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Panoramik Radyografide Yumuşak Doku Kalsifikasyon ve Ossifikasyonları

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 62 - 69, 25.08.2021

Ali Altındağ İbrahim Yüksel

https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2021.18

Öz

Panoramik Radyografide Yumuşak Doku Kalsifikasyon ve Ossifikasyonları
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı panoramik radyografilerde rastlantısal olarak karşılaşılan ve çoğu kez gözden kaçabilen yumuşak doku kalsifikasyonlarının görülme sıklığını belirlemektir.
Giriş: Panoramik radyografiler, diş hekimliğinde her iki diş arkını gösteren klinik muayeneyi destekleyici bir görüntüleme tekniğidir. Maksillofasiyal bölgede yumuşak doku kalsifikasyonları nadir olarak görülmektedir ve genellikle panoramik radyografiler gibi rutin muayenelerde rastlantısal olarak tespit edilmektedir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi Bölümü’ne Nisan 2020-Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında başvuran 2640 hastanın panoramik radyografileri çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Bu grafilerde tonsilolit, siyalolit, karotid arter kalsifikasyonu, stylohyoid ligament kalsifikasyonu (SLK), lenf nodu kalsifikasyonu, tritiseöz ve tiroid kıkırdak kalsifikasyonu taranmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular yaş, cinsiyet ve kalsifikasyon çeşitlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Veriler betimsel istatistikler ve Ki-kare testleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir (p<0.05).
Bulgular: Yumuşak doku kalsifikasyonu 2640 hastanın 157’sinde (%5,94) tespit edilmiştir. Hastalarda %54,14 tonsilolit, %36,3 SLK, %4,45 kalsifiye aterosklerotik plak, %3,82 siyalolit ve %1,27 tritiseöz kartilaj kalsifikasyonu görülmüştür. Yumuşak doku kalsifikasyonlarının görülmesinde cinsiyet ve yaş ile ilişkili anlamlı bir fark kaydedilmemiştir (p<0,05).
Sonuç: En çok gözlenen yumuşak doku kalsifikasyonu tonsilolit olmuştur. Bununla birlikte siyaloloit, karotid arter kalsifikasyonu, SLK ve tritiseöz kıkırdak kalsifikasyonu görülmüştür. Panoramik radyografi diş hekimliği klinik pratiğinde rutin kullanımı, ucuz olması ve düşük radyasyon dozu gibi özellikleri sayesinde yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyonlarının ilk değerlendirmesinde fayda sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Panoramik radyografi kalsifikasyonlar yumuşak doku

