Retrospective Evaluation of Condyle and Ramus Asymmetry with Ortopantomography in Dentate and Total Edentulous Patients
Öz
Objectives: A symmetrical facial appearance affects people's social relationships. Mandibular asymmetry directly effects the facial appearance and may have many morphological and functional causes. Clinically healthy individuals may experience complete edentulousness in advancing ages, which may lead to asymmetry in the condyles and facial appearance. Our aim in this study is to evaluate whether fully-toothed and total edentulous conditions cause changes in the vertical height of the condyle and ramus and also asymmetry.
Material and Methods: A total of 200 patients (104 female, 96 male) with 100 fully-toothed and 100 edentulous were included in the study. Right and left condylar ramus were measured and recorded according to the asymmetry measurement index of Habets et al., with using tracing paper under the reflector light on the patients' orthopantomographic images. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS:22 package program. T-tests, Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests were used for comparisons. P <0.05 were considered significant.
Results: In previous studies, the difference between the genders was found to be statistically insignificant, therefore we evaluated men and women together. In our research, the mean of the condyle and ramus height asymmetry index in edentulous patients was 4.76 mm and 2.12 mm respectively, and the mean of the condyle and ramus height asymmetry index in fully-toothed patients was 4.88 mm and 2.34 mm, respectively. According to the t-test, the mean of the condyle height and ramus height asymmetry index was found to be higher in fully-toothed patients but this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Although condylar asymmetry was more common than ramus asymmetry in this study, this difference was not statistically significant when total edentulous and fully-toothed patients were compared.
Keywords: Habets technique; condylar asymmetry; ramus asymmetry
Anahtar Kelimeler
Etik Beyan
This article was presented as an oral presentation at the International Congress of the Society of Oral Diagnosis and Maxillofacial Radiology on October 20, 2022. This article has not been prepared on the basis of a master’s/ doctoral thesis. It is declared that during the preparation process of this study, scientific and ethical principles were followed and all the studies benefited are stated in the bibliography.
Kaynakça
- 1. Silvestrini-Biavati F, Ugolini A, Laffi N, Canevello C, Silvestrini-Biavati A. Early diagnostic evaluation of mandibular symmetry using orthopantomogram. Indian J Dent Res 2014;25:154-9.
- 2. Akın M, İleri Z, Polat Ö, Başçiftçi FA. Evaluation of mandibular asymmetry in class II subdivision malocclusion. Selcuk Dental Journal 2015;2:43-50.
- 3. Catić A, Celebić A, Valentić-Peruzović M, Catović A, Jerolimov V, Muretić I. Evaluation of the precision of dimensional measurements of the mandible on panoramic radiographs. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics 1998;86(2):242-8.
- 4. Siegel MI, Doyle WJ. Stress and fluctuating li mb asymmetry in various species of rodents. Growth 1975;39:363-9.
- 5. Hohl TH, Tucek WH. Measurement of condylar loading forces by instrumented prosthesis in the baboon. J Maxillofac Surg 1982;10:1-7.
- 6. Hylander WL, Bays R. An in vivo strain gauge analysis of the squamosal-dentary joint reaction force during mastication and incisal biting in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fasicularis. Arch Oral Biol 1979;24:689-97.
- 7. Panneerselvam E, Prasad PJ, Balasubramaniam S, Somasundaram S, Raja KV, Srinivasan D. The influence of the mandibular gonial angle on the incidence of mandibular angle fracture A radiomorphometric study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;75:153-9.
- 8. Lima FJC, Oliveira Neto OB, Barbosa FT, Sousa-Rodrigues CF. Location, shape and anatomic relations of the mandibular foramen and the mandibular lingula: A contribution to surgical procedures in the ramus of the mandible. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016;20:177-82.
- 9. Habets LL, Bezuur JN, van Ooij CP, Hansson TL. The orthopantomogram, an aid in diagnosis of temporomandibular joint problems. The factor of vertical magnification. J Oral Rehabil 1987;14:475-80.
- 10. Kjellberg H, Ekestubbe A, Kiliaridis S, Thilander B. Condylar height on panoramic radiographs. A methodologic study with a clinical application. Acta Odontol Scand 1994;52:43-50.
- 11. Iturriaga V, Navarro P, Cantin M, Fuentes R. Prevalence of vertical condilar asymmetry of the temporomandibular joint in patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder. Int J Morphol 2012;30:315-21.
- 12. Çelikoğlu M, Büyük SK, Şekerci A. Unilateral Mandibular İkinci Premolar Eksikliği Olan Hastalarda Kondiler Asimetri. Türk Ortodonti Dergisi 2012;25(2):122-33.
- 13. Chou ST, Tsai PL, Chen SC, Lin SH, Chen CM, Tseng YC. Condylar and ramus volume in asymmetric and symmetric skeletal class III malocclusion: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Journal of Dental Sciences 2023;18(1):175-183.
