Araştırma Makalesi
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Teacher Career Policies in Turkey from the Republic to the Present and Their Reflections on Education

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 56 - 75, 30.12.2022

Fatih Mehmet Gülmez

Öz

The research aims to reveal the educational policies regarding the teacher career experienced in Turkey since the foundation of the Republic and the reflections of these policies on education. Document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. In this context; Minutes of the Delegation-Ilmiye Meeting, National Education Councils, Policy documents such as Development Plans, Strategic Plans, vision documents, teacher strategy documents, party programs, and various legislation documents such as laws, regulations and directives regarding the implementation of these policies, and the explanations and discourses of the authorities regarding the implementations were consulted. In addition, various theses, articles, research reports, etc. written about the relevant period and subject. documents were also used. According to the research results; In the context of both horizontal career and vertical career in the Turkish Education System; Possibility of transition to managerial staff and inspectorship staff in school management, provincial and central organization exists. There are also specialist teacher and head teacher career steps. In this context, it is seen that many career policies have been developed for teacher careers. Although many policies have been developed in the historical process, there are problems in the healthy implementation of policies. Teacher career policies should be handled with a holistic approach, in the context of horizontal and vertical careers, with an objective, predictable, sustainable and competence-based approach.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Teacher Career Politics

Kaynakça

  • Akkaş, B. U. S., and Sahin, S. (2015). Opinions of education supervisors about their profession and reasons for choosing supervision. e- International Journal of Educational Research, 6(2), 69-85.
  • Arabacı, İ. B (1999). Ministry of National Education inspection policy. Educational Management in Theory and Practice, 20(20), 545-575.
  • Argon, T. and A. Eren. (2004). Human Resources Management. Ankara: Nobel Broadcast Distribution.
  • Artan, B. (2007). Career ladder advancement exam (KBYS): A qualitative research within the framework of secondary education teachers' opinions. Unpublished master thesis, Yeditepe University Institute of Educational Sciences, İstanbul.
  • Aytaç, S. (1997). Career management, planning, development, problems in working life. Epsilon Publishing.
  • Bakioğlu, A. (1996). Career stages of teachers. II. National Educational Sciences Symposium. M. Ü Atatürk Faculty of Education Publications.
  • Bakioğlu, A., and İnandı, A. G. Y. (2001). Duties of the principal in the career development of the teacher. Educational Management in Theory and Practice, 28(28), 513-529.
  • Bayraktaroğlu, S. (2008). Human Resources Management, 3.Print, Sakarya: Sakarya Publishing.
  • Canpolat, C. (2011). Relationships between teacher career ladder practices and teacher motivation and organizational commitment. Unpublished master's thesis, Fırat University Institute of Educational Sciences, Elâzığ.
  • Candidate Teaching and Teaching Career Steps Regulation. (2022). Official Gazette dated 12.05.2022 and numbered 31833. Cited from:: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/05/20220512-3.htm
  • Civil Servants Law. (1965). 657 Civil Servants Law No. Official newspaper, (12056).
  • Çakıroğlu, A. (2005). Teacher competencies and career ladders. Cited from: www.fedu.metu.edu.tr/documents/AliCakiroglu.ppt.
  • Çetin, K., and Yalçın, M. (2002). Evaluation of manager training programs of the Ministry of National Education. 21. Evaluation of 21st Century Education Administrators Symposium, 50.
  • Demir, S. B. (2011). Evaluation of teacher career steps application by teachers. Journal of Education and Humanities: Theory and Practice, (3), 53-80.
  • Democratic Party Program (1946). Cited from:: https://acikerisim.tbmm.gov.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11543/917/200805461_1946.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Deniz, B (2009). The effect of career ladder practices on teacher motivation. Unpublished Master Thesis, Yeditepe University Institute of Social Sciences İstanbul
