., & Lee, C. (2006). Visitors' characteristics of guided interpretation tours. Journal of Business Research, 59, 1167–1181.
  • Cheng, Y. S., Kuo, N. T., Chang, K. C., & Chen, C. H. (2019). How a tour guide interpretation service creates intention to revisit for tourists from mainland China: the mediating effect of perceived value. Journal of China Tourism Research, 15(1), 84-104.
  • Cohen, E. (1985). The tourist guide: The origins, structure and Dynamics of a role. Annals of Tourism Research, 12, 5-29.
  • Cohen, E. H., Ifergan, M., & Cohen, E. (2002). A new paradigm in guiding: The Madrich as a role model. Annals Of Tourism Research, 29(4), 919-932.
  • Coves-Martínez, Á. L., Sabiote-Ortiz, C. M. & Frías-Jamilena, D. M. (2022). Cultural intelligence as an antecedent of satisfaction with the travel app and with the tourism experience. Computers in Human Behavior, 127, 107049.
  • Çapar, G. (2020). Turist rehberlerinin yorumlama performansının hatırlanır turizm deneyimi ve davranışsal niyetlere etkisi: Yerli turistler üzerine bir araştırma. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Mersin Üniversitesi, Mersin. Earley, P. C. & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Elenkov, D. S. & Manev, I. M. (2009). Senior expatriate leadership’s effects on innovation and the role of cultural intelligence. Journal of World Business, 44(4), 357–369.
  • Forist, B. E. (2003). Visitor use and evaluation of interpretive media: A report on visitors to the national park system. Washington, DC: National Park Service, US Department of the Interior, Social Science Program.
  • Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981), “Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 39-50, doi: 10.2307/3151312
  • Frías-Jamilena, D. M., Sabiote-Ortiz, C. M., Martín-Santana, J. D. & Beerli-Palacio, A. (2018). The effect of Cultural Intelligence on consumer-based destination brand equity. Annals of Tourism Research, 72, 22-36.
  • Hair, J.H., Black, B., Babin, B., Anderson, R.E. ve Tatham, R.L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.). NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Ham, S.H. (2013). Interpretation-Making a difference on purpose. Golden Colorado: Fulcrum publishing
  • Ham, S.H. & Weiler, B. (2007). Isolating the role of on-site ınterpretation in a satisfying experience, Journal of Interpretation Research, 12(7), 6-24.
  • Ham. S. H. (1992). Environmental interpretation, a practical guide for people with big ideas and small budgets, Golden, Colorado: North American Press.
  • Io, M.U. & Hallo, L. (2011). Tour guides' interpretation of the historic center of macao as a world cultural heritage site. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 9(2), 140-152.
  • İlhan, M. & Çetin, B. (2014). Kültürel zekâ ölçeği’nin türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2), 94-114.
  • Kamal A. M. & Jacob, M. (2019). Cross-cultural training and cultural intelligence of hospitality students: a case study in Egypt and Spain. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 19(3), 191-215.
  • Köksal, G. & Türker, A. (2019). Profesyonel turist rehberlerinin kültürel zekâ seviyelerinin mesleğe bakış açıları üzerine etkisi. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, (14) , 101-132.
  • Köroğlu, A. Köroğlu, Ö., Şalk, S. & Dumanlı, Ş. (2018). Turist rehberlerinin yorumlayıcı rollerine yönelik algılarının betimsel analiz yöntemiyle belirlenmesi. Hacıoğu, N., Avcıkurt, C., & Köroğlu, A. (Ed.). Turist Rehberliği üzerine Güncel Araştırmalar. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Kuo, N.T., Chang, K.C., Cheng, Y.S. & Lin, J.C. (2016). Effects of tour guide ınterpretation and tourist satisfaction on destination loyalty in taiwan’s kinmen battlefield tourism: Perceived playfulness and perceived flow as moderators, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(1), 103-122.
  • Li, X., Xie, J., Feng, Z. & Chan, H. (2022). Exploring residents’ helping and tolerant behavior through the lens of cultural intelligence. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50, 232-244.
  • Litvin, S. W. & Kar, G. H. (2003). Individualism/Collectivism as a moderating factor to the self-ımage congruity concept. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(1): 23–32.
  • Livermore, D. (2010). Leading with cultural intelligence: The new secret to success. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.
  • Mak, A. H., Wong, K. K. & Chang, R. C. (2010). Factors affecting the service quality of the tour guiding profession in Macau. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(3), 205-218.
  • Moscardo, G. (1998). Interpretation and sustainable tourism: functions, examples and principles. Journal of Tourism Studies, 9, 2–12.
  • Moscardo, G., Woods, B. & Saltzer, R. (2004). The role of interpretation in wildlife tourism. Common Ground Publishing.
  • Moufakkir, O. (2011). The role of cultural distance in mediating the host gaze. Tourist Studies, 11(1), 73-89. Ott, D. L. & Michailova, S. (2018). Cultural intelligence: A review and new research avenues. International Journal of Management Reviews, 20(1), 99-119.
  • Pizam, A. & Jeong, G. H. (1996). Cross-cultural tourist behavior: Perceptions of Korean tour-guides. Tourism Management, 17(4), 277-286.
  • Rabotic, B. (2008). Tourist guides as cultural heritage interpreters: Belgra de experience with municipality-sponsored guided walks for local residents. The Proceedings Book of the International Tourism Conference Cultural and Event Tourism: Issues & Debates (Alanya, Turkey), 213-233.
  • Reisinger, S. & Steiner, C. (2006) Reconceptualising interpretation: The Role of tour guides in authentic tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 9(6), 481-498.
  • Reisinger, S. & Steiner, C. (2006). Reconceptualising interpretation: The Role of tour guides in authentic tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 9:6, 481-498.
  • Roberts, M., Mearns, K. & Edwards, V. (2014). Evaluating the effectiveness of guided versus non-guided interpretation in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Koedoe: African Protected Area Conservation and Science, 56(2), 1-8.
  • Şahin, F., Gürbüz, S. & Köksal, O. (2014). Cultural intelligence (CQ) in action: The effects of personality and international assignment on the development of CQ. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 39, 152-163.
  • Teng, H.-Y. & Tsai, C.-H. (2020). Can tour leader likability enhance tourist value co-creation behaviors? The role of attachment. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 285–294.
  • Tilden, F. (1957). Interpreting our heritage: Principles and practices for visitor services in parks, museums, and historic places. United States of America: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Ulusoy Yıldırım, H. & Köroğlu, Ö. (2019). Turist rehberlerinin kültürel zekâ düzeyi ve özyeterlilik inançlarının hizmet sunumuna etkisi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 18(1) , 328-347
  • Van der Horst, C. A. & Albertyn, R. M. (2018). The importance of metacognition and the experiential learning process within a cultural intelligence–based approach to cross-cultural coaching. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(1), 1-11.
  • Weiler, B. & Ham, S. H. (2001). Tour guides and interpretation in ecotourism. (Chapter 35, pp. 549–563) Weaver, D. (Ed.). The Encyclopedia Of Ecotourism. Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
  • Wong, C. U. I. (2013). The sanitization of colonial history: Authenticity, heritage interpretation and the case of Macau's tour guides. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(6), 915-931.
  • Yu, X., Weiler, B. & Ham, S. (2001). Intercultural communication and mediation: A framework for analyzing the intercultural competence of Chinese tour guides. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 8(1), 75-87.
  • Zaman, U. & Aktan, M. (2021). Examining residents’ cultural intelligence, place image and foreign tourist attractiveness: A mediated-moderation model of support for tourism development in Cappadocia (Turkey). Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 46, 393-404.
  • Zhang, Y., Shao, W. & Thaichon, P. (2021). Investigating tourist post-travel evaluation and behavioural intention: a cultural intelligence perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 33(10), 2037-2053.

