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Human papillomavirus vaccination: review of the current evidence

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 86 - 94, 29.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.33204/mucosa.628068

Öz

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) can cause numerous cancers in males and females, including anogenital cancers. Cervical cancer, which is mainly caused by HPV, is one of the most preventable type of cancers. Since the understanding of the etiological association between HPV and cervical cancer, three HPV vaccines have been developed to date. HPV vaccines have been a controversial issue since the first vaccine was recommended to prevent cervical cancer in 2006. Although there are still ongoing controversial topics about HPV vaccines, such as efficacy in HPV-associated cancers, usage in HPV infected individuals and males, these vaccines present an opportunity for HPV-associated precancerous lesions prevention. World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes HPV-associated diseases as global health problems, and recommends that routine HPV vaccination should be included in national immunization programs. While some high-income countries have relatively high uptake of HPV vaccination rates, the low income countries are lagging in the introduction of HPV vaccine. In Turkey, the available vaccines are not in routine immunization schedule. The HPV vaccines are not only need to be more effective, but also be cheap and affordable for everyone in order to increase and sustain introductions of HPV vaccine in low-income and middle-income countries. We need more time to obtain follow-up data for the real-world efficacy, and more research in HPV vaccination.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Plummer M, Schiffman M, Castle PE, Maucort-Boulch D, Wheeler CM. A 2-year prospective study of human papillomavirus persistence among women with a cytological diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. The J Infect Dis 2007;195:1582-9.
  • 2. Saraiya M, Unger ER, Thompson TD, et al. US assessment of HPV types in cancers: implications for current and 9-valent HPV vaccines. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015;107:86.
  • 3. Viens LJ, Henley SJ, Watson M, et al. Human papillomavirus-associated cancers-united states, 2008-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65:661-6.
  • 4. Villa LL, Costa RL, Petta CA, et al. Prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine in young women: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre phase II efficacy trial. Lancet Oncol 2005;6:271-8.
  • 5. Crowe E, Pandeya N, Brotherton JM, et al. Effectiveness of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine for the prevention of cervical abnormalities: case-control study nested within a population based screening programme in Australia. BMJ 2014;348:1458.
  • 6. McNamara M, Batur P, Walsh JME, Johnson KM. HPV Update: Vaccination, screening, and associated disease. J Gen Intern Med 2016;31:1360-6.
  • 7. Giuliano AR, Palefsky JM, Goldstone S, et al. Efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against HPV Infection and disease in males. N Engl J Med 2011;364:401-11.
  • 8. Bogaards JA, Wallinga J, Brakenhoff RH, Meijer CJ, Berkhof J. Direct benefit of vaccinating boys along with girls against oncogenic human papillomavirus: bayesian evidence synthesis. BMJ 2015;350:2016.
  • 9. Elfstrom KM, Lazzarato F, Franceschi S, Dillner J, Baussano I. Human papillomavirus vaccination of boys and extended catch-up vaccination: Effects on the resilience of programs. J Infect Dis 2016;213:199-205.
  • 10. Saslow D, Castle PE, Cox JT, et al. American cancer society guideline for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine use to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors. CA Cancer J Clin 2007;57:7-28.
  • 11. Petrosky E, Bocchini JA, Jr., Hariri S, et al. Use of 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: updated HPV vaccination recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015;64:300-4.
  • 12. Meites E, Szilagyi PG, Chesson HW, Unger ER, Romero JR, Markowitz LE. Human papillomavirus vaccination for adults: Updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019;68:698-702.
  • 13. Markowitz LE, Dunne EF, Saraiya M, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practic es (ACIP). MMWR Recommendations and reports: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014;63:1-30.
  • 14. Joura EA, Giuliano AR, Iversen OE, et al. A 9-valent HPV vaccine against infection and intraepithelial neoplasia in women. N Engl J Med 2015;372:711-23.
  • 15. Meites E, Kempe A, Markowitz LE. Use of a 2-dose schedule for human papillomavirus vaccination - updated recommendations of the advisory committee on Immunization practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65:1405-8.
  • 16. Romanowski B, de Borba PC, Naud PS, et al. Sustained efficacy and immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine: analysis of a randomised placebo-controlled trial up to 6.4 years. Lancet 2009;374:1975-85.