Kaynakça

  • 1. Scarfe WC, Farman AG. Soft tissue calcifications in the neck: Maxillofacial CBCT presentation and significance. AADMRT Newsletter, 2010;2:3-15.
  • 2. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Soft tissue calcification and ossification. Oral Radiology Principles and Interpretation 7.ed, 2014, Elsevier, Kanada s; 524-41.
  • 3. Noffke CEE, Raubenheimer EJ, Chabikuli NJ. Radiopacities in soft tissue on dental radiographs: Diagnostic considerations. SADJ 2015; 70(2): 53-9.
  • 4. Kanlı A, Özkan G. Yumuşak dokuda radyoopak görüntü veren lezyonlar. Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci-Special Topics 2010; 1(2): 58-65.
  • 5. Monsour PA, Romaniuk K, Hutchings RD. Soft tissue calcifications in the differential diagnosis of opacities superimposed over the mandible by dental panoramic radiography. Aust Dent J 1991;36:94-101.
  • 6. Alattar MM, Baughman RA, Collett WK. A survey of panoramic radiographs for evaluation of normal and pathologic findings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1980;50:472-8.
  • 7. Barrett AP, Waters BE, Griffiths CJ. A critical evaluation of panoramic radiography as a screening procedure in dental practice. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;57:673-7.
  • 8. Valiyaparambil J, Rengasamy K, Mallya SM. An unusual soft tissue radiopacity – radiographic appearance of a dermal filler. Br Dent J 2009;207:211–2.
  • 9. Keberle M, Robinson S. Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck. Eur Radiol 2007;17:2103-11.
  • 10. Ahmad M, Madden R, Perez L. Triticeous cartilage: Prevalence on panoramic radiographs and diagnostic criteria. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Oral Endod 2005;99:225-30.
  • 11. Garay I, Netto HD, Olate S. Soft tissue calcified in mandibular angle area observed by means of panoramic radiography. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014;7:51-6.
  • 12. Babu BB, Tejasvi MLA, Avinash CK, Tonsillolith BC. A panoramic radiograph presentation. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7(10):2378-9
  • 13. Kamikawa RS, Pereira MF, Fernandes A, Meurer MI. Study of the localization of radiopacities similar to calcified carotid atheroma by means of panoramic radiography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Oral Endod 2006;101:374-8.
  • 14. Thakur J, Minhas R, Thakur A, Sharma D, Mohindroo N. Giant tonsillolith causing odynophagia in a child: a rare case report. Cases J 2008; 1: 50.
  • 15. Avsever, H. (2018). Çene Kemiği ve Çevre Dokuları Etkileyen Kalsifikasyonlar. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics, 4(1), 43-52.
  • 16. Silvestre-Donat FJ, Pla-Mocholi A, Estelles-Ferriol E, Martinez-Mihi V. Giant tonsillolith: report of a case. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2005; 10(3): 239-42.
  • 17. Carter LC. Discrimination between calcified triticeous cartilage and calcified carotid atheroma on panoramic radiography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90(1):108-10.
  • 18. Ketenci, F. (2020). Submandibular Tükürük Bezi Tasi: Iki Olgu Sunumu. Turkiye Klinikleri. Dishekimligi Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(3), 513-515
  • 19. Carter LC. Soft tissue calcifications and ossifications. White SC, Pharoah MJ, eds. Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier; 2014. p.524-41.
  • 20. de Moura MD, Madureira DF, Noman-Ferreira LC, Abdo EN, de Aguiar EG, Freire AR. Tonsillolith: A report of three clinical cases. Med Oral P atol Oral Cir Bucal 2007; 12: E130-3.
  • 21. Sutter W, Berger S, Meier M, Kropp A, Kielbassa AM, Turhani D. Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of carotid artery calcifications, tonsilloliths, calcified submandibular lymph nodes, sialoliths of the submandibular gland, and idiopathic osteosclerosis using digital panoramic radiography in a Lower Austrian subpopulation. Quintessence Int. 2018 Jan 22: 231-42. 22. Scarfe WC, Farman AG. Soft tissue calcifications in the neck: Maxillofacial CBCT presentation and significance. AADMRT Currrents 2010; 2: 1-15
  • 23. de Oliveira Cde N, Amaral TM, Abdo EN, Mesquita RA. Bilateral tonsilloliths and calcified carotid atheromas: case report and literature review. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 1(2): 179-82.
  • 24. Aoun G, Nasseh I, Diab HA, Bacho R. Palatine Tonsilloliths: A Retrospective Study on 500 Digital Panoramic Radiographs. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, October 2018; 19(10): 1284-7.
  • 25. Bamgbose BO, Ruprecht A, Hellstein J, Timmons S, Qian F. The prevalence of tonsilloliths and other soft tissue calcifications in patients attending oral and maxillofacial radiology clinic of the University of Iowa. ISRN Dent. 2014; 839635.
  • 26. Oda M, Kito S, Tanaka T, Nishida I, Awano S, Fujita Y, et al. Prevalence and imaging characteristics of detectable tonsilloliths on 482 pairs of consecutive CT and panoramic radiographs. BMC Oral Health. 2013; 13: 54.
  • 27. Cooper MM, Steinberg JJ, Lastra M, Antopol S. Tonsillar calculi. Report of a case and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1983, 55(3): 239-43.
  • 28. Fauroux MA, Mas C, Tramini P, Torres JH. Prevalence of palatine tonsilloliths: a retrospective study on 150 consecutive CT examinations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013; 42(7): 20120429.