Investigation of the Relationship between Cultural Intelligence Levels and Interpretation Performance of Tourist Guides

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 1063 - 1077, 28.07.2023

Sonay Kaygalak-celebi Selcen Seda Türksoy

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1269272

Öz

In organized travels, people who inform and accompany visitors in the destinations visited as a profession are defined tourist guides. Tourist guides-attributed as cultural interpreters in intercultural interaction-should have the capacity of cultural awareness and sensitivity in today's life where intercultural relations are intensified. Tourist guides interact with three different cultures during the tour: their own culture, the culture of the local people and the tourist culture. The ability to adapt to other cultures in today's world and the culturally appropriate interpretation techniques used by tour guides are significant variables influencing their success as cultural interpreters in intercultural engagement. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the relationship between tourist guides' metacognitive, cognitive, motivational, and behavioral aspects of cultural intelligence and interpretation performance. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with the 308 tourist guides operating as active tourist guides in Turkey. Datas were carried out in the SPSS and Lisrel package program. The obtained data were first subjected to descriptive statistics. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the construct validity of the scales in our country, correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between variables. Research hypotheses were tested with regression analysis. The findings demonstrate a positive relationship between the cultural intelligence dimensions (metacognitive, motivational and behavioral) of the tourist guides and the interpretation performance. This study contributes to theoretical and practical aspects regarding the cultural intelligence levels and interpretation performance of tour guides.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cultural Intelligence Interpretation Performance Tourist Guide

