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COVİD-19 Salgını Sürecinde 3-9 Yaş Arasındaki Çocukların Ekran Maruziyet Süresinin Belirlenmesi ve Ekran Maruziyetine Etki Eden Etmenlerin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 5, 432 - 439, 20.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1117209

Öz

Amaç: Türkiye’de ilk COVİD-19 vakası 11 Mart 2020’de tespit edilmiş ve salgının ilerleyişini önlemek için hızlıca tedbirler alınmaya başlanmıştır. COVİD-19 pandemi süresi boyunca çocuklara getirilen sokağa çıkma yasağı, okulların kapatılması ve salgının seyrine göre periyodik olarak yasakların güncelleştirilmesi ile çocuklar gün içerisinde zorunlu olarak evlerde daha fazla zaman geçirmek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu çalışmada COVİD-19 pandemi sürecinin Türkiye’deki 3-9 yaş arasındaki çocukların ekran süresini nasıl etkilenmiş olduğunu belirlemek ve ekran süresine etki eden etmenlerin neler olduğunu incelemek amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tipte bir çalışma olup 3 Mayıs 2020-30 Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Türkiye genelinde çevrim içi anket formunun ulaştırılabildiği, 3-9 yaş arasında çocuğu olup anketi dolduran ebeveynler araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 3-9 yaş aralığında çocuğu olan 9483 ebeveyn katıldı. Çalışmaya katılan çocukların %82.9’unun pandemi öncesi dönem ile kıyaslandığında ekran süresinin artmış olduğu saptandı. Ekran süresindeki ortalama artış 150.84±95.842 dakika/gündü. Katılımcıların %74.9’unda (n=5122) artışın günde bir saatten fazla olduğu gözlendi. Pandemi döneminde belirtilen tarihlerde çalışmaya katılan çocukların günlük ortalama ekran süresi 193.2±123.8, ortalama çevrim içi eğitim süresi 66.8±62.2, çevrim içi eğitimden farklı bir nedenle ekran süresi 133±121.2 dakikaydı. Ebeveynin ekran süresi planının olmaması, ekranı ebeveyn kontrolünde izlememek, ebeveynin çocukla temel aktivitesinin ekran aracılı olması, çocuğun ekran kullanımındaki temel amacının oyun/eğlence olması artan ekran süresi ile ilişkili bulundu.

Sonuç: Pandemi döneminde çocukların önemli bir kısmının günlük ekran süresi artmıştır ve ekran karşısında geçirdikleri süre oldukça fazladır. Yaş gruplarına göre çocukların ekran kullanım amacı ve bu amaca yönelik olan ekran süreleri de değişiklik göstermektedir. Ebeveynlerin tutum ve davranışlarının pandemi döneminde çocukların ekran süresi ile ilişkili olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

