Öz
Aim: In developing countries like our country, the frequency of breast cancer is gradually increasing. There are several risk factors of breast cancer. Besides that there can be some unrevealed risk factors. The aim of our study is to reveal demographic data of patients with breast cancer followed up in our hospital and the risk factors of breast cancer.
Material and Methods: 237 female patients treated with the diagnosis of breast cancer between 2005 and 2015 were included in the study. Demographic information, familial features, type of breast cancer, histology, stage-grade, hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status of the patients were recorded from the files of the patients.The patients diagnosed with breast cancer were grouped in terms of risk factors, prognostic factors, and the characteristics of breast cancer.
Results: A significant correlation was detected between early menarche and PR+ (p=0.034). It was observed that the disease occurred earlier in patients with early menarche (p=0.004). A high positive correlation was detected between TNBC and tumor size (p=0.019 r=0.581). Breast cancer was occuring in early ages in nulliparous patients and there was a moderate positive correlation between them (p=0.024 r=0.284).
Conclusions: We revealed that breast cancer might occur in early ages in females with early menarche or both with early menarche and nulliparity. Understanding the etiopathogenesis of this common disease is necessary to determine the content of early diagnosis, treatment, and screening programs. Each society should have their unique screening programmes as distinct from Western societies.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012; 380: 2095–128.
- 2. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin 2013; 63: 11–30.
- 3. Hortobagyi GN, Esserman L, Buchholz TA. Neoplasm of the breast. Cancer medicine. 7th ed. London: BC Decker Inc; 2006.
- 4. Russell RC, Bulstrode CJ, Williams NS. Bailey and Love’s short practice of surgery. Chapter on Breast Cancer. 23rd ed. London: Hodder Arnold; 2000.
- 5. McPherson K, Steel CM, Dixon JM. ABC of breast diseases. Breast cancer-epidemiology, risk factors, and genetics. BMJ 2000; 9: 624–8.
- 6. Nelson HD, Zakher B, Cantor A et al. Risk factors for breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2012; 156: 635–48.
- 7. Vicdan K, Kukner S, Dabakoglu T, Ergin T, Keles G, Gokmen O. Demographic and epidemiologic features of female adolescents in Turkey. J Adolesc Health 1996; 18: 54–8.
- 8. Abdulkareem IH. Aetio-pathogenesis of breast cancer. Niger Med J 2013; 54: 371–5.
- 9. Anderson KN, Schwab RB, Martinez ME. Reproductive risk factors and breast cancer subtypes: a review of the literature. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 144: 1–10.
- 10. Bao P-P, Shu XO, Gao Y-T et al. Association of hormone-related characteristics and breast cancer risk by estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status in the shanghai breast cancer study. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174: 661–71.
- 11. Phipps AI, Buist DSM, Malone KE et al. Reproductive history and risk of three breast cancer subtypes defined by three biomarkers. Cancer Causes Control 201; 22: 399–405.
- 12. Xing P, Li J, Jin F. A case-control study of reproductive factors associated with subtypes of breast cancer in Northeast China. Med Oncol 2010; 27: 926–31.
- 13. McKinlay SM, Bifano NL, McKinlay JB. Smoking and age at menopause in women. Ann Intern Med 1985; 103: 350–6.
- 14. Sahin NH, Bal MD, Boğa NM, Gökdemirel S, Taşpınar A. Women’s perception of the menopause and hormone treatment: barriers against hormone therapy. Climacteric 2011; 14: 152–6.
- 15. Ban KA, Godellas CV. Epidemiology of breast cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2014; 23: 409–22.
- 16. Perou CM, Sørlie T, Eisen MB et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 2000; 406: 747–52.
- 17. Rakha EA, El-Rehim DA, Paish C et al. Basal phenotype identifies a poor prognostic subgroup of breast cancer of clinical importance. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42: 3149–56.
- 18. John EM, Hines LM, Phipps AI et al. Reproductive history, breast-feeding and risk of triple negative breast cancer: The Breast Cancer Etiology in Minorities (BEM) study. Int J Cancer 2018; 142: 2273–85.
- 19. Bauer KR, Brown M, Cress RD, Parise CA, Caggiano V. Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: a population-based study from the California cancer Registry. Cancer 2007; 109: 1721–8.
