The investigation of the relationships among coronavirus anxiety, cyberchondria, and online shopping
Öz
Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic some mental disorders have been especially increased. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between individuals' coronavirus anxiety, cyberchondria, and online shopping addiction during the pandemic, we are in, and try to explain the factors associated with these features.
Method: The data consists of 407 people between the ages of 18-65 who answered a sufficient number of questions on the scales with the help of the online environment by google questionnaire method between January 18 th, 2021, and February 18th, 2021. Participants were asked to fill in the socio-demographic form, cyberchondria severity scale (CSS), compulsive purchasing scale (BSAS), and coronavirus anxiety (CAS) scales.
Results: In this study, 79.6% of the participants stated that their anxiety increased, 63.4% stated that the frequency of shopping online increased, and 39.8% stated that the number of disease searches on the internet increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding the correlations of the CAS, CSS, BSAS scales with each other, a statistically significant positive moderate correlation was found between CAS and CSS (r: 0.495, p <0.001).
Discussion and Conclusion: Pandemic have changed lots of routines about our daily life. Individuals' spending a long time on the internet at home and may be an important risk factor for online shopping addiction and cyberchondria during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, informing individuals about mental problems caused by the intense use of the internet during the pandemic is important in terms of mental health.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Starcevic V, Berle D. Cyberchondria: towards a better understanding of excessive health-related Internet use. Expert Rev Neurother. Şubat 2013;13(2):205-13.
- 2. Starcevic V, Berle D, Arnáez S. Recent Insights Into Cyberchondria. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 27 Ağustos 2020;22(11):56.
- 3. Bento AI, Nguyen T, Wing C, Lozano-Rojas F, Ahn Y-Y, Simon K. Evidence from internet search data shows information-seeking responses to news of local COVID-19 cases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 26 Mayıs 2020;117(21):11220-2.
- 4. Jokic-Begic N, Korajlija AL, Mikac U. Cyberchondria in the age of COVID-19. PLOS ONE. 17 Aralık 2020;15(12):e0243704.
- 5. Jungmann SM, Witthöft M. Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the current COVID-19 pandemic: Which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety? J Anxiety Disord. Haziran 2020;73:102239.
- 6. Lee SA. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies. 02 Temmuz 2020;44(7):393-401.
- 7. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, vd. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. Haziran 2020;55(3):137-44.
- 8. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, vd. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 14 Mart 2020;395(10227):912-20.
- 9. Király O, Potenza MN, Stein DJ, King DL, Hodgins DC, Saunders JB, vd. Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance. Compr Psychiatry. Temmuz 2020;100:152180.
- 10. Trotzke P, Starcke K, Müller A, Brand M. Pathological Buying Online as a Specific Form of Internet Addiction: A Model-Based Experimental Investigation. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0140296.
- 11. Koran LM, Faber RJ, Aboujaoude E, Large MD, Serpe RT. Estimated prevalence of compulsive buying behavior in the United States. Am J Psychiatry. Ekim 2006;163(10):1806-12.
- 12. Jalloh MF, Li W, Bunnell RE, Ethier KA, O’Leary A, Hageman KM, vd. Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015. BMJ Glob Health. 2018;3(2):e000471.
- 13. Walker A, Hopkins C, Surda P. Use of Google Trends to investigate loss-of-smell-related searches during the COVID-19 outbreak. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. Temmuz 2020;10(7):839-47.
- 14. Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaria M, Picaza-Gorrochategui M, Idoiaga-Mondragon N, Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaria M, vd. Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2020;36(4).
- 15. King DL, Delfabbro PH, Billieux J, Potenza MN. Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic. J Behav Addict. Haziran 2020;9(2):184-6.
- 16. Ko C-H, Yen J-Y. Impact of COVID-19 on gaming disorder: Monitoring and prevention. Journal of behavioral addictions. 02 Temmuz 2020;9.
- 17. Liu CH, Stevens C, Conrad RC, Hahm HC. Evidence for elevated psychiatric distress, poor sleep, and quality of life concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic among U.S. young adults with suspected and reported psychiatric diagnoses. Psychiatry Res. Ekim 2020;292:113345.