Kaynakça

  • Ababneh, A. (2018). Tour guides and heritage interpretation: guides’ interpretation of the past at the archaeological site of Jarash, Jordan. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13(3), 257-272.
  • Aksoy, Z. (2015). Kültürel zekâ: Kültürlerarası iletişimde çağdaş bir yaklaşım. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Aktaş, A. C. & Köroğlu, Özlem. (2021). Turist rehberlerinin yorumlayıcı rolünün turist destinasyon sadakati üzerine etkisi: Çanakkale Savaşları Gelibolu Tarihi Alan Başkanlığı örneği. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 678–703.
  • Alderson, W. T. & Low, S. P. (1985). Interpretation of historic sites, Nashville, TN: American Association for State and Local History.
  • Alshaibani, E. & Bakir, A. (2017). A reading in cross-cultural service encounter: Exploring the relationship between cultural intelligence, employee performance and service quality. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 17(3), 249-263.
  • Ang, S., & VanDyne, L. (2008). Conceptualization of cultural intelligence: Definition, distinctiveness, and nomological network. Ang, S. & VanDyne, L. (Eds.). Handbook of cultural ıntelligence: Theory, measurement, and Applications. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
  • Ang, S. & VanDyne, L. (2015). Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, management, and applications. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Ang, S., VanDyne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K. Y., Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and Organization Review, 3(3), 335–371.
  • Bobanovic, M. K. & Grzinic, J. (2019). Teaching tourism students with cultural intelligence. UTMS Journal of Economics, 10(1), 85–95.
  • Chen, H.J., Hwang, S. N., & Lee, C. (2006). Visitors' characteristics of guided interpretation tours. Journal of Business Research, 59, 1167–1181.
  • Cheng, Y. S., Kuo, N. T., Chang, K. C., & Chen, C. H. (2019). How a tour guide interpretation service creates intention to revisit for tourists from mainland China: the mediating effect of perceived value. Journal of China Tourism Research, 15(1), 84-104.
  • Cohen, E. (1985). The tourist guide: The origins, structure and Dynamics of a role. Annals of Tourism Research, 12, 5-29.
  • Cohen, E. H., Ifergan, M., & Cohen, E. (2002). A new paradigm in guiding: The Madrich as a role model. Annals Of Tourism Research, 29(4), 919-932.
  • Coves-Martínez, Á. L., Sabiote-Ortiz, C. M. & Frías-Jamilena, D. M. (2022). Cultural intelligence as an antecedent of satisfaction with the travel app and with the tourism experience. Computers in Human Behavior, 127, 107049.
  • Çapar, G. (2020). Turist rehberlerinin yorumlama performansının hatırlanır turizm deneyimi ve davranışsal niyetlere etkisi: Yerli turistler üzerine bir araştırma. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Mersin Üniversitesi, Mersin. Earley, P. C. & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Elenkov, D. S. & Manev, I. M. (2009). Senior expatriate leadership’s effects on innovation and the role of cultural intelligence. Journal of World Business, 44(4), 357–369.
  • Forist, B. E. (2003). Visitor use and evaluation of interpretive media: A report on visitors to the national park system. Washington, DC: National Park Service, US Department of the Interior, Social Science Program.
  • Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981), “Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 39-50, doi: 10.2307/3151312
  • Frías-Jamilena, D. M., Sabiote-Ortiz, C. M., Martín-Santana, J. D. & Beerli-Palacio, A. (2018). The effect of Cultural Intelligence on consumer-based destination brand equity. Annals of Tourism Research, 72, 22-36.
  • Hair, J.H., Black, B., Babin, B., Anderson, R.E. ve Tatham, R.L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.). NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Ham, S.H. (2013). Interpretation-Making a difference on purpose. Golden Colorado: Fulcrum publishing
  • Ham, S.H. & Weiler, B. (2007). Isolating the role of on-site ınterpretation in a satisfying experience, Journal of Interpretation Research, 12(7), 6-24.
  • Ham. S. H. (1992). Environmental interpretation, a practical guide for people with big ideas and small budgets, Golden, Colorado: North American Press.
  • Io, M.U. & Hallo, L. (2011). Tour guides' interpretation of the historic center of macao as a world cultural heritage site. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 9(2), 140-152.
  • İlhan, M. & Çetin, B. (2014). Kültürel zekâ ölçeği’nin türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2), 94-114.
  • Kamal A. M. & Jacob, M. (2019). Cross-cultural training and cultural intelligence of hospitality students: a case study in Egypt and Spain. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 19(3), 191-215.
  • Köksal, G. & Türker, A. (2019). Profesyonel turist rehberlerinin kültürel zekâ seviyelerinin mesleğe bakış açıları üzerine etkisi. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, (14) , 101-132.
  • Köroğlu, A. Köroğlu, Ö., Şalk, S. & Dumanlı, Ş. (2018). Turist rehberlerinin yorumlayıcı rollerine yönelik algılarının betimsel analiz yöntemiyle belirlenmesi. Hacıoğu, N., Avcıkurt, C., & Köroğlu, A. (Ed.). Turist Rehberliği üzerine Güncel Araştırmalar. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Kuo, N.T., Chang, K.C., Cheng, Y.S. & Lin, J.C. (2016). Effects of tour guide ınterpretation and tourist satisfaction on destination loyalty in taiwan’s kinmen battlefield tourism: Perceived playfulness and perceived flow as moderators, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(1), 103-122.