  • Dikili, A. (2012). Evaluations of new career approaches. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, 17(2).
  • Ekinci, A., Öter, Ö. M. and Akın, M. A. (2013). Inspector selection and training system in the post-republic education system. Journal of National Education, 43 (199), 106-125.
  • Erdoğmuş, N., and Doğan, Ö. (2003). Organizational changes and new career approaches, 2. National Information, Economy and Management Congress, 18(19), 1-12.
  • Ergün, H. (2020). Inspectors in Regulations. Dokuz Eylul University Buca Faculty of Education Journal, (50), 141-157. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/deubefd/issue/58469/769063
  • Günal. S. (2009). New Career Approaches. Cited from: http://www.yenimakale.com/yeni-kariyer-yaklasimlari.html.
  • Gülmez, M.F. and Aslanargun, E. (2021). Analysis of the regulations on selecting and appointing administrators to educational institutions after 2000, Journal of Siirt University Social Sciences Institute, 9 (2), s.318-336. DOI: 10.53586/susbid.1013714
  • Kaplan, İ., and Gülcan, M. G. (2020). Examining the views on the creation of teacher career steps: mixed method research. Gazi Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(3), 380-406.
  • Kazoğlu, İ. (2014). A qualitative research on the restructuring of the MEB teacher career ladder system. Unpublished Master Thesis. Gaziantep University Institute of Educational Sciences. Gaziantep
  • Kurt, M. (2007). The meanings that teachers and administrators ascribe to the "teaching career steps". Unpublished master's thesis, Niğde University Institute of Social Sciences, Niğde.
  • MEB 2023 Vision (2018) Ministry of National Education Education Vision 2023 Vision Document. Cited from: https://www.gmka.gov.tr/dokumanlar/yayinlar/2023_Eğitim%20 Vizyonu.pdf
  • MEB 2010- 2014 Strategic Plan (2010) Ministry of National Education Strategic Plan for the Term 2015- 2019. Cited from: https://sgb.meb.gov.tr/Str_yon_planlama_V2/ MEBStratejikPlan.pdf
  • MEB 2015- 2019 Strategic Plan (2010) Ministry of National Education Strategic Plan for 2010-2014 Term. Cited from: https://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2015_09/10052958_ 10.09.2015sp17.15imzasz.pdf
  • MEB 2019-2023 Strategic Plan (2010) Ministry of National Education Strategic Plan for the Period 2019-2023. Cited from: https://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2019_ 12/31105532_Milli_EYitim_BakanlYYY_2019-2023_Stratejik_PlanY__31.12.pdf
  • MEB Regulation on Assigning Managers to Educational Institutions. (2014). Official Gazette dated 10.06.2014 and numbered 29026. Cited from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/06/20140610-7.htm
  • Ministry of National Education Regulation on Pre-School Education and Primary Education Institutions (2014). Official Gazette dated 26.07.2014 and numbered 29072. Cited from: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=19942&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • Ministry of National Education Regulation on Appointment, Evaluation, Promotion and Relocation of Managers. (1999). Official Gazette dated 30.04.1999 and numbered 23681.Cited from: http://mevzuat.meb.gov.tr/dosyalar/1553.pdf
  • Ministry of National Education Regulation on Education Inspectors. (2022). Official Gazette dated 01.03.2022 and numbered 31765. Cited from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/03/20220301-9.htm
  • Regulation on Appointment of Ministry of National Education Personnel by Promotion, Change of Title and Relocation (2013). Cited from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/ eskiler/2013/10/20131012-46.htm
  • Regulation on Appointment of Ministry of National Education Personnel by Promotion, Change of Title and Relocation (2013). Official Gazette dated 2013 and numbered 28793. Cited from: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=18945& MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • Regulation on Appointment of Ministry of National Education Personnel by Promotion, Change of Title and Relocation (2020). Cited from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/ eskiler/2020/07/20200718-2.htm 18.07.2020 – 31189
  • Regulation on Promotion in Teaching Career Levels. (2005). Official Gazette dated 13.08.2005 and numbered 25905. Cited from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2005/08/20050813-2.htm