- 18. Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A. Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian J Psychiatr. Haziran 2020;51:102076.
- 19. Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr. 2020;33(2):e100213.
- 20. Remes O, Brayne C, van der Linde R, Lafortune L. A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations. Brain Behav. Temmuz 2016;6(7):e00497.
- 21. Hawryluck L, Gold WL, Robinson S, Pogorski S, Galea S, Styra R. SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis. Temmuz 2004;10(7):1206-12.
- 22. Garfin DR, Silver RC, Holman EA. The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure. Health Psychol. Mayıs 2020;39(5):355-7.
- 23. te Poel F, Baumgartner S, Hartmann T, Tanis M. The Curious Case of Cyberchondria: A Longitudinal Study on the Reciprocal Relationship between Health Anxiety and Online Health Information Seeking. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 01 Ekim 2016;43:32-40.
- 24. Baumgartner SE, Hartmann T. The role of health anxiety in online health information search. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. Ekim 2011;14(10):613-8.
- 25. Laato S, Islam AKMN, Farooq A, Dhir A. Unusual purchasing behavior during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: The stimulus-organism-response approach. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 01 Kasım 2020;57:102224.
Öz
Amaç: Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde bu yeni hastalıkla ilgili birçok belirsizliğin olması, sosyal izolasyon uygulanması, pandeminin yol açtığı bir takım ekonomik zorluklar ile beraber özelikle bazı ruhsal bozukluklarda belirgin artış görülmüştür. Pandemi döneminde en fazla artan ruhsal belirtilerden biri şüphesiz anksiyetedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı içinde bulunduğumuz pandemi sürecinde bireylerin koronavirüs anksiyetesi, siberkondria ve online alışveriş bağımlılığı özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek ve bu özellikler ile ilişkili diğer faktörleri açıklamaya çalışmaktır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma için gönüllük esasına uygun olarak çalışmaya dahil olan katılımcılardan 18.01.21 ile 18.02.21 tarihleri arasında google anket yöntemi online olarak veri toplandı. Katılımcılara sosyo-demografik form, siberkondria şiddeti ölçeği (CSS), kompulsif satın alma ölçeği (BSAS) ve koronavirüs anksiyete (CAS) ölçekleri uygulandı. Ölçeklerde yeterli sayıda soruyu yanıtlayan 18-65 yaş aralığındaki 407 kişi ile çalışma tamamlandı.
Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde katılımcıların % 79.6’sı kaygılarının arttığını, %63.4’ü internet üzerinden alışveriş yapma sıklıklarının arttığını, %39.8’ü ise internet üzerinden hastalık arama davranışlarının arttığını belirtmişlerdir. Bireylerin Covid-19 özelliklerine göre kaygı, siberkondria ve online alışveriş bağımlılığı özellikleri incelendiğinde, yakınlarından birisi Covid-19 geçiren bireylerde CAS ve CSS puanları (sırasıyla 2.6±3.8, 74.4±22.5) geçirmeyenlere göre (sırasıyla 1.3±2.3, 68.2±22.3) istatistiksel olarak daha anlamlı yüksek bulunmuştur (sırasıyla p<0.001, p=0.004). CAS, CSS, BSAS ölçeklerin birbirleri ile korelasyonları incelendiğinde ise CAS ile CSS arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif yönde orta düzeyde bir ilişki saptanmıştır (r:0.495, p<0.001).
Sonuç: Pandemi, sosyal izolasyon ve evde kal çağrıları sonucu bireylerin evde daha uzun süre internette vakit geçirmeleri online alışveriş bağımlılığı ve siberkondria için önemli bir risk faktörü olabilir. Bu sebeple pandemi süresince internetin yoğun kullanımının yol açacağı ruhsal problemlerle ilgili bireylere bilgilendirme yapılması toplum ruh sağlığı açısından önem taşımaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
COVİD-19 Koronavirüs anksiyetesi Siberkondria Online Alışveriş
Kaynakça
- 1. Starcevic V, Berle D. Cyberchondria: towards a better understanding of excessive health-related Internet use. Expert Rev Neurother. Şubat 2013;13(2):205-13.