  • 17. Vesikari T, Brodszki N, van Damme P, et al. A randomized, double-blind, phase III study of the immunogenicity and safety of a 9-valent human papillomavirus L1 virus-like particle vaccine (V503) versus gardasil® in 9-15-year-old girls. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015;34:992-8.
  • 18. Petaja T, Keranen H, Karppa T, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in healthy boys aged 10-18 years. J Adolesc Health 2009;44:33-40.
  • 19. Reisinger KS, Block SL, Lazcano-Ponce E, et al. Safety and persistent immunogenicity of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18 L1 virus-like particle vaccine in preadolescents and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26:201-9.
  • 20. Lopalco PL. Spotlight on the 9-valent HPV vaccine. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017;11:35-44.
  • 21. Van Damme P, Meijer C, Kieninger D, et al. A phase III clinical study to compare the immunogenicity and safety of the 9-valent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines in men. Vaccine 2016;34:4205-12.
  • 22. Mikamo H, Yamagishi Y, Murata S, et al. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a quadrivalent HPV vaccine in Japanese men: A randomized, Phase 3, placebo-controlled study. Vaccine 2019;37:1651-8.
  • 23. Murata S, Takeuchi Y, Yamanaka K, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in japanese boys: a phase 3, open-label study. Jpn J Infect Di 2019.
  • 24. Van Damme P, Olsson SE, Block S, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a 9-valent HPV vaccine. Pediatrics 2015;136:28-39.
  • 25. Sow PS, Watson-Jones D, Kiviat N, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine: a randomized trial in 10-25-year-old HIV-Seronegative African girls and young women. J Infect Dis 2013;207:1753-63.
  • 26. Pedersen C, Petaja T, Strauss G, et al. Immunization of early adolescent females with human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 L1 virus-like particle vaccine containing AS04 adjuvant. J Adolesc Health 2007;40:564-71.
  • 27. Lin SW, Ghosh A, Porras C, et al. HPV16 seropositivity and subsequent HPV16 infection risk in a naturally infected population: comparison of serological assays. PloS One 2013;8:53067.
  • 28. Safaeian M, Porras C, Schiffman M, et al. Epidemiological study of anti-HPV16/18 seropositivity and subsequent risk of HPV16 and -18 infections. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010;102:1653-62.
  • 29. Arbyn M, Xu L, Simoens C , Martin-Hirsch PP. Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;5:Cd009069.
  • 30. Garland SM, Hernandez-Avila M, Wheeler CM, et al. Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent anogenital diseases. N Engl J Med 2007;356:1928-43.
  • 31. Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions. N Engl J Med 2007;356:1915-27.
  • 32. Wheeler CM, Skinner SR, Del Rosario-Raymundo MR, et al. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus 16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in women older than 25 years: 7-year follow- up of the phase 3, double-blind, randomised controlled VIVIANE study. Lancet Infect Dis 2016;16:1154-68.
  • 33. Saslow D, Andrews KS, Manassaram-Baptiste D, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination guideline update: American Cancer Society guideline endorsement.CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:375-85.
  • 34. Palefsky JM, Giuliano AR, Goldstone S, et al. HPV vaccine against anal HPV infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1576-85.
  • 35. Herrero R, Quint W, Hildesheim A, et al. Reduced prevalence of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) 4 years after bivalent HPV vaccination in a randomized clinical trial in Costa Rica. PloS One 2013;8:e68329.
  • 36. Donovan B, Franklin N, Guy R, Get al. Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination and trends in genital warts in Australia: analysis of national sentinel surveillance data. Lancet Infect Dis 2011;11:39-44.
  • 37. Bauer HM, Wright G, Chow J. Evidence of human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness in reducing genital warts: an analysis of California public family planning administrative claims data, 2007-2010. Am J Public Health 2012;102:833-5.
  • 38. Herweijer E, Ploner A, Sparen P. Substantially reduced incidence of genital warts in women and men six years after HPV vaccine availability in Sweden. Vaccine 2018;36:1917-20.
  • 39. Drolet M, Benard E, Boily MC, et al. Population-level impact and herd effects following human papillomavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2015;15:565-80.
  • 40. Kjaer SK, Nygard M, Dillner J, et al. A 12-year follow-up on the long-term effectiveness of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in 4 nordic countries. Clin Infect Dis 2018;66:339-45.
  • 41. De Vincenzo R, Conte C, Ricci C, Scambia G , Capelli G. Long-term efficacy and safety of human papillomavirus vaccination. Int J Womens Health 2014;6:999-1010.

