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Evaluation Of The Validity And Reliability Of The Turkish Version Of The Perceived Vulnerability To Disease Scale

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 45 Sayı: 2, 188 - 197, 15.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1150154

Öz

The spread of communicable diseases and causing disease in many living things is defined as an epidemic. Epidemics lead to an increase in anxiety and fear levels in society. Studies show that disgust also promotes psychologically-based response behaviors that serve as the first line of defense against pathogens, especially in situations such as pandemics. All of these defensive responses are referred to as the "behavioral immune system". The behavioral immune system is involved in triggering perceived vulnerability to infectious disease (PVD). This system is hypersensitive to any sign that might represent a threat from a pathogen, thus minimizing the possibility of infection. Studies show that protective behaviors are based on perceptions of high vulnerability to the disease. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the PVD-S for Turkish society and language. The study is methodological research conducted between February and April 2021. The participants were university students studying at different faculties. In the reliability analysis of the Turkish version of the scale, the internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.712. Test-retest evaluation of the scale yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.882 and a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.815. When content equivalent form validity was evaluated, it was found that there was a weak and positive correlation between the SAI and PVD-S scores (r=0.268; p=0.003). The total variance explained by the scale after EFA was calculated as 56.517% and it was found that the scale items were divided into 4 sub-dimensions (infection perception, infection perception reverse-scored, germ avoidance, germ avoidance reverse-scored) using the Varimax rotation method. According to the data we obtained as a result of our study, it appears that the Turkish version of the PVD-S has sufficient psychometric properties and has adequate validity and reliability, especially in the young population.

Kaynakça

  • World Healh Organization. WHO | Regional Office for Africa - WHO | Regional Office for Africa. World Heal Organ [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Mar 19];1–5. Available from: https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/communicable-diseases
  • Yurdakul ES. Tarihte Önemli Bulaşıcı Hastalık Salgınları. Türkiye Klin Halk Sağlığı - Özel Konular [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Dec 17];1(3):1–6. Available from: https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/tr-tarihte-onemli-bulasici-hastalik-salginlari-74183.html
  • Sümer N. Öğretim Üyemiz Nebi Sümer’den Covid-19’un etkileri | Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 17]. Available from: https://fass.sabanciuniv.edu/en/announcement-detail?nid=81775
  • Taylor S. The Psychology of Pandemics: Preparing for the Next Global Outbreak of Infectious Disease [Internet]. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2019 [cited 2021 Mar 19]. Available from: https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=8mq1DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&ots=jxkBY3UxoT&sig=5SqR2EfxFVtpvcQdHF8nIMQYK8&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
  • Harper CA, Satchell LP, Fido D et al. Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Ment Health Addict [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Mar 19];1. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7185265/
  • Murray DR, Schaller M. The behavioral immune system: Implications for social cognition, social interaction, and social influence. In: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Academic Press Inc.; 2016. p. 75–129.
  • Schaller M, Park JH. The Behavioral Immune System (and Why It Matters). Curr Dir Psychol Sci [Internet]. 2011 Apr 15 [cited 2020 Dec 10];20(2):99–103. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0963721411402596
  • Schaller M. The behavioural immune system and the psychology of human sociality [Internet]. Vol. 366, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Royal Society; 2011 [cited 2021 Mar 19]. p. 3418–26. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3189350/
  • Duncan LA, Schaller M, Park JH. Perceived vulnerability to disease: Development and validation of a 15-item self-report instrument. Pers Individ Dif. 2009 Oct 1;47(6):541–6.
  • World Health Organization. Archived: WHO Timeline - COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Mar 19]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19
  • WHO. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard | WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Jun 21]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/
  • Yamada Y, Xu H, Sasaki K. A dataset for the perceived vulnerability to disease scale in Japan before the spread of COVID-19. F1000Research [Internet]. 2020; 9: 334-344. [cited 2020 Dec 18] Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7468562/?report=abstract
  • Murray DR, Schaller M. Threat(s) and conformity deconstructed: Perceived threat of infectious disease and its implications for conformist attitudes and behavior. Eur J Soc Psychol [Internet]. 2012 Mar 1 [cited 2021 Mar 22];42(2):180–8. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ejsp.863
  • Velikonja NK, Erjavec K, Verdenik I, et al. Association between preventive behaviour and anxiety at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia. Zdr Varst [Internet]. 2020 Dec 31 [cited 2021 Mar 23];60(1):17–24. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7780767/
  • Kara M, Somer A. Meningokok Aşıları. Çocuk Derg. 2019;51–9.
  • Montani D, Savale L, Noel N, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. European Respiratory Review [cited 2022 Apr 27]; 2022; 31: 210185 Available from: https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0185-2021
  • Ahmadzadeh M, Ghamarani A, Samadi M, et al. The Investıgatıon Of Valıdıty And Relıabılıty Of A Scale Of Perceıved Vulnerabılıty To Dısease In Iran. Br J Soc Sci. 2013;1(4):43–51.
  • Díaz A, Soriano JF, Beleña Á. Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire: Factor structure, psychometric properties and gender differences. Pers Individ Dif. 2016 Oct 1;101:42–9.
  • Alsharawy A, Spoon R, Smith A, et al. Gender Differences in Fear and Risk Perception During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol. 2021 Aug 5;12:3104.
  • Lebel S, Mutsaers B, Tomei C, et al. Health anxiety and illness-related fears across diverse chronic illnesses: A systematic review on conceptualization, measurement, prevalence, course, and correlates. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020 Jul 1 [cited 2022 May 5];15(7). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7384626/
  • Liu C, Sun C-K, Chang Y-C, et al. The Impact of the Fear of COVID-19 on Purchase Behavior of Dietary Supplements: Integration of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Protection Motivation Theory. Sustainability. 2021;13(12900):1–17.