  • Regulation on Provincial and District National Education Directorates of the Ministry of National Education (2012). Official Gazette dated 18.11.2012 and numbered 28471.Cited from: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=16774&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • Teaching Profession Law (2022). Official Gazette dated 14.02.2022 and numbered 31750. Cited from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/02/20220214-1.htm
  • Teacher Strategy Paper 2017-2023. (2017). Ministry of National Education, General Directorate of Teacher Training and Development. Ankara. Cited from: https://oygm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2017_07/26174415_Strateji_Belgesi_RG-Ylan-_26.07.2017.pdf
  • Özdem, G. (2007). Evaluation of the transformation created by the education policies implemented after 1980 in primary schools in Turkey (Ankara province example). Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Ankara University Institute of Educational Sciences. Ankara
  • Özgenç, M. (2022). Every female manager from MEB. Hürriyet.com. Cited from: https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/mebden-her-ile-kadin-yonetici-42027090
  • Sabuncuoğlu, Z. (2005). Applied Human Resources Management. İstanbul: Alfa Aktüel Publishing.
  • Chairman of the Board of Inspectors (2022). Our Missions. Cited from: https://tkb.meb.gov.tr/www/icerik_goruntule.php?KNO=107
  • Terzi, S. Ö. (2013). Evaluation of the methods applied by the Ministry of National Education in the selection of principals in primary and secondary schools according to the legislation. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Süleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, Isparta.
  • Turkish Language Association (2022). Current Turkish Dictionary. Cited from: https://sozluk.gov.tr
  • Tortop, N. (1994). Staff management. Ankara, Yargı Publishing, (B. 5).
  • Ural, İ. (2007). Teachers' views on the practice of moving up the career ladder. Unpublished Master Thesis. Abant İzzet Baysal University Social Sciences Institute. Bolu
  • Yavuzer, İ. (2014). Comparative analysis of post-1978 school administrator appointment and relocation regulations. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Mevlana University Institute of Social Sciences. Konya
  • Yıldırım, A., and Simsek, H. (2008). Qualitative research methods in the social sciences. Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
  • Development Plan and National Education Councils:
  • First Five-Year Development Plan (1963- 1967) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Birinci_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1963-1967.pdf
  • Second Five-Year Development Plan (1968- 1972) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Ikinci_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1968-1972.pdf
  • Third Five-Year Development Plan (1973- 1977) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Ucuncu_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1973-1977.pdf
  • Fourth Five-Year Development Plan (1979- 1983) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Dorduncu_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1979-1983.pdf
  • Fifth Five-Year Development Plan (1985- 1989) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Besinci_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1985-1989.pdf
  • Sixth Five-Year Development Plan (1990- 1994) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Altinci_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1990-1994.pdf
  • Seventh Five-Year Development Plan (1996- 2000) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Yedinci_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1996-2000.pdf
  • Eighth Five-Year Development Plan (2001- 2005) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Sekizinci_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-2001-2005.pdf
  • Ninth Five-Year Development Plan (2007- 2013) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Dokuzuncu_Kalkinma_Plani-2007-2013.pdf
  • Tenth Five-Year Development Plan (2014- 2018) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Onuncu_Kalkinma_Plani-2014-2018.pdf
  • Eleventh Five-Year Development Plan (2019- 2023) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/On_Birinci_Kalkinma_Plani-2019-2023.pdf
  • Board of Education and Discipline, National Education Council Decisions, Cited from: http://ttkb.meb.gov.tr/www/suralar/dosya/12%20