İnsan papilloma virüs aşısı: Güncel kanıtların gözden geçirilmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 86 - 94, 29.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.33204/mucosa.628068

Öz

İnsan papilloma virüsleri (HPV), erkeklerde ve kadınlarda, anogenital kanserler dâhil, çok sayıda kansere neden olabilir. Ağırlıklı olarak HPV’nin neden olduğu serviks kanseri, en önlenebilir kanser türlerinden biridir. HPV ve serviks kanseri arasındaki etiyolojik ilişkinin anlaşılmasından bu yana, bugüne kadar üç HPV aşısı geliştirilmiştir. HPV aşıları, 2006’da serviks kanserinin önlenmesi için önerilen ilk aşı ortaya çıktığından beri tartışmalı bir konu olmuştur. Her ne kadar aşıların HPV-ilişkili kanserlerdeki etkinliği, erkeklerde ve HPV ile enfekte bireylerdeki kullanımı gibi konularda tartışmalar hala devam etse de, HPV aşıları, HPV ilişkili prekanseröz lezyonların önlenmesi konusunda bir fırsat sunmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, HPV ile ilişkili hastalıkları küresel sağlık sorunları olarak kabul etmekte ve rutin HPV aşılarının ulusal aşılama programlarına dahil edilmesi gerektiğini önermektedir. Bazı yüksek gelirli ülkeler nispeten yüksek oranda HPV aşılama oranlarına sahipken, düşük gelirli ülkeler HPV aşısına ulaşma konusunda gecikmektedir. Türkiye’de mevcut HPV aşıları ulusal aşılama programında değildir. HPV aşılarının, düşük gelirli ve orta gelirli ülkelere ulaşımını artırmak ve sürdürmek için daha etkili olmasının ötesinde herkes için ucuz ve uygun olması da gerekir. Gerçek dünyadaki etkinliği açısından takip verilerine, bunun için de daha fazla zamana ve HPV aşıları ile ilgili daha çok araştırmaya ihtiyacımız vardır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Plummer M, Schiffman M, Castle PE, Maucort-Boulch D, Wheeler CM. A 2-year prospective study of human papillomavirus persistence among women with a cytological diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. The J Infect Dis 2007;195:1582-9.
  • 2. Saraiya M, Unger ER, Thompson TD, et al. US assessment of HPV types in cancers: implications for current and 9-valent HPV vaccines. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015;107:86.
  • 3. Viens LJ, Henley SJ, Watson M, et al. Human papillomavirus-associated cancers-united states, 2008-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65:661-6.
  • 4. Villa LL, Costa RL, Petta CA, et al. Prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine in young women: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre phase II efficacy trial. Lancet Oncol 2005;6:271-8.
  • 5. Crowe E, Pandeya N, Brotherton JM, et al. Effectiveness of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine for the prevention of cervical abnormalities: case-control study nested within a population based screening programme in Australia. BMJ 2014;348:1458.
  • 6. McNamara M, Batur P, Walsh JME, Johnson KM. HPV Update: Vaccination, screening, and associated disease. J Gen Intern Med 2016;31:1360-6.
  • 7. Giuliano AR, Palefsky JM, Goldstone S, et al. Efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against HPV Infection and disease in males. N Engl J Med 2011;364:401-11.
  • 8. Bogaards JA, Wallinga J, Brakenhoff RH, Meijer CJ, Berkhof J. Direct benefit of vaccinating boys along with girls against oncogenic human papillomavirus: bayesian evidence synthesis. BMJ 2015;350:2016.
  • 9. Elfstrom KM, Lazzarato F, Franceschi S, Dillner J, Baussano I. Human papillomavirus vaccination of boys and extended catch-up vaccination: Effects on the resilience of programs. J Infect Dis 2016;213:199-205.
  • 10. Saslow D, Castle PE, Cox JT, et al. American cancer society guideline for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine use to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors. CA Cancer J Clin 2007;57:7-28.
  • 11. Petrosky E, Bocchini JA, Jr., Hariri S, et al. Use of 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: updated HPV vaccination recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015;64:300-4.
  • 12. Meites E, Szilagyi PG, Chesson HW, Unger ER, Romero JR, Markowitz LE. Human papillomavirus vaccination for adults: Updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019;68:698-702.
  • 13. Markowitz LE, Dunne EF, Saraiya M, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practic es (ACIP). MMWR Recommendations and reports: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014;63:1-30.
  • 14. Joura EA, Giuliano AR, Iversen OE, et al. A 9-valent HPV vaccine against infection and intraepithelial neoplasia in women. N Engl J Med 2015;372:711-23.
  • 15. Meites E, Kempe A, Markowitz LE. Use of a 2-dose schedule for human papillomavirus vaccination - updated recommendations of the advisory committee on Immunization practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65:1405-8.
  • 16. Romanowski B, de Borba PC, Naud PS, et al. Sustained efficacy and immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine: analysis of a randomised placebo-controlled trial up to 6.4 years. Lancet 2009;374:1975-85.