  • 29. Laurie C. Soft tissue calcification and ossification In: White Sc, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology Principles and interpretation. 2004, Mosby: St. Louis, p. 599-600.
  • 30. Monsour, P. A., & Young, W. G. (1986). Variability of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament in panoramic radiographs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 61(5), 522-526. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(86)90399-3
  • 31. Öztaş, B., & Orhan, K. (2012). Investigation of the incidence of stylohyoid ligament calcifications with panoramic radiographs. J Investig Clin Dent, 3(1), 30-35. doi:10.1111/j.2041-1626.2011.00081.x
  • 32. Sancak, B., & Cumhur, M. Fonksiyonel anatomi (Baş-boyun ve iç organlar), Odtü yayıncılık, 2004, ISBN. In: Ankara.
  • 33. Keur JJ, Campbell JP, McCarthy JF, Ralph WJ. The clinical significance of the elongated styloid process. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986; 61(4): 399–404
  • 34. Koivumäki, A., Marinescu-Gava, M., Järnstedt, J., Sándor, G., Wolff, J. J. I. j. o. o., & surgery, m. (2012). Trauma induced eagle syndrome. 41(3), 350-353.
  • 35. Fini, G., Gasparini, G., Filippini, F., Becelli, R., & Marcotullio, D. (2000). The long styloid process syndrome or Eagle's syndrome. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 28(2), 123-127. doi:10.1054/jcms.2000.0128
  • 36. Ghosh, L. M., & Dubey, S. P. J. A. N. L. (1999). The syndrome of elongated styloid process. 26(2), 169-175.
  • 37. lgüy, M., İlgüy, D., Güler, N., & Bayirli, G. J. J. o. i. m. r. (2005). Incidence of the type and calcification patterns in patients with elongated styloid process. 33(1), 96-102.
  • 38. Kaufman, S. M., Elzay, R. P., & Irish, E. F. J. A. o. o. (1970). Styloid process variation: radiologic and clinical study. 91(5), 460-463
  • 39. EAGLE, W. W. J. A. a. o. o. (1958). Elongated styloid process: symptoms and treatment. 67(2), 172-176.
  • 40. Savranlar, A., Uzun, L., Uğur, M. B., & Ozer, T. (2005). Three-dimensional CT of Eagle's syndrome. Diagn Interv Radiol, 11(4), 206-209.
  • 41. Piagkou, M., Anagnostopoulou, S., Kouladouros, K., & Piagkos, G. (2009). Eagle's syndrome: a review of the literature. Clin Anat, 22(5), 545-558. doi:10.1002/ca.20804
  • 42. More CB, Aarani MK. Evaluation of the styloid process on digital panoramic radiograph. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2010; 20(4): 261–5.
  • 43. AlZarea BK. Prevalence and pattern of the elongated styloid process among geriatric patients in saudi Arabia. Clinical Interventions in Aging 2017: 12; 611–7.
  • 44. Bozkir MG, Boga H, Dere F. The evaluation of styloid process in panoramic radiographs in edentulous patients. Tr J Med Sci 1999; 29: 481-5.
  • 45. MacDonald-Jankowski, D. S. (2001). Calcification of the stylohyoid complex in Londoners and Hong Kong Chinese. Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 30(1), 35-39. doi:10.1038/sj/dmfr/4600574
  • 46. Atalay Y, Asutay F, Agacayak KS, Koparal M, Adali F, Gulsun B. Evaluation of calcified carotid atheroma on panoramic radiographs and Doppler ultrasonography in an older population. Clinical Interventions in Aging 2015; 10: 1121-9.
  • 47. Bayer S, Helfgen EH, Bös C, Kraus D, Enkling N, Mues S. Prevalence of findings compatible with carotid artery calcifications on dental panoramic radiographs. Clin Oral Invest 2011; 15: 563–9.
  • 48. Friedlander AH, Manesh F, Wasterlain CG (1994) Prevalence of detectable carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs of recent stroke victims. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 77:669–673
  • 49. Friedlander AH, Maeder LA (2000) The prevalence of calcified carotid artery atheromas on the panoramic radiographs of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 89:420–424
  • 50. Almog DM, Illig KA, Carter LC et al (2004) Diagnosis of non-dental conditions. Carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs identify patients at risk for stroke. N Y State Dent J 70:20–25
  • 51. Wood N, Goaz PW, Lehnert JF. Periapical radioopacities: wood NK, Goaz PW. Differential Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions. Mosby USA, 471-472,1997
  • 52. Biddle RJ., Arora S. Giant Sialolith of the Submandibular Salivary Gland. Radiol Case Rep, 2008;3(2): 101.
  • 53. Rodrigues GHC. et al. Giant submandibular sialolith conservatively treated. Autops Case Rep, 2017;7(1): 9-11
  • 54. Lee JS, Kang BC. Screening panoramic radiographs in a group of patients visiting a Health Promotion Center. Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2005; 35: 199-202.
  • 55. Kanlı A, Özkan G. Yumuşak dokuda radyoopak görüntü veren lezyonlar. Türkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci-Special Topics 2010;1(2):58-65.
  • 56. Yıldırım D, Bilgir E. Baş boyun bölgesindeki yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon ve ossifikasyonları. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni 2015;13:82-90.
  • 57. Ajmani ML, Jain SP, Saxena SK. A metrical study of laryngeal cartilages and their ossification. Anat Anz 1980; 148: 42-8.
  • 58. O’Bannon RP, Grunow OH. The larynx and pharynx radiologically considered. South Med J 1954; 47: 310-6.