- 14. Kambylafkas P, Murdock E, Gilda E, Tallents RH, Kyrkanides S. Validity of panoramic radiographs for measuring mandibular asymmetry. The Angle Orthodontist 2006;76(3), 388-393.
- 15. Akın C, Mutlu ŞN, Güntekin N. Yetişkin Hastalarda Artan Yaş ile Diş Kaybı Şiddetinin İlişkisi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Dergisi 2020;2(2):64-8.
- 16. Altuğ B, Özdiler O, Özdiler E. Mandibular Asimetri Dağılımının Değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2019;46(1):17-24.
- 17. Halıcıoğlu K, Çelikoğlu M, Büyük SK, Şekerci AE, Çandırlı C. Effects of early unilateral mandibular first molar extraction on condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry. Eur J Dent. 2014;8(2):178-83.
- 18. Cardinal L, Martins I, Gribel BF, Dominguez GC. Is there an asymmetry of the condylar and coronoid processes of the mandible in individuals with unilateral crossbite? The Angle Orthodontist 2019;89(3):464-9.
- 19. Lemes CR, Tozzi CF, Gribel S, Gribel BF, Venezian GC, do Carmo Menezes C, et al. Mandibular ramus height and condyle distance asymmetries in individuals with different facial growth patterns: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 2021;43(2):267-74.
- 20. Signorelli L, Patcas R, Peltomäki T, Schätzle M. Radiation dose of cone-beam computed tomography compared to conventional radiographs in orthodontics. J Orofac Orthop 2016;77:9-15.
- 21. Uysal T, Şişman Y, Kurt G, Ramoğlu SI. Condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry in unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite patients and a normal occlusion sample. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics 2009;136(1):37-43.
- 22. Kiki A, Kılıç N, Oktay H. Condylar asymmetry in bilateral posterior crossbite patients. The Angle orthodontist 2007;77(1):77-81.
Tam Dişli ve Total Dişsiz Hastalarda Kondil ve Ramus Asimetrisinin Ortopantomografi ile Retrospektif Olarak İncelenmesi
Öz
Amaç
Simetrik bir yüz görünümü insanların sosyal ilişkilerini etkilemektedir. Yüz görünümü üzerinde doğrudan etkili olan mandibular asimetrinin morfolojik ve fonksiyonel birçok nedeni olabilir. Klinik olarak sağlıklı bireyler ilerleyen yaşlarda tam dişsizlikle karşılaşabilmekte bu da kondillerde ve yüz görünümünde asimetriye yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, tam dişli ve tam dişsizlik durumlarının kondilin ve ramusun vertikal yüksekliğinde değişikliğe ve asimetriye sebep olup olmadığını incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler
Araştırmaya 100 dişli 100 dişsiz toplam 200 hasta (104 kadın, 96 erkek) dahil edildi. Hastaların Ortapantomografi görüntüleri reflektör ışığı altında aydınger kağıtı kullanılarak Habets ve ark.nın asimetri ölçüm indeksine göre sağ ve sol kondil ramus ölçümleri yapıldı ve kaydedildi. İstatiksel analiz SPSS:22 paket programı kullanılarak yapıldı. Karşılaştırmalarda man withney u, ki-kare ve t testleri uygulandı. P<0,05 olan değerler anlamlı olarak kabul edildi.
Bulgular
Yapılan çalışmalarda cinsiyetler arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemsiz bulunmuş ve bu yüzden çalışmamızda kadın ve erkek birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda tam dişsiz hastalarda kondil ve ramus yüksekliği asimetri indexi ortalaması sırasıyla 4.76 mm ve 2.12 mm, dişli hastalarda kondil ve ramus yüksekliği asimetri indexi ortalaması sırasıyla 4.88 mm ve 2.34 mm bulunmuştur. Yapılan t-testine göre kondil yüksekliği ve ramus yüksekliği asimetri indeks ortalaması dişli hastalarda daha fazla bulunsada bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. ( p > 0.05 ).
Sonuçlar
Yapılan çalışmada kondiler asimetrinin, ramal asimetriye göre daha sık rastlanmasına rağmen tam dişsiz ve kontrol grubu olan dişli hastalar birlikte kıyaslandığında bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Habets tekniği, Kondiler Asimetri, Ramus Asimetrisi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Habets Tekniği Kondiler Asimetri Ramus Asimetrisi Habets technique condylar asymmetry ramus asymmetry
Etik Beyan
Bu makale, 20 Ekim 2022 tarihinde Uluslararası Oral Diagnoz ve Maksillofasiyal Radyoloji Derneği Kongresi'nde sözlü bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. Bu çalışma, yüksek lisans ya da doktora tezi esas alınarak hazırlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.