Hastalıklara Karşı Savunmasızlık Algısı Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Sürümünün Geçerlilik Ve Güvenilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 45 Sayı: 2, 188 - 197, 15.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1150154

Öz

Bulaşıcı hastalıkların yayılarak çok sayıda canlıda hastalık oluşturması, salgın hastalık olarak tanımlanır. Salgınlar, toplumda korku ve kaygı seviyelerinde yükselişe neden olur. Çalışmalar, tiksinti duymanın da özellikle pandemi gibi durumlarda patojenlere karşı ilk savunma hattı olarak hareket eden psikolojik temelli tepki davranışlarını desteklediğini göstermektedir. Bu savunma tepkileri “davranışsal bağışıklık sistemi” olarak adlandırılmıştır. Davranışsal bağışıklık sistemi bulaşıcı bir hastalığa karşı savunmasızlık algısının (PVD) tetiklenmesiyle ilgilidir. Bu sistem patojen tehdidi olabilecek herhangi bir işarete aşırı duyarlı bir şekilde tepki vererek, enfekte olma olasılığını en aza indirir. Çalışmalar korunmacı davranışların, hastalığa karşı yüksek savunmasızlık algısına dayandığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada Hastalıklara Karşı Savunmasızlık Algısı Ölçeği’nin (HKSA-Ö) Türk toplumu ve dili için geçerliliğini ve güvenilirliğini değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, Şubat-Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında yapılan metodolojik tipte bir araştırmadır. Katılımcılar farklı fakültelerde eğitim gören üniversite öğrencilerinden oluşuyordu. Ölçeğin Türkçe sürümünün güvenilirlik analizlerinde iç tutarlılık-Cronbach alfa katsayısı “0,712” olarak bulundu. Ölçeğin test-tekrar test değerlendirmesinde sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı “0,882”, spearman korelasyon katsayısı “0,815” olarak tespit edildi. Kapsam-eş değer form geçerliliğinin değerlendirilmesinde Sağlık Anksiyetesi Ölçeği’nden (SAÖ) alınan puanlar ile HKSA-Ö’den alınan puanlar arasında düşük kuvvette ve pozitif yönlü bir korelasyon olduğu saptandı (r=0,268; p=0,003). AFA’ya göre ölçeğin açıkladığı toplam varyans %56.517 olarak hesaplandı ve varimax döndürme metodu ile ölçek maddelerinin 4 alt boyuta (Enfeksiyon Algısı, Enfeksiyon Algısı Ters Puanlı, Mikroptan Kaçınma, Mikroptan Kaçınma Ters Puanlı) ayrıldığı izlendi. Çalışmamızın sonucunda elde ettiğimiz verilere göre HKSA-Ö’nün Türkçe sürümünün yeterli psikometrik özelliklere sahip olduğu ve özellikle genç popülasyonda yeterli geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğe sahip olduğu izlenmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • World Healh Organization. WHO | Regional Office for Africa - WHO | Regional Office for Africa. World Heal Organ [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Mar 19];1–5. Available from: https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/communicable-diseases
  • Yurdakul ES. Tarihte Önemli Bulaşıcı Hastalık Salgınları. Türkiye Klin Halk Sağlığı - Özel Konular [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Dec 17];1(3):1–6. Available from: https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/tr-tarihte-onemli-bulasici-hastalik-salginlari-74183.html
  • Sümer N. Öğretim Üyemiz Nebi Sümer’den Covid-19’un etkileri | Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 17]. Available from: https://fass.sabanciuniv.edu/en/announcement-detail?nid=81775
  • Taylor S. The Psychology of Pandemics: Preparing for the Next Global Outbreak of Infectious Disease [Internet]. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2019 [cited 2021 Mar 19]. Available from: https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=8mq1DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&ots=jxkBY3UxoT&sig=5SqR2EfxFVtpvcQdHF8nIMQYK8&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
  • Harper CA, Satchell LP, Fido D et al. Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Ment Health Addict [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Mar 19];1. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7185265/