Soft Tissue Calcifications and Ossifications on Panoramic Radiography

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 62 - 69, 25.08.2021

Ali Altındağ İbrahim Yüksel

https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2021.18

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1. Scarfe WC, Farman AG. Soft tissue calcifications in the neck: Maxillofacial CBCT presentation and significance. AADMRT Newsletter, 2010;2:3-15.
  • 2. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Soft tissue calcification and ossification. Oral Radiology Principles and Interpretation 7.ed, 2014, Elsevier, Kanada s; 524-41.
  • 3. Noffke CEE, Raubenheimer EJ, Chabikuli NJ. Radiopacities in soft tissue on dental radiographs: Diagnostic considerations. SADJ 2015; 70(2): 53-9.
  • 4. Kanlı A, Özkan G. Yumuşak dokuda radyoopak görüntü veren lezyonlar. Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci-Special Topics 2010; 1(2): 58-65.
  • 5. Monsour PA, Romaniuk K, Hutchings RD. Soft tissue calcifications in the differential diagnosis of opacities superimposed over the mandible by dental panoramic radiography. Aust Dent J 1991;36:94-101.
  • 6. Alattar MM, Baughman RA, Collett WK. A survey of panoramic radiographs for evaluation of normal and pathologic findings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1980;50:472-8.
  • 7. Barrett AP, Waters BE, Griffiths CJ. A critical evaluation of panoramic radiography as a screening procedure in dental practice. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;57:673-7.
  • 8. Valiyaparambil J, Rengasamy K, Mallya SM. An unusual soft tissue radiopacity – radiographic appearance of a dermal filler. Br Dent J 2009;207:211–2.
  • 9. Keberle M, Robinson S. Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck. Eur Radiol 2007;17:2103-11.
  • 10. Ahmad M, Madden R, Perez L. Triticeous cartilage: Prevalence on panoramic radiographs and diagnostic criteria. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Oral Endod 2005;99:225-30.
  • 11. Garay I, Netto HD, Olate S. Soft tissue calcified in mandibular angle area observed by means of panoramic radiography. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014;7:51-6.
  • 12. Babu BB, Tejasvi MLA, Avinash CK, Tonsillolith BC. A panoramic radiograph presentation. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7(10):2378-9
  • 13. Kamikawa RS, Pereira MF, Fernandes A, Meurer MI. Study of the localization of radiopacities similar to calcified carotid atheroma by means of panoramic radiography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Oral Endod 2006;101:374-8.
  • 14. Thakur J, Minhas R, Thakur A, Sharma D, Mohindroo N. Giant tonsillolith causing odynophagia in a child: a rare case report. Cases J 2008; 1: 50.
  • 15. Avsever, H. (2018). Çene Kemiği ve Çevre Dokuları Etkileyen Kalsifikasyonlar. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics, 4(1), 43-52.
  • 16. Silvestre-Donat FJ, Pla-Mocholi A, Estelles-Ferriol E, Martinez-Mihi V. Giant tonsillolith: report of a case. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2005; 10(3): 239-42.
  • 17. Carter LC. Discrimination between calcified triticeous cartilage and calcified carotid atheroma on panoramic radiography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90(1):108-10.
  • 18. Ketenci, F. (2020). Submandibular Tükürük Bezi Tasi: Iki Olgu Sunumu. Turkiye Klinikleri. Dishekimligi Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(3), 513-515
  • 19. Carter LC. Soft tissue calcifications and ossifications. White SC, Pharoah MJ, eds. Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier; 2014. p.524-41.
  • 20. de Moura MD, Madureira DF, Noman-Ferreira LC, Abdo EN, de Aguiar EG, Freire AR. Tonsillolith: A report of three clinical cases. Med Oral P atol Oral Cir Bucal 2007; 12: E130-3.