Kaynakça
- 1. Silvestrini-Biavati F, Ugolini A, Laffi N, Canevello C, Silvestrini-Biavati A. Early diagnostic evaluation of mandibular symmetry using orthopantomogram. Indian J Dent Res 2014;25:154-9.
- 2. Akın M, İleri Z, Polat Ö, Başçiftçi FA. Evaluation of mandibular asymmetry in class II subdivision malocclusion. Selcuk Dental Journal 2015;2:43-50.
- 3. Catić A, Celebić A, Valentić-Peruzović M, Catović A, Jerolimov V, Muretić I. Evaluation of the precision of dimensional measurements of the mandible on panoramic radiographs. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics 1998;86(2):242-8.
- 4. Siegel MI, Doyle WJ. Stress and fluctuating li mb asymmetry in various species of rodents. Growth 1975;39:363-9.
- 5. Hohl TH, Tucek WH. Measurement of condylar loading forces by instrumented prosthesis in the baboon. J Maxillofac Surg 1982;10:1-7.
- 6. Hylander WL, Bays R. An in vivo strain gauge analysis of the squamosal-dentary joint reaction force during mastication and incisal biting in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fasicularis. Arch Oral Biol 1979;24:689-97.
- 7. Panneerselvam E, Prasad PJ, Balasubramaniam S, Somasundaram S, Raja KV, Srinivasan D. The influence of the mandibular gonial angle on the incidence of mandibular angle fracture A radiomorphometric study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;75:153-9.
- 8. Lima FJC, Oliveira Neto OB, Barbosa FT, Sousa-Rodrigues CF. Location, shape and anatomic relations of the mandibular foramen and the mandibular lingula: A contribution to surgical procedures in the ramus of the mandible. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016;20:177-82.
- 9. Habets LL, Bezuur JN, van Ooij CP, Hansson TL. The orthopantomogram, an aid in diagnosis of temporomandibular joint problems. The factor of vertical magnification. J Oral Rehabil 1987;14:475-80.
- 10. Kjellberg H, Ekestubbe A, Kiliaridis S, Thilander B. Condylar height on panoramic radiographs. A methodologic study with a clinical application. Acta Odontol Scand 1994;52:43-50.
- 11. Iturriaga V, Navarro P, Cantin M, Fuentes R. Prevalence of vertical condilar asymmetry of the temporomandibular joint in patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder. Int J Morphol 2012;30:315-21.
- 12. Çelikoğlu M, Büyük SK, Şekerci A. Unilateral Mandibular İkinci Premolar Eksikliği Olan Hastalarda Kondiler Asimetri. Türk Ortodonti Dergisi 2012;25(2):122-33.
- 13. Chou ST, Tsai PL, Chen SC, Lin SH, Chen CM, Tseng YC. Condylar and ramus volume in asymmetric and symmetric skeletal class III malocclusion: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Journal of Dental Sciences 2023;18(1):175-183.
- 14. Kambylafkas P, Murdock E, Gilda E, Tallents RH, Kyrkanides S. Validity of panoramic radiographs for measuring mandibular asymmetry. The Angle Orthodontist 2006;76(3), 388-393.
- 15. Akın C, Mutlu ŞN, Güntekin N. Yetişkin Hastalarda Artan Yaş ile Diş Kaybı Şiddetinin İlişkisi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Dergisi 2020;2(2):64-8.
- 16. Altuğ B, Özdiler O, Özdiler E. Mandibular Asimetri Dağılımının Değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2019;46(1):17-24.
- 17. Halıcıoğlu K, Çelikoğlu M, Büyük SK, Şekerci AE, Çandırlı C. Effects of early unilateral mandibular first molar extraction on condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry. Eur J Dent. 2014;8(2):178-83.
- 18. Cardinal L, Martins I, Gribel BF, Dominguez GC. Is there an asymmetry of the condylar and coronoid processes of the mandible in individuals with unilateral crossbite? The Angle Orthodontist 2019;89(3):464-9.
- 19. Lemes CR, Tozzi CF, Gribel S, Gribel BF, Venezian GC, do Carmo Menezes C, et al. Mandibular ramus height and condyle distance asymmetries in individuals with different facial growth patterns: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 2021;43(2):267-74.
- 20. Signorelli L, Patcas R, Peltomäki T, Schätzle M. Radiation dose of cone-beam computed tomography compared to conventional radiographs in orthodontics. J Orofac Orthop 2016;77:9-15.
- 21. Uysal T, Şişman Y, Kurt G, Ramoğlu SI. Condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry in unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite patients and a normal occlusion sample. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics 2009;136(1):37-43.
- 22. Kiki A, Kılıç N, Oktay H. Condylar asymmetry in bilateral posterior crossbite patients. The Angle orthodontist 2007;77(1):77-81.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Diş Hekimliği |
| Bölüm | Araştırma |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Nisan 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 1 Şubat 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 |
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