  • Murray DR, Schaller M. The behavioral immune system: Implications for social cognition, social interaction, and social influence. In: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Academic Press Inc.; 2016. p. 75–129.
  • Schaller M, Park JH. The Behavioral Immune System (and Why It Matters). Curr Dir Psychol Sci [Internet]. 2011 Apr 15 [cited 2020 Dec 10];20(2):99–103. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0963721411402596
  • Schaller M. The behavioural immune system and the psychology of human sociality [Internet]. Vol. 366, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Royal Society; 2011 [cited 2021 Mar 19]. p. 3418–26. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3189350/
  • Duncan LA, Schaller M, Park JH. Perceived vulnerability to disease: Development and validation of a 15-item self-report instrument. Pers Individ Dif. 2009 Oct 1;47(6):541–6.
  • World Health Organization. Archived: WHO Timeline - COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Mar 19]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19
  • WHO. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard | WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Jun 21]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/
  • Yamada Y, Xu H, Sasaki K. A dataset for the perceived vulnerability to disease scale in Japan before the spread of COVID-19. F1000Research [Internet]. 2020; 9: 334-344. [cited 2020 Dec 18] Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7468562/?report=abstract
  • Murray DR, Schaller M. Threat(s) and conformity deconstructed: Perceived threat of infectious disease and its implications for conformist attitudes and behavior. Eur J Soc Psychol [Internet]. 2012 Mar 1 [cited 2021 Mar 22];42(2):180–8. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ejsp.863
  • Velikonja NK, Erjavec K, Verdenik I, et al. Association between preventive behaviour and anxiety at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia. Zdr Varst [Internet]. 2020 Dec 31 [cited 2021 Mar 23];60(1):17–24. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7780767/
  • Kara M, Somer A. Meningokok Aşıları. Çocuk Derg. 2019;51–9.
  • Montani D, Savale L, Noel N, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. European Respiratory Review [cited 2022 Apr 27]; 2022; 31: 210185 Available from: https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0185-2021
  • Ahmadzadeh M, Ghamarani A, Samadi M, et al. The Investıgatıon Of Valıdıty And Relıabılıty Of A Scale Of Perceıved Vulnerabılıty To Dısease In Iran. Br J Soc Sci. 2013;1(4):43–51.
  • Díaz A, Soriano JF, Beleña Á. Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire: Factor structure, psychometric properties and gender differences. Pers Individ Dif. 2016 Oct 1;101:42–9.
  • Alsharawy A, Spoon R, Smith A, et al. Gender Differences in Fear and Risk Perception During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol. 2021 Aug 5;12:3104.
  • Lebel S, Mutsaers B, Tomei C, et al. Health anxiety and illness-related fears across diverse chronic illnesses: A systematic review on conceptualization, measurement, prevalence, course, and correlates. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020 Jul 1 [cited 2022 May 5];15(7). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7384626/
  • Liu C, Sun C-K, Chang Y-C, et al. The Impact of the Fear of COVID-19 on Purchase Behavior of Dietary Supplements: Integration of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Protection Motivation Theory. Sustainability. 2021;13(12900):1–17.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm ORİJİNAL MAKALELER / ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Yazarlar

Egemen Ünal 0000-0002-9939-9191

Arzu Özlem 0000-0003-1235-7878

Mehmet Enes Gökler 0000-0002-1524-8565

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 45 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Ünal E, Özlem A, Gökler ME. Evaluation Of The Validity And Reliability Of The Turkish Version Of The Perceived Vulnerability To Disease Scale. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2023;45(2):188-97.


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