- 2. Starcevic V, Berle D, Arnáez S. Recent Insights Into Cyberchondria. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 27 Ağustos 2020;22(11):56.
- 3. Bento AI, Nguyen T, Wing C, Lozano-Rojas F, Ahn Y-Y, Simon K. Evidence from internet search data shows information-seeking responses to news of local COVID-19 cases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 26 Mayıs 2020;117(21):11220-2.
- 4. Jokic-Begic N, Korajlija AL, Mikac U. Cyberchondria in the age of COVID-19. PLOS ONE. 17 Aralık 2020;15(12):e0243704.
- 5. Jungmann SM, Witthöft M. Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the current COVID-19 pandemic: Which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety? J Anxiety Disord. Haziran 2020;73:102239.
- 6. Lee SA. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies. 02 Temmuz 2020;44(7):393-401.
- 7. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, vd. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. Haziran 2020;55(3):137-44.
- 8. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, vd. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 14 Mart 2020;395(10227):912-20.
- 9. Király O, Potenza MN, Stein DJ, King DL, Hodgins DC, Saunders JB, vd. Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance. Compr Psychiatry. Temmuz 2020;100:152180.
- 10. Trotzke P, Starcke K, Müller A, Brand M. Pathological Buying Online as a Specific Form of Internet Addiction: A Model-Based Experimental Investigation. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0140296.
- 11. Koran LM, Faber RJ, Aboujaoude E, Large MD, Serpe RT. Estimated prevalence of compulsive buying behavior in the United States. Am J Psychiatry. Ekim 2006;163(10):1806-12.
- 12. Jalloh MF, Li W, Bunnell RE, Ethier KA, O’Leary A, Hageman KM, vd. Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015. BMJ Glob Health. 2018;3(2):e000471.
- 13. Walker A, Hopkins C, Surda P. Use of Google Trends to investigate loss-of-smell-related searches during the COVID-19 outbreak. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. Temmuz 2020;10(7):839-47.
- 14. Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaria M, Picaza-Gorrochategui M, Idoiaga-Mondragon N, Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaria M, vd. Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2020;36(4).
- 15. King DL, Delfabbro PH, Billieux J, Potenza MN. Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic. J Behav Addict. Haziran 2020;9(2):184-6.
- 16. Ko C-H, Yen J-Y. Impact of COVID-19 on gaming disorder: Monitoring and prevention. Journal of behavioral addictions. 02 Temmuz 2020;9.
- 17. Liu CH, Stevens C, Conrad RC, Hahm HC. Evidence for elevated psychiatric distress, poor sleep, and quality of life concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic among U.S. young adults with suspected and reported psychiatric diagnoses. Psychiatry Res. Ekim 2020;292:113345.
- 18. Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A. Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian J Psychiatr. Haziran 2020;51:102076.
- 19. Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr. 2020;33(2):e100213.
- 20. Remes O, Brayne C, van der Linde R, Lafortune L. A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations. Brain Behav. Temmuz 2016;6(7):e00497.
- 21. Hawryluck L, Gold WL, Robinson S, Pogorski S, Galea S, Styra R. SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis. Temmuz 2004;10(7):1206-12.
- 22. Garfin DR, Silver RC, Holman EA. The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure. Health Psychol. Mayıs 2020;39(5):355-7.
- 23. te Poel F, Baumgartner S, Hartmann T, Tanis M. The Curious Case of Cyberchondria: A Longitudinal Study on the Reciprocal Relationship between Health Anxiety and Online Health Information Seeking. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 01 Ekim 2016;43:32-40.
- 24. Baumgartner SE, Hartmann T. The role of health anxiety in online health information search. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. Ekim 2011;14(10):613-8.
- 25. Laato S, Islam AKMN, Farooq A, Dhir A. Unusual purchasing behavior during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: The stimulus-organism-response approach. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 01 Kasım 2020;57:102224.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Ağustos 2021 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 10 Ağustos 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 13 Sayı: S1 |