YOK

Proje Numarası

YOK

Kaynakça

  • Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep for children under five years of age. ISBN 978-92-4-155053-6. World Health Organization 2019. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/325147/WHO-NMH-PND-2019.4-eng.pdf (Accessed on March 28, 2021)
  • Chassiakos RY, Radesky J, Christakis D, Moreno MA, Cross C. Children and Adolescents and Digital Media. Pediatrics November 2016;138:e20162593.
  • Kaur N, Gupta M, Malhi P, Grover S. Screen Time in Under-five Children. Indian Pediatr 2019;56:773-88.
  • Wiederhold BK, Children’s Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Boundaries and Etiquette. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2020;23:359-60.
  • Cross C. Working and learning from home during the COVID-19 outbreak. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chestlungs/Pages/Working-and-Learning-from-Home-During-the-COVID-19-Outbreak.aspx (Accessed on March 28, 2021).
  • Nagata J, Magid HSA, Gabriel KP. Screen Time for Children and Adolescents During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Obesity 2020; 28:1582-3.
  • Lissak G. Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study. Environmental Research 2018 ; 164:149-57.
  • Montanari SD. Clinical and psychological effects of excessive screen time on children. J Paediatr Child Health 2017;53:333-8.
  • AAP Council On Communications And Media. Media and Young Minds. Pediatrics 2016;138:e20162591.
  • Barr-Anderson DJ, Fulkerson JA, Smyth M, Himes JH, Hannan PJ, Rock BH, et al. Associations of American Indian children’s screen-time behavior with parental television behavior, parental perceptions of children’s screen time, and media-related resources in the home. Prev Chronic Dis 2011;8:A105.
  • Gingold JA, Simon AE, Schoendorf KC. Excess screen time in US children: Association with family rules and alternative activities. Clin Pediatr 2014;53:41–50.
  • Hu BY, Johnson GK, Wu H. Screen time relationship of Chinese parents and their children. Children and Youth Services Review2018;94:659–69.
  • Guerrero MD, Vanderloo LM, Rhodes RE, Faulkner G, Moore SA, Tremblay MS. Canadian children’s and youth’s adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic: A decision tree analysis. J Sport Health Sci 2020; 9: 313–21.
  • Whiting S, Buoncristiano M, Gelius P, Abu-Omar K, Pattison M, Hyska J, et al. Physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration of children aged 6–9 years in 25 countries: an analysis within the WHO European childhood obesity surveillance initiative (COSI) 2015–2017. Obes Facts 2021;14:32–44.
  • Yilmaz G, Demirli Caylan N, Karacan CD. An intervention to preschool children for reducing screen time: a randomized controlled trial. Child Care Health Dev 2015;41:443–9.
  • Oflu A, Bükülmez A, Elmas E, Tahta EG, Çeleğen M. Comparison of screen time and digital gaming habits of Turkish children before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Turk Arch Pediatr 2021; 56: 22-6.
  • National Education Statistics Formal Education 2019/’20. A Publication of Official Statistics Programme. Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
  • http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_09/04144812_meb_istatistikleri_orgun_egitim_2019_2020.pdf (Accessed on June 2, 2021)
  • Schmidt SCE, Anedda B, Burchartz A, Eichsteller A, Kolb S, Nigg C, et al. Physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: a natural experiment. Sci Rep 2020;10: 21780.
  • Xiang M, Zhang Z, Kuwahara K. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents’ lifestyle behavior larger than expected. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020;63:531-2.
  • King DL, Delfabbro PH, Billieux J, Potenza MN. Problematic online gaming and the Covid-19 pandemic. J Behav Addict 2020;9:184-6.
  • Eyimaya ÖA, Irmak YA. Relationship Between Parenting Practices and Children’s Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey. J Pediatr Nurs 2021;56:24–9.
  • Aman BS, Björkqvsit K. Parents’ assessments of how much time they spend with their children at different ages. Psychol Rep 2004;94:1025-30. A re Children Really Learning? Exploring foundational skills in the midst of a learning crisis. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) March 2022. file:///C:/Users/genel/Downloads/UNICEF_Are-children-really-learning_Report_2022_English.pdf (Accessed on June 13, 2022)

Determining Screen Time of Children Between 3-9 Years During COVID-19 Pandemic And Investigation of Factors Related To Screen Time

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 5, 432 - 439, 20.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1117209

Öz

Objective: The first COVID-19 case in Turkey was detected on March 11, 2020, and measures were taken to prevent the epidemic’s progression. As the schools were closed and curfew was imposed on children with periodically updated bans, children had to spend more time at home during the day. In the study, we aimed to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the screen time of children aged 3-9 in Turkey and examine the factors affecting screen time.

Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between May 3, 2020, and May 30, 2020. Throughout Turkey, mothers or fathers with at least one child between the ages of 3 and 9 were invited to the online survey via social media, telephone message groups, or e-mail. The parents who voluntarily answered the online questionnaire constituted the study participants.

Results: A total of 9483 parents with children between the ages of 3 and 9 participated in the study. It was determined that 82.9% of the children participating in the study had increased screen time compared to the pre-pandemic period. The mean increase in screen time was 151±96 minutes/day. The increase was more than one hour per day in 74.9% of the participants (n=5122). The average daily screen time of the children participating in the study on the dates specified during the pandemic period was 193±124, the average time spent for online education was 67±62 minutes/day, and for leisure activities with the screen was 133±121 minutes/day. Screen time was significantly higher in children whose parent did not have a plan for child’s screen use (OR: 3.085, 95% CI, 2.723 to 3.494, p<.0010) or children who did not use the screen under parental control (OR: 1.533, 95% CI, 1.352 to 1.73, p<.001).

Conclusion: During the pandemic, daily screen time increased in a significant number of children, and the time they spent in front of the screen was relatively high. The purpose and duration of screen use varied between preschoolers and school children. Parental attitudes and behaviors were related to children’s screen time during the pandemic period.

