Öz
Anatomiye ait tarihsel bir ortak bakış açısı oluşturmak insanlığın zihinsel ve felsefi gelişimlerini tamamlamalarında gereklidir. Tüm medeniyetlerin az çok katkılarıyla asırlar boyu üretilmiş ve günümüze aktarılmış olan anatomi biliminin tarihsel gelişiminde 1600’lü yıllardan itibaren Hollanda büyük katkılara sahiptir. Günlük hayatta karşılaşılan tıbbi durumların yanında savaşlar sayesinde de gelişen cerrahi bilimi zamanla anatomi bilimini yüceltmiştir. 1600’lü yıllarda Hollanda’daki anatomi tiyatroları cerrahların öncülüğünde kurulmuş, yöneticiler tarafından desteklenmiştir. Oluşturdukları bilimsel ortam zaman içinde Hollanda’yı da İtalya ve Fransa gibi Avrupa’da önemli tıp eğitimi merkezlerinden yapmıştır. Bu başarı Hollanda halkının maddi, siyasi, kültürel ve zihinsel yönlerden gelişmesi ile paralel olarak bilimsel yöntemleri kurdukları yeni üniversitelere yerleştirmesiyle açıklanabilir. 1600’lü yılların Hollanda’sı adeta günümüzdekiler ile ortaçağ fakülteleri arasında tarihsel bir basamak yaratmıştır. İlerleyici olan bu iklimiyle Dünya’nın bugünkü anatomi ve tıp eğitimine yön vermiş bilim ve sanat üreticilerini ortaya çıkartan Hollanda’nın bu dönemi önemli isimler ve katkılarıyla hatırlanmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Anatomi tiyatroları Hollanda Leiden kadavra insan diseksiyonu
Destekleyen Kurum
yok
Teşekkür
Teşekkür ederiz
Kaynakça
- 1. Boer L, Radziun AB, Oostra RJ. Frederik Ruysch (1638–1731): Historical perspective and contemporary analysis of his teratological legacy. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 2017;173(1), 16-41.
- 2. Kidd M, Modlin IM. The luminati of Leiden: from Bontius to Boerhaave. World journal of surgery 1999a;23(12), 1307-1314.
- 3. Cole FJ. The University of Leyden: Contributions to Biology and Medicine. Nature 1941;147(3719), 161-163.
- 4. Afek A, Friedman T, Kugel C, Barshack I, Lurie DJ. Dr Tulp's Anatomy Lesson by Rembrandt: The Third Day Hypothesis. Israel Medical Association Journal 2009;11(7), 389-392.
- 5. Baljet B. The painted Amsterdam anatomy lessons: Anatomy performances in dissecting rooms?. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger 2000;182(1), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0940-9602(00)80114-4.
- 6. Modlin IM, Kidd M, Lye K. Amsterdam and Netherlands gastroenterology: a historical perspective. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 2002;16(6), 971-998.
- 7. Baylan H, Demirci GN. The Emergence and Effects of the First Anatomy Theatres in Western Europe. Int. J. Morphol 2023; 41(3), 819-824.
- 8. Yunusoğlu FT. Surgeons on the tip of the brush: Surgeons' Guilds paintings in 17th and 18th century Netherlands (dissertation) İstanbul University. 2008. http://nek.istanbul.edu.tr:4444/ekos/TEZ/43742.pdf
- 9. Kutia SA, Shaymardanova LR. Pieter Pauw (1564-1617). Russian Open Medical Journal 2017;6(3), 309-309.
- 10. Sawday J. The body emblazoned: dissection and the human body in Renaissance culture. London. Psychology Press; 1995. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315887753
- 11. Bonjer HJ, Bruining HA. Surgery in the Netherlands. Archives of Surgery 1999;134(1), 92-98. doi:10.1001/archsurg.134.1.92.
- 12. https://www.mauritshuis.nl/en/our-collection/artworks/146-the-anatomy-lesson-of-dr-nicolaes-tulp/ access: 2023 August 25.
- 13. Gerson H. Rembrandt Paintings. New York: Harrison House Publishers; 1968.
- 14. IJpma FF, van de Graaf RC, Nicolai JPA, Meek MF. The Anatomy lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt (1632): a comparison of the painting with a dissected left forearm of a Dutch male cadaver. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2006;31(6), 882-891.
- 15. Bohde D. Skin and the Search for the Interior: The Representation of Flaying in the Art and Anatomy of the Cinquecento. In: Egmond F, Zwijnenberg R, editors. Bodily extremities: Preoccupations with the human body in early modern European culture. Routledge. Ashgate Publishing; 2003. p.10-47.