  • 21. Sutter W, Berger S, Meier M, Kropp A, Kielbassa AM, Turhani D. Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of carotid artery calcifications, tonsilloliths, calcified submandibular lymph nodes, sialoliths of the submandibular gland, and idiopathic osteosclerosis using digital panoramic radiography in a Lower Austrian subpopulation. Quintessence Int. 2018 Jan 22: 231-42. 22. Scarfe WC, Farman AG. Soft tissue calcifications in the neck: Maxillofacial CBCT presentation and significance. AADMRT Currrents 2010; 2: 1-15
  • 23. de Oliveira Cde N, Amaral TM, Abdo EN, Mesquita RA. Bilateral tonsilloliths and calcified carotid atheromas: case report and literature review. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 1(2): 179-82.
  • 24. Aoun G, Nasseh I, Diab HA, Bacho R. Palatine Tonsilloliths: A Retrospective Study on 500 Digital Panoramic Radiographs. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, October 2018; 19(10): 1284-7.
  • 25. Bamgbose BO, Ruprecht A, Hellstein J, Timmons S, Qian F. The prevalence of tonsilloliths and other soft tissue calcifications in patients attending oral and maxillofacial radiology clinic of the University of Iowa. ISRN Dent. 2014; 839635.
  • 26. Oda M, Kito S, Tanaka T, Nishida I, Awano S, Fujita Y, et al. Prevalence and imaging characteristics of detectable tonsilloliths on 482 pairs of consecutive CT and panoramic radiographs. BMC Oral Health. 2013; 13: 54.
  • 27. Cooper MM, Steinberg JJ, Lastra M, Antopol S. Tonsillar calculi. Report of a case and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1983, 55(3): 239-43.
  • 28. Fauroux MA, Mas C, Tramini P, Torres JH. Prevalence of palatine tonsilloliths: a retrospective study on 150 consecutive CT examinations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013; 42(7): 20120429.
  • 29. Laurie C. Soft tissue calcification and ossification In: White Sc, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology Principles and interpretation. 2004, Mosby: St. Louis, p. 599-600.
  • 30. Monsour, P. A., & Young, W. G. (1986). Variability of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament in panoramic radiographs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 61(5), 522-526. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(86)90399-3
  • 31. Öztaş, B., & Orhan, K. (2012). Investigation of the incidence of stylohyoid ligament calcifications with panoramic radiographs. J Investig Clin Dent, 3(1), 30-35. doi:10.1111/j.2041-1626.2011.00081.x
  • 32. Sancak, B., & Cumhur, M. Fonksiyonel anatomi (Baş-boyun ve iç organlar), Odtü yayıncılık, 2004, ISBN. In: Ankara.
  • 33. Keur JJ, Campbell JP, McCarthy JF, Ralph WJ. The clinical significance of the elongated styloid process. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986; 61(4): 399–404
  • 34. Koivumäki, A., Marinescu-Gava, M., Järnstedt, J., Sándor, G., Wolff, J. J. I. j. o. o., & surgery, m. (2012). Trauma induced eagle syndrome. 41(3), 350-353.
  • 35. Fini, G., Gasparini, G., Filippini, F., Becelli, R., & Marcotullio, D. (2000). The long styloid process syndrome or Eagle's syndrome. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 28(2), 123-127. doi:10.1054/jcms.2000.0128
  • 36. Ghosh, L. M., & Dubey, S. P. J. A. N. L. (1999). The syndrome of elongated styloid process. 26(2), 169-175.
  • 37. lgüy, M., İlgüy, D., Güler, N., & Bayirli, G. J. J. o. i. m. r. (2005). Incidence of the type and calcification patterns in patients with elongated styloid process. 33(1), 96-102.
  • 38. Kaufman, S. M., Elzay, R. P., & Irish, E. F. J. A. o. o. (1970). Styloid process variation: radiologic and clinical study. 91(5), 460-463
  • 39. EAGLE, W. W. J. A. a. o. o. (1958). Elongated styloid process: symptoms and treatment. 67(2), 172-176.