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 56 - 75, 30.12.2022

Fatih Mehmet Gülmez

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akkaş, B. U. S., and Sahin, S. (2015). Opinions of education supervisors about their profession and reasons for choosing supervision. e- International Journal of Educational Research, 6(2), 69-85.
  • Arabacı, İ. B (1999). Ministry of National Education inspection policy. Educational Management in Theory and Practice, 20(20), 545-575.
  • Argon, T. and A. Eren. (2004). Human Resources Management. Ankara: Nobel Broadcast Distribution.
  • Artan, B. (2007). Career ladder advancement exam (KBYS): A qualitative research within the framework of secondary education teachers' opinions. Unpublished master thesis, Yeditepe University Institute of Educational Sciences, İstanbul.
  • Aytaç, S. (1997). Career management, planning, development, problems in working life. Epsilon Publishing.
  • Bakioğlu, A. (1996). Career stages of teachers. II. National Educational Sciences Symposium. M. Ü Atatürk Faculty of Education Publications.
  • Bakioğlu, A., and İnandı, A. G. Y. (2001). Duties of the principal in the career development of the teacher. Educational Management in Theory and Practice, 28(28), 513-529.
  • Bayraktaroğlu, S. (2008). Human Resources Management, 3.Print, Sakarya: Sakarya Publishing.
  • Canpolat, C. (2011). Relationships between teacher career ladder practices and teacher motivation and organizational commitment. Unpublished master's thesis, Fırat University Institute of Educational Sciences, Elâzığ.
  • Candidate Teaching and Teaching Career Steps Regulation. (2022). Official Gazette dated 12.05.2022 and numbered 31833. Cited from:: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/05/20220512-3.htm
  • Civil Servants Law. (1965). 657 Civil Servants Law No. Official newspaper, (12056).
  • Çakıroğlu, A. (2005). Teacher competencies and career ladders. Cited from: www.fedu.metu.edu.tr/documents/AliCakiroglu.ppt.
  • Çetin, K., and Yalçın, M. (2002). Evaluation of manager training programs of the Ministry of National Education. 21. Evaluation of 21st Century Education Administrators Symposium, 50.
  • Demir, S. B. (2011). Evaluation of teacher career steps application by teachers. Journal of Education and Humanities: Theory and Practice, (3), 53-80.
  • Democratic Party Program (1946). Cited from:: https://acikerisim.tbmm.gov.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11543/917/200805461_1946.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Deniz, B (2009). The effect of career ladder practices on teacher motivation. Unpublished Master Thesis, Yeditepe University Institute of Social Sciences İstanbul
  • Dikili, A. (2012). Evaluations of new career approaches. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, 17(2).
  • Ekinci, A., Öter, Ö. M. and Akın, M. A. (2013). Inspector selection and training system in the post-republic education system. Journal of National Education, 43 (199), 106-125.
  • Erdoğmuş, N., and Doğan, Ö. (2003). Organizational changes and new career approaches, 2. National Information, Economy and Management Congress, 18(19), 1-12.
  • Ergün, H. (2020). Inspectors in Regulations. Dokuz Eylul University Buca Faculty of Education Journal, (50), 141-157. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/deubefd/issue/58469/769063
  • Günal. S. (2009). New Career Approaches. Cited from: http://www.yenimakale.com/yeni-kariyer-yaklasimlari.html.
  • Gülmez, M.F. and Aslanargun, E. (2021). Analysis of the regulations on selecting and appointing administrators to educational institutions after 2000, Journal of Siirt University Social Sciences Institute, 9 (2), s.318-336. DOI: 10.53586/susbid.1013714
  • Kaplan, İ., and Gülcan, M. G. (2020). Examining the views on the creation of teacher career steps: mixed method research. Gazi Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(3), 380-406.
  • Kazoğlu, İ. (2014). A qualitative research on the restructuring of the MEB teacher career ladder system. Unpublished Master Thesis. Gaziantep University Institute of Educational Sciences. Gaziantep
  • Kurt, M. (2007). The meanings that teachers and administrators ascribe to the "teaching career steps". Unpublished master's thesis, Niğde University Institute of Social Sciences, Niğde.
  • MEB 2023 Vision (2018) Ministry of National Education Education Vision 2023 Vision Document. Cited from: https://www.gmka.gov.tr/dokumanlar/yayinlar/2023_Eğitim%20 Vizyonu.pdf
  • MEB 2010- 2014 Strategic Plan (2010) Ministry of National Education Strategic Plan for the Term 2015- 2019. Cited from: https://sgb.meb.gov.tr/Str_yon_planlama_V2/ MEBStratejikPlan.pdf
  • MEB 2015- 2019 Strategic Plan (2010) Ministry of National Education Strategic Plan for 2010-2014 Term. Cited from: https://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2015_09/10052958_ 10.09.2015sp17.15imzasz.pdf
  • MEB 2019-2023 Strategic Plan (2010) Ministry of National Education Strategic Plan for the Period 2019-2023. Cited from: https://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2019_ 12/31105532_Milli_EYitim_BakanlYYY_2019-2023_Stratejik_PlanY__31.12.pdf
  • MEB Regulation on Assigning Managers to Educational Institutions. (2014). Official Gazette dated 10.06.2014 and numbered 29026. Cited from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/06/20140610-7.htm
  • Ministry of National Education Regulation on Pre-School Education and Primary Education Institutions (2014). Official Gazette dated 26.07.2014 and numbered 29072. Cited from: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=19942&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • Ministry of National Education Regulation on Appointment, Evaluation, Promotion and Relocation of Managers. (1999). Official Gazette dated 30.04.1999 and numbered 23681.Cited from: http://mevzuat.meb.gov.tr/dosyalar/1553.pdf
  • Ministry of National Education Regulation on Education Inspectors. (2022). Official Gazette dated 01.03.2022 and numbered 31765. Cited from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/03/20220301-9.htm