  • 17. Vesikari T, Brodszki N, van Damme P, et al. A randomized, double-blind, phase III study of the immunogenicity and safety of a 9-valent human papillomavirus L1 virus-like particle vaccine (V503) versus gardasil® in 9-15-year-old girls. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015;34:992-8.
  • 18. Petaja T, Keranen H, Karppa T, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in healthy boys aged 10-18 years. J Adolesc Health 2009;44:33-40.
  • 19. Reisinger KS, Block SL, Lazcano-Ponce E, et al. Safety and persistent immunogenicity of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18 L1 virus-like particle vaccine in preadolescents and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26:201-9.
  • 20. Lopalco PL. Spotlight on the 9-valent HPV vaccine. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017;11:35-44.
  • 21. Van Damme P, Meijer C, Kieninger D, et al. A phase III clinical study to compare the immunogenicity and safety of the 9-valent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines in men. Vaccine 2016;34:4205-12.
  • 22. Mikamo H, Yamagishi Y, Murata S, et al. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a quadrivalent HPV vaccine in Japanese men: A randomized, Phase 3, placebo-controlled study. Vaccine 2019;37:1651-8.
  • 23. Murata S, Takeuchi Y, Yamanaka K, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in japanese boys: a phase 3, open-label study. Jpn J Infect Di 2019.
  • 24. Van Damme P, Olsson SE, Block S, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a 9-valent HPV vaccine. Pediatrics 2015;136:28-39.
  • 25. Sow PS, Watson-Jones D, Kiviat N, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine: a randomized trial in 10-25-year-old HIV-Seronegative African girls and young women. J Infect Dis 2013;207:1753-63.
  • 26. Pedersen C, Petaja T, Strauss G, et al. Immunization of early adolescent females with human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 L1 virus-like particle vaccine containing AS04 adjuvant. J Adolesc Health 2007;40:564-71.
  • 27. Lin SW, Ghosh A, Porras C, et al. HPV16 seropositivity and subsequent HPV16 infection risk in a naturally infected population: comparison of serological assays. PloS One 2013;8:53067.
  • 28. Safaeian M, Porras C, Schiffman M, et al. Epidemiological study of anti-HPV16/18 seropositivity and subsequent risk of HPV16 and -18 infections. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010;102:1653-62.
  • 29. Arbyn M, Xu L, Simoens C , Martin-Hirsch PP. Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;5:Cd009069.
  • 30. Garland SM, Hernandez-Avila M, Wheeler CM, et al. Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent anogenital diseases. N Engl J Med 2007;356:1928-43.
  • 31. Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions. N Engl J Med 2007;356:1915-27.
  • 32. Wheeler CM, Skinner SR, Del Rosario-Raymundo MR, et al. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus 16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in women older than 25 years: 7-year follow- up of the phase 3, double-blind, randomised controlled VIVIANE study. Lancet Infect Dis 2016;16:1154-68.
  • 33. Saslow D, Andrews KS, Manassaram-Baptiste D, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination guideline update: American Cancer Society guideline endorsement.CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:375-85.
  • 34. Palefsky JM, Giuliano AR, Goldstone S, et al. HPV vaccine against anal HPV infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1576-85.
  • 35. Herrero R, Quint W, Hildesheim A, et al. Reduced prevalence of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) 4 years after bivalent HPV vaccination in a randomized clinical trial in Costa Rica. PloS One 2013;8:e68329.
  • 36. Donovan B, Franklin N, Guy R, Get al. Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination and trends in genital warts in Australia: analysis of national sentinel surveillance data. Lancet Infect Dis 2011;11:39-44.
  • 37. Bauer HM, Wright G, Chow J. Evidence of human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness in reducing genital warts: an analysis of California public family planning administrative claims data, 2007-2010. Am J Public Health 2012;102:833-5.
  • 38. Herweijer E, Ploner A, Sparen P. Substantially reduced incidence of genital warts in women and men six years after HPV vaccine availability in Sweden. Vaccine 2018;36:1917-20.
  • 39. Drolet M, Benard E, Boily MC, et al. Population-level impact and herd effects following human papillomavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2015;15:565-80.
  • 40. Kjaer SK, Nygard M, Dillner J, et al. A 12-year follow-up on the long-term effectiveness of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in 4 nordic countries. Clin Infect Dis 2018;66:339-45.
  • 41. De Vincenzo R, Conte C, Ricci C, Scambia G , Capelli G. Long-term efficacy and safety of human papillomavirus vaccination. Int J Womens Health 2014;6:999-1010.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Review Articles
Yazarlar

Sinan Özçelik 0000-0003-2115-276X

Fatma Arzu Kılıc 0000-0003-2983-065X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Özçelik S, Kılıc FA. Human papillomavirus vaccination: review of the current evidence. Mucosa. 2019;2(4):86-94.