THE EFFECT OF VERAPAMIL ADDED TO THE INSUFFLATION SYSTEM USED IN OFF-PUMP CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY ON ENDOTHELIAL DAMAGE

Ahmet Çora; Erdoğan İbrişim

Araştırma Makalesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 17 - 23, 07.04.2021

Ahmet Çora Erdoğan İbrişim

Öz

Kaynakça

1-Hennekens CH, Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease in Women. Heart Disease in Women; Cardiology Clinics16:1,1998.
2-Onat A, Oniki yıllık izlenimlerine göre Türk erişkinlerinde kalp sağlığı. Argos iletişim hizmetleri reklamcılık ve ticaret AŞ. Temmuz İstanbul-2003.
3-Sans S, Kesteloot H. Kromhout D on behalf of the Task Force . The burden of cardiovasculer diseases mortality in Europe.E Heart J 18:1231-1248, 1997.
4- Aytekin V. Girişimsel kardiyoloji ve perkütan intrakoroner girişimler. Paç M, Akçevin A, Aka AS, Buket S, Sarıoğlu T(ed). I.Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi, Ankara,623-44, 2004.
5- Edmunds HL.Extracorporeal perfusion.In.Cardiac Surgery in the Adult.Ed.Edmunds HL Mc GrawHill, USA.,2004.
6- Carrel A.On experimental surgery of the thoracic aorta and the heart.Ann Surg 52:83-95, 1910.
7- Goetz RH, Rohman M, Haller JD, et al.Internal mammary artery coronary artery anastomosis.A nonsuture method employing tantalium rings.J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg 41:378-386, 1961.
8- Kolesov EV.Pioneering minimally invasive coronary surgery.A historical perspective.In minimal Access cardiothoracic surgery( eds: Yim AP, Hazelrigg SR, Izzat MB, Landreneau RJ, Mack MJ, Naunheim KS).First edition, WB Saunders, Philedelphia, USA, pp:399-407, 2000.
9- Gibbon JH.Application of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery.Minn Med 37:171, 1954.
10- Kirklin JW, Brian G.Stenotic arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease.In: Kirklin JW, Brian G, eds.Cardiac Surgery, Second Edition.New York: Churchill Livingstone Inc, pp:285-382, 1993.
11- Westaby S.Organ dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass.A systemic inflammatory reaction initiated by the extracorporeal circuit.Intensive Care Med 13:89-95, 1987.
12- Kirklin JK, Blackstone EH, Kirklin JW.Cardiopulmonary by-pass:studies on its damaging effects.Blood Purif 5:168-78, 1987.
13- Howard RJ, Crain C, Franzini DA, et al.Effects of cardiopulmonary by-pass on pulmonary leukositosis and complement activation.Arch Surg 123:1496-501, 1988.
14- Edmunds HL.Extracorporeal perfusion.In.Cardiac Surgery in the Adult.Ed.Edmunds HL Mc GrawHill, USA, pp:255-294, 1997.
15- Edmunds HL.Inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass.Ann Thoracic Surg 66: s12-s16, 1998.
16- Magee MG, Jablonski KA, Stamou SC et al.Elimination of cardiopulmonary bypass improves early survival for multivessel coronary artery bypass patients.Ann Thorac Surg 73:1196-202, 2002.
17- Calafiore AM, Di Mauro M, Teodori G, Di Giammarco G, Cirmenni S, Contini M, Iaco AL, Pano M.Impact of aortic manuplation on incidence of cerebrovascular after surgical myocardial revascularization.Ann Thorac Surg. 73:1387-93, 2002.
18- The Veterans Administration Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Cooperative Study Group, 1984: Eleven-year survival in the Veterans Administration randomized Trial of Coronary Bypass Surgery for stable angina. N Engl J Med 311:133, 1984.
19- European Coronary Surgery Study Group: Long-term results of prospective randomized study of coronary artery bypass surgery in stable angina pectoris. Lancet 1982; 2:1173.