- 16. Kidd M, Modlin IM. Frederick Ruysch: master anatomist and depictor of the surreality of death. Journal of Medical Biography 1999b;7(2), 69-77.
- 17. Hansen JV. Galleries of Life and Death: The Anatomy Lesson in Dutch Art, 1603-1773, (dissertation): Stanford University. 1996. https://www.proquest.com/docview/304303736?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
Development of the anatomy theaters in the Netherlands during the 1600s and contributions of some important names
Öz
Creating a common historical perspective on anatomy is necessary for humanity to complete its mental and philosophical development. Since the 1600s, the Netherlands has made great contributions to the historical development of the science of anatomy. In addition to the medical conditions encountered in daily life, the science of surgery, which developed thanks to the wars, has glorified the science of anatomy over time. In the 1600s, anatomy theaters in the Netherlands were established under the leadership of surgeons and supported by the administrators. The scientific environment they created made the Netherlands one of the important medical education centers in Europe, like Italy and France. This success can be explained by the fact that the Dutch people placed scientific methods in the new universities they established in parallel with the economic, political, cultural and mental development of the Dutch people. Thus the Netherlands of the 1600s almost created a historical step between today's and medieval faculties. This period of the Netherlands, which, with its progressive climate, created science and art producers who have shaped the world's anatomy and medical education today, should be remembered with its important names and contributions.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Anatomy theatres Netherlands Leiden cadaver human dissection
Kaynakça
- 1. Boer L, Radziun AB, Oostra RJ. Frederik Ruysch (1638–1731): Historical perspective and contemporary analysis of his teratological legacy. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 2017;173(1), 16-41.
- 2. Kidd M, Modlin IM. The luminati of Leiden: from Bontius to Boerhaave. World journal of surgery 1999a;23(12), 1307-1314.
- 3. Cole FJ. The University of Leyden: Contributions to Biology and Medicine. Nature 1941;147(3719), 161-163.
- 4. Afek A, Friedman T, Kugel C, Barshack I, Lurie DJ. Dr Tulp's Anatomy Lesson by Rembrandt: The Third Day Hypothesis. Israel Medical Association Journal 2009;11(7), 389-392.
- 5. Baljet B. The painted Amsterdam anatomy lessons: Anatomy performances in dissecting rooms?. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger 2000;182(1), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0940-9602(00)80114-4.
- 6. Modlin IM, Kidd M, Lye K. Amsterdam and Netherlands gastroenterology: a historical perspective. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 2002;16(6), 971-998.
- 7. Baylan H, Demirci GN. The Emergence and Effects of the First Anatomy Theatres in Western Europe. Int. J. Morphol 2023; 41(3), 819-824.
- 8. Yunusoğlu FT. Surgeons on the tip of the brush: Surgeons' Guilds paintings in 17th and 18th century Netherlands (dissertation) İstanbul University. 2008. http://nek.istanbul.edu.tr:4444/ekos/TEZ/43742.pdf
- 9. Kutia SA, Shaymardanova LR. Pieter Pauw (1564-1617). Russian Open Medical Journal 2017;6(3), 309-309.
- 10. Sawday J. The body emblazoned: dissection and the human body in Renaissance culture. London. Psychology Press; 1995. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315887753
- 11. Bonjer HJ, Bruining HA. Surgery in the Netherlands. Archives of Surgery 1999;134(1), 92-98. doi:10.1001/archsurg.134.1.92.
- 12. https://www.mauritshuis.nl/en/our-collection/artworks/146-the-anatomy-lesson-of-dr-nicolaes-tulp/ access: 2023 August 25.
- 13. Gerson H. Rembrandt Paintings. New York: Harrison House Publishers; 1968.
- 14. IJpma FF, van de Graaf RC, Nicolai JPA, Meek MF. The Anatomy lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt (1632): a comparison of the painting with a dissected left forearm of a Dutch male cadaver. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2006;31(6), 882-891.
- 15. Bohde D. Skin and the Search for the Interior: The Representation of Flaying in the Art and Anatomy of the Cinquecento. In: Egmond F, Zwijnenberg R, editors. Bodily extremities: Preoccupations with the human body in early modern European culture. Routledge. Ashgate Publishing; 2003. p.10-47.
- 16. Kidd M, Modlin IM. Frederick Ruysch: master anatomist and depictor of the surreality of death. Journal of Medical Biography 1999b;7(2), 69-77.
- 17. Hansen JV. Galleries of Life and Death: The Anatomy Lesson in Dutch Art, 1603-1773, (dissertation): Stanford University. 1996. https://www.proquest.com/docview/304303736?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 18 Ağustos 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4 |
SMJ'de yayınlanan makaleler, Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı kapsamında lisanslanır