  • 40. Savranlar, A., Uzun, L., Uğur, M. B., & Ozer, T. (2005). Three-dimensional CT of Eagle's syndrome. Diagn Interv Radiol, 11(4), 206-209.
  • 41. Piagkou, M., Anagnostopoulou, S., Kouladouros, K., & Piagkos, G. (2009). Eagle's syndrome: a review of the literature. Clin Anat, 22(5), 545-558. doi:10.1002/ca.20804
  • 42. More CB, Aarani MK. Evaluation of the styloid process on digital panoramic radiograph. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2010; 20(4): 261–5.
  • 43. AlZarea BK. Prevalence and pattern of the elongated styloid process among geriatric patients in saudi Arabia. Clinical Interventions in Aging 2017: 12; 611–7.
  • 44. Bozkir MG, Boga H, Dere F. The evaluation of styloid process in panoramic radiographs in edentulous patients. Tr J Med Sci 1999; 29: 481-5.
  • 45. MacDonald-Jankowski, D. S. (2001). Calcification of the stylohyoid complex in Londoners and Hong Kong Chinese. Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 30(1), 35-39. doi:10.1038/sj/dmfr/4600574
  • 46. Atalay Y, Asutay F, Agacayak KS, Koparal M, Adali F, Gulsun B. Evaluation of calcified carotid atheroma on panoramic radiographs and Doppler ultrasonography in an older population. Clinical Interventions in Aging 2015; 10: 1121-9.
  • 47. Bayer S, Helfgen EH, Bös C, Kraus D, Enkling N, Mues S. Prevalence of findings compatible with carotid artery calcifications on dental panoramic radiographs. Clin Oral Invest 2011; 15: 563–9.
  • 48. Friedlander AH, Manesh F, Wasterlain CG (1994) Prevalence of detectable carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs of recent stroke victims. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 77:669–673
  • 49. Friedlander AH, Maeder LA (2000) The prevalence of calcified carotid artery atheromas on the panoramic radiographs of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 89:420–424
  • 50. Almog DM, Illig KA, Carter LC et al (2004) Diagnosis of non-dental conditions. Carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs identify patients at risk for stroke. N Y State Dent J 70:20–25
  • 51. Wood N, Goaz PW, Lehnert JF. Periapical radioopacities: wood NK, Goaz PW. Differential Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions. Mosby USA, 471-472,1997
  • 52. Biddle RJ., Arora S. Giant Sialolith of the Submandibular Salivary Gland. Radiol Case Rep, 2008;3(2): 101.
  • 53. Rodrigues GHC. et al. Giant submandibular sialolith conservatively treated. Autops Case Rep, 2017;7(1): 9-11
  • 54. Lee JS, Kang BC. Screening panoramic radiographs in a group of patients visiting a Health Promotion Center. Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2005; 35: 199-202.
  • 55. Kanlı A, Özkan G. Yumuşak dokuda radyoopak görüntü veren lezyonlar. Türkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci-Special Topics 2010;1(2):58-65.
  • 56. Yıldırım D, Bilgir E. Baş boyun bölgesindeki yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon ve ossifikasyonları. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni 2015;13:82-90.
  • 57. Ajmani ML, Jain SP, Saxena SK. A metrical study of laryngeal cartilages and their ossification. Anat Anz 1980; 148: 42-8.
  • 58. O’Bannon RP, Grunow OH. The larynx and pharynx radiologically considered. South Med J 1954; 47: 310-6.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Ali Altındağ 0000-0001-8549-5193

İbrahim Yüksel Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6465-401X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ağustos 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Temmuz 2021
Kabul Tarihi 11 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Altındağ A, Yüksel İ. Panoramik Radyografide Yumuşak Doku Kalsifikasyon ve Ossifikasyonları. NEU Dent J. 2021;3(2):62-9.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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