Proje Numarası

YOK

Kaynakça

  • Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep for children under five years of age. ISBN 978-92-4-155053-6. World Health Organization 2019. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/325147/WHO-NMH-PND-2019.4-eng.pdf (Accessed on March 28, 2021)
  • Chassiakos RY, Radesky J, Christakis D, Moreno MA, Cross C. Children and Adolescents and Digital Media. Pediatrics November 2016;138:e20162593.
  • Kaur N, Gupta M, Malhi P, Grover S. Screen Time in Under-five Children. Indian Pediatr 2019;56:773-88.
  • Wiederhold BK, Children’s Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Boundaries and Etiquette. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2020;23:359-60.
  • Cross C. Working and learning from home during the COVID-19 outbreak. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chestlungs/Pages/Working-and-Learning-from-Home-During-the-COVID-19-Outbreak.aspx (Accessed on March 28, 2021).
  • Nagata J, Magid HSA, Gabriel KP. Screen Time for Children and Adolescents During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Obesity 2020; 28:1582-3.
  • Lissak G. Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study. Environmental Research 2018 ; 164:149-57.
  • Montanari SD. Clinical and psychological effects of excessive screen time on children. J Paediatr Child Health 2017;53:333-8.
  • AAP Council On Communications And Media. Media and Young Minds. Pediatrics 2016;138:e20162591.
  • Barr-Anderson DJ, Fulkerson JA, Smyth M, Himes JH, Hannan PJ, Rock BH, et al. Associations of American Indian children’s screen-time behavior with parental television behavior, parental perceptions of children’s screen time, and media-related resources in the home. Prev Chronic Dis 2011;8:A105.
  • Gingold JA, Simon AE, Schoendorf KC. Excess screen time in US children: Association with family rules and alternative activities. Clin Pediatr 2014;53:41–50.
  • Hu BY, Johnson GK, Wu H. Screen time relationship of Chinese parents and their children. Children and Youth Services Review2018;94:659–69.
  • Guerrero MD, Vanderloo LM, Rhodes RE, Faulkner G, Moore SA, Tremblay MS. Canadian children’s and youth’s adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic: A decision tree analysis. J Sport Health Sci 2020; 9: 313–21.
  • Whiting S, Buoncristiano M, Gelius P, Abu-Omar K, Pattison M, Hyska J, et al. Physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration of children aged 6–9 years in 25 countries: an analysis within the WHO European childhood obesity surveillance initiative (COSI) 2015–2017. Obes Facts 2021;14:32–44.
  • Yilmaz G, Demirli Caylan N, Karacan CD. An intervention to preschool children for reducing screen time: a randomized controlled trial. Child Care Health Dev 2015;41:443–9.
  • Oflu A, Bükülmez A, Elmas E, Tahta EG, Çeleğen M. Comparison of screen time and digital gaming habits of Turkish children before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Turk Arch Pediatr 2021; 56: 22-6.
  • National Education Statistics Formal Education 2019/’20. A Publication of Official Statistics Programme. Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
  • http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_09/04144812_meb_istatistikleri_orgun_egitim_2019_2020.pdf (Accessed on June 2, 2021)
  • Schmidt SCE, Anedda B, Burchartz A, Eichsteller A, Kolb S, Nigg C, et al. Physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: a natural experiment. Sci Rep 2020;10: 21780.
  • Xiang M, Zhang Z, Kuwahara K. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents’ lifestyle behavior larger than expected. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020;63:531-2.
  • King DL, Delfabbro PH, Billieux J, Potenza MN. Problematic online gaming and the Covid-19 pandemic. J Behav Addict 2020;9:184-6.
  • Eyimaya ÖA, Irmak YA. Relationship Between Parenting Practices and Children’s Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey. J Pediatr Nurs 2021;56:24–9.
  • Aman BS, Björkqvsit K. Parents’ assessments of how much time they spend with their children at different ages. Psychol Rep 2004;94:1025-30. A re Children Really Learning? Exploring foundational skills in the midst of a learning crisis. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) March 2022. file:///C:/Users/genel/Downloads/UNICEF_Are-children-really-learning_Report_2022_English.pdf (Accessed on June 13, 2022)
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İç Hastalıkları
Bölüm ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Yazarlar

Şenay Türe 0000-0001-6123-1943

Sevtap Velipaşaoğlu 0000-0002-0200-8079

Proje Numarası YOK
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Eylül 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Türe Ş, Velipaşaoğlu S. Determining Screen Time of Children Between 3-9 Years During COVID-19 Pandemic And Investigation of Factors Related To Screen Time. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2022;16(5):432-9.

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