Öz
Amaç: Ülkemiz gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ise meme kanseri sıklığı giderek artmaktadır. Meme kanserinin ortaya konulan birçok risk faktörleri bulunmakla birlikte, ortaya konmamış risk faktörleri de olabilir. Çalışmamızın amacı, merkezimizde takip ve tedavi edilen meme kanserli hastaların demografik verileri ve meme kanserine ait risk faktörlerini ortaya koymaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 2005-2015 tarihleri arasında meme kanseri nedeni ile takip ve tedavi edilen 237 kadın hasta alındı. Hastaların demografik bilgileri, ailesel özellikleri, meme kanseri tipi, histolojisi, evresi ve derecesi, hormon reseptör ve HER2 reseptör durumu dosyalarından elde edilerek kaydedildi. Meme kanseri tanısı olan hastalar, kendi içinde risk faktörleri, prognostik faktörler ve meme kanseri özellikleri açısından gruplandırarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Erken menarş ile PR+ liği arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu (p=0,034). Erken menarş olanlarda, hastalığın daha erken ortaya çıktığı saptandı (p=0,004). TNBC ile tümör çapı ile pozitif yönde yüksek dereceli bir ilişki saptandı (p=0,019 r=0,581). Hiç doğum yapmayan hastalarda, meme kanseri daha erken yaşta ortaya çıkmaktaydı ve aralarında pozitif yönlü orta dereceli bir ilişki mevcuttu (p=0.024 r=0,284).
Tartışma: Çalışmamızda, erken menarş olan veya erken menarş olup hiç doğum yapmayan kadınlarda meme kanserinin daha erken ortaya çıkabileceği saptanmıştır. Yaygın görülen bu hastalığın etiyopatogenezini anlamak, erken teşhis, tedavi ve tarama programlarının içeriğinin belirlenmesi için gereklidir. Toplumumuzda, meme kanseri gelişiminde etkili risk faktörlerinin, batı toplumlarında olan risk faktörlerinden ne gibi farklılıklar gösterdiğini anlayabilmek ve ülkemize özgü tarama programlarını geliştirebilmek için daha büyük çaplı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012; 380: 2095–128.
- 2. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin 2013; 63: 11–30.
- 3. Hortobagyi GN, Esserman L, Buchholz TA. Neoplasm of the breast. Cancer medicine. 7th ed. London: BC Decker Inc; 2006.
- 4. Russell RC, Bulstrode CJ, Williams NS. Bailey and Love’s short practice of surgery. Chapter on Breast Cancer. 23rd ed. London: Hodder Arnold; 2000.
- 5. McPherson K, Steel CM, Dixon JM. ABC of breast diseases. Breast cancer-epidemiology, risk factors, and genetics. BMJ 2000; 9: 624–8.
- 6. Nelson HD, Zakher B, Cantor A et al. Risk factors for breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2012; 156: 635–48.
- 7. Vicdan K, Kukner S, Dabakoglu T, Ergin T, Keles G, Gokmen O. Demographic and epidemiologic features of female adolescents in Turkey. J Adolesc Health 1996; 18: 54–8.
- 8. Abdulkareem IH. Aetio-pathogenesis of breast cancer. Niger Med J 2013; 54: 371–5.
- 9. Anderson KN, Schwab RB, Martinez ME. Reproductive risk factors and breast cancer subtypes: a review of the literature. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 144: 1–10.
- 10. Bao P-P, Shu XO, Gao Y-T et al. Association of hormone-related characteristics and breast cancer risk by estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status in the shanghai breast cancer study. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174: 661–71.
- 11. Phipps AI, Buist DSM, Malone KE et al. Reproductive history and risk of three breast cancer subtypes defined by three biomarkers. Cancer Causes Control 201; 22: 399–405.
- 12. Xing P, Li J, Jin F. A case-control study of reproductive factors associated with subtypes of breast cancer in Northeast China. Med Oncol 2010; 27: 926–31.
- 13. McKinlay SM, Bifano NL, McKinlay JB. Smoking and age at menopause in women. Ann Intern Med 1985; 103: 350–6.
- 14. Sahin NH, Bal MD, Boğa NM, Gökdemirel S, Taşpınar A. Women’s perception of the menopause and hormone treatment: barriers against hormone therapy. Climacteric 2011; 14: 152–6.
- 15. Ban KA, Godellas CV. Epidemiology of breast cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2014; 23: 409–22.
- 16. Perou CM, Sørlie T, Eisen MB et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 2000; 406: 747–52.
- 17. Rakha EA, El-Rehim DA, Paish C et al. Basal phenotype identifies a poor prognostic subgroup of breast cancer of clinical importance. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42: 3149–56.
- 18. John EM, Hines LM, Phipps AI et al. Reproductive history, breast-feeding and risk of triple negative breast cancer: The Breast Cancer Etiology in Minorities (BEM) study. Int J Cancer 2018; 142: 2273–85.
- 19. Bauer KR, Brown M, Cress RD, Parise CA, Caggiano V. Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: a population-based study from the California cancer Registry. Cancer 2007; 109: 1721–8.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Özgün Makale |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Mart 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 |
Kaynak Göster
e-ISSN: 2149-8296
The content of this site is intended for health care professionals. All the published articles are distributed under the terms of
Creative Commons Attribution Licence,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.