  • Regulation on Appointment of Ministry of National Education Personnel by Promotion, Change of Title and Relocation (2013). Cited from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/ eskiler/2013/10/20131012-46.htm
  • Regulation on Appointment of Ministry of National Education Personnel by Promotion, Change of Title and Relocation (2013). Official Gazette dated 2013 and numbered 28793. Cited from: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=18945& MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • Regulation on Appointment of Ministry of National Education Personnel by Promotion, Change of Title and Relocation (2020). Cited from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/ eskiler/2020/07/20200718-2.htm 18.07.2020 – 31189
  • Regulation on Promotion in Teaching Career Levels. (2005). Official Gazette dated 13.08.2005 and numbered 25905. Cited from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2005/08/20050813-2.htm
  • Regulation on Provincial and District National Education Directorates of the Ministry of National Education (2012). Official Gazette dated 18.11.2012 and numbered 28471.Cited from: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=16774&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • Teaching Profession Law (2022). Official Gazette dated 14.02.2022 and numbered 31750. Cited from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/02/20220214-1.htm
  • Teacher Strategy Paper 2017-2023. (2017). Ministry of National Education, General Directorate of Teacher Training and Development. Ankara. Cited from: https://oygm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2017_07/26174415_Strateji_Belgesi_RG-Ylan-_26.07.2017.pdf
  • Özdem, G. (2007). Evaluation of the transformation created by the education policies implemented after 1980 in primary schools in Turkey (Ankara province example). Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Ankara University Institute of Educational Sciences. Ankara
  • Özgenç, M. (2022). Every female manager from MEB. Hürriyet.com. Cited from: https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/mebden-her-ile-kadin-yonetici-42027090
  • Sabuncuoğlu, Z. (2005). Applied Human Resources Management. İstanbul: Alfa Aktüel Publishing.
  • Chairman of the Board of Inspectors (2022). Our Missions. Cited from: https://tkb.meb.gov.tr/www/icerik_goruntule.php?KNO=107
  • Terzi, S. Ö. (2013). Evaluation of the methods applied by the Ministry of National Education in the selection of principals in primary and secondary schools according to the legislation. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Süleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, Isparta.
  • Turkish Language Association (2022). Current Turkish Dictionary. Cited from: https://sozluk.gov.tr
  • Tortop, N. (1994). Staff management. Ankara, Yargı Publishing, (B. 5).
  • Ural, İ. (2007). Teachers' views on the practice of moving up the career ladder. Unpublished Master Thesis. Abant İzzet Baysal University Social Sciences Institute. Bolu
  • Yavuzer, İ. (2014). Comparative analysis of post-1978 school administrator appointment and relocation regulations. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Mevlana University Institute of Social Sciences. Konya
  • Yıldırım, A., and Simsek, H. (2008). Qualitative research methods in the social sciences. Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
  • Development Plan and National Education Councils:
  • First Five-Year Development Plan (1963- 1967) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Birinci_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1963-1967.pdf
  • Second Five-Year Development Plan (1968- 1972) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Ikinci_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1968-1972.pdf
  • Third Five-Year Development Plan (1973- 1977) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Ucuncu_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1973-1977.pdf
  • Fourth Five-Year Development Plan (1979- 1983) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Dorduncu_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1979-1983.pdf
  • Fifth Five-Year Development Plan (1985- 1989) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Besinci_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1985-1989.pdf
  • Sixth Five-Year Development Plan (1990- 1994) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Altinci_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1990-1994.pdf
  • Seventh Five-Year Development Plan (1996- 2000) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Yedinci_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-1996-2000.pdf
  • Eighth Five-Year Development Plan (2001- 2005) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Sekizinci_Bes_Yillik_Kalkinma_Plani-2001-2005.pdf
  • Ninth Five-Year Development Plan (2007- 2013) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Dokuzuncu_Kalkinma_Plani-2007-2013.pdf
  • Tenth Five-Year Development Plan (2014- 2018) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Onuncu_Kalkinma_Plani-2014-2018.pdf
  • Eleventh Five-Year Development Plan (2019- 2023) Cited from: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/On_Birinci_Kalkinma_Plani-2019-2023.pdf
  • Board of Education and Discipline, National Education Council Decisions, Cited from: http://ttkb.meb.gov.tr/www/suralar/dosya/12%20
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Fatih Mehmet Gülmez 0000-0003-2053-2584

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gülmez, F. M. (2022). Teacher Career Policies in Turkey from the Republic to the Present and Their Reflections on Education. Political Economy and Management of Education, 3(2), 56-75.

Copyrights for the articles are retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the Journal.

The work is licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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