  • Li, X., Xie, J., Feng, Z. & Chan, H. (2022). Exploring residents’ helping and tolerant behavior through the lens of cultural intelligence. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50, 232-244.
  • Litvin, S. W. & Kar, G. H. (2003). Individualism/Collectivism as a moderating factor to the self-ımage congruity concept. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(1): 23–32.
  • Livermore, D. (2010). Leading with cultural intelligence: The new secret to success. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.
  • Mak, A. H., Wong, K. K. & Chang, R. C. (2010). Factors affecting the service quality of the tour guiding profession in Macau. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(3), 205-218.
  • Moscardo, G. (1998). Interpretation and sustainable tourism: functions, examples and principles. Journal of Tourism Studies, 9, 2–12.
  • Moscardo, G., Woods, B. & Saltzer, R. (2004). The role of interpretation in wildlife tourism. Common Ground Publishing.
  • Moufakkir, O. (2011). The role of cultural distance in mediating the host gaze. Tourist Studies, 11(1), 73-89. Ott, D. L. & Michailova, S. (2018). Cultural intelligence: A review and new research avenues. International Journal of Management Reviews, 20(1), 99-119.
  • Pizam, A. & Jeong, G. H. (1996). Cross-cultural tourist behavior: Perceptions of Korean tour-guides. Tourism Management, 17(4), 277-286.
  • Rabotic, B. (2008). Tourist guides as cultural heritage interpreters: Belgra de experience with municipality-sponsored guided walks for local residents. The Proceedings Book of the International Tourism Conference Cultural and Event Tourism: Issues & Debates (Alanya, Turkey), 213-233.
  • Reisinger, S. & Steiner, C. (2006) Reconceptualising interpretation: The Role of tour guides in authentic tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 9(6), 481-498.
  • Reisinger, S. & Steiner, C. (2006). Reconceptualising interpretation: The Role of tour guides in authentic tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 9:6, 481-498.
  • Roberts, M., Mearns, K. & Edwards, V. (2014). Evaluating the effectiveness of guided versus non-guided interpretation in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Koedoe: African Protected Area Conservation and Science, 56(2), 1-8.
  • Şahin, F., Gürbüz, S. & Köksal, O. (2014). Cultural intelligence (CQ) in action: The effects of personality and international assignment on the development of CQ. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 39, 152-163.
  • Teng, H.-Y. & Tsai, C.-H. (2020). Can tour leader likability enhance tourist value co-creation behaviors? The role of attachment. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 285–294.
  • Tilden, F. (1957). Interpreting our heritage: Principles and practices for visitor services in parks, museums, and historic places. United States of America: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Ulusoy Yıldırım, H. & Köroğlu, Ö. (2019). Turist rehberlerinin kültürel zekâ düzeyi ve özyeterlilik inançlarının hizmet sunumuna etkisi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 18(1) , 328-347
  • Van der Horst, C. A. & Albertyn, R. M. (2018). The importance of metacognition and the experiential learning process within a cultural intelligence–based approach to cross-cultural coaching. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(1), 1-11.
  • Weiler, B. & Ham, S. H. (2001). Tour guides and interpretation in ecotourism. (Chapter 35, pp. 549–563) Weaver, D. (Ed.). The Encyclopedia Of Ecotourism. Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
  • Wong, C. U. I. (2013). The sanitization of colonial history: Authenticity, heritage interpretation and the case of Macau's tour guides. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(6), 915-931.
  • Yu, X., Weiler, B. & Ham, S. (2001). Intercultural communication and mediation: A framework for analyzing the intercultural competence of Chinese tour guides. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 8(1), 75-87.
  • Zaman, U. & Aktan, M. (2021). Examining residents’ cultural intelligence, place image and foreign tourist attractiveness: A mediated-moderation model of support for tourism development in Cappadocia (Turkey). Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 46, 393-404.
  • Zhang, Y., Shao, W. & Thaichon, P. (2021). Investigating tourist post-travel evaluation and behavioural intention: a cultural intelligence perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 33(10), 2037-2053.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Turizm, Otelcilik, Konaklama ve Spor
Yazarlar

Sonay Kaygalak-celebi 0000-0003-3071-6184

Selcen Seda Türksoy 0000-0003-1842-0858

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mart 2023
Kabul Tarihi 20 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaygalak-celebi, S., & Türksoy, S. S. (2023). Turist Rehberlerinin Kültürel Zeka Düzeyleri İle Yorumlama Performansı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 22(3), 1063-1077. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1269272
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