20- CASS principal investigators and their associates: Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS): a randomized trial of coronary artery bypass surgery, survival data. Circulation 1983; 68:939.
21- Kirklin JW, Brian G. Stenotic arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease . In:Kirklin JW, Brian G,eds. Cardiac Surgery,second edition . New York: Churchill Livingstone Inc, pp:285-382,1993.
22- Edmunds HL. Inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary by pass . Ann Thoracic Surg 66: s12-s16, 1998.
23- Puskas JD, Wright CE, Ronson RS, et al: Off-pump mutivessel coronary bypass via sternotomy is safe and effective.Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66:1068.
24- Trehan M, Mishra M, Sharma OM, et al: Further reduction in stroke after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a 10-year experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72:s1026.
25- Guler M, Kirali K, Toker ME, et al:Different CABG methods in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Ann Thorac Surg 2001: 71:152. 26- Trapp WG, Bisarya R.Placement of coronary artery bypass graft without pump oxygenetor.Ann Thorac Surg 19:1-9, 1975.
27- Ankemey JL.To use or not to use pump oxygenetor in coroary bypass operations.Ann Thorac Surg 19:108-9, 1975.
28- Archer R, Ott DA, PatiravinciniR, et al.Coronary revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass.Tex heart Inst J 11:52-7, 1984.
29- Buffalo E, Andreade JCS, Branco JNR, et al.Myocardial revascularization without extracorporeal circulation: seven-years experience in 593 cases.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 4:504-8, 1990.
30- Tasdemir O, Vural KM, Karagöz H, Bayazit K.Coronary artery bypass grafting on the beating heart without use of extracorporeal circulation:review of 2052 cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 116:68-73, 1998.
31- Isik O, Daglar B, Kirali K, Balkanay M, Arbatli H, Yakut C.Coronary bypass grafting via mini thoracotomy on the beating heart.Ann Thorac Surg 63:s57-s60, 1997.
32- Omeroglu SN, Kirali K, Guler M, Toker ME, Ipek G, Isik O, Yakut C.Midterm angiographic assesment of coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass.Ann Thorac Surg 70:844-9, 2000.
33- Farsak B, Gunaydin S, Kandemir O, Tokmakoglu H, Aydin H, Yorgancioglu C, Suzer K, Zorlutuna Y.Midterm angiographic results of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.Heart Surg Forum 5:358-63, 2002.
34- Calafiore AM.Technique and results pre and poststabilization era.Symposium.Facts and Myths of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, New Orleans, January 24, p:20, 1998.
35- Ener S, Atasoy S, Gücü A, Paker AF, Bayram S, Candan T, Özer ZG.Çalışan kalpte lokal stabilizasyonla( Octopus ve CTS) çok damar koroner baypas.XV. Ulusal Kardiyoloji Kongresi, İzmir, 09-12 Ekim 1999.
36- Ener S.Koroner cerrahisinde yeni çağ “OPCAB”.Uludağ Üniversitesi deneyimi.(Minimal İnvaziv Kalp cerrahisi Paneli)VI. Ulusal Göğüs Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Kongresi.Antalya, 21-25 Ekim 2000.
37- Hart JC, Sponer T, Pym J, Flavin FT, Edgarton JR, Mack MJ, Jansen WLE.A review of 1582 consecutive octopus off-pump coronary bypass patients.Ann Thorac Surg 70:1017-21, 2000.
38- Enver S, Serdar OA, Atasoy S, Gücü A, Paker AF, Bayram AS, Cengiz M, Özer ZG.Initial results of consecutive 170 opcab surgery using mechanical stabilization.The 6th Annual Cardiothoracic Techniques & Technologies, Bal Harbour, Florida USA, January 27-29, 2000.
39- Saba D, Senkaya I, Ercan A, Kan İ, Özkan H.Is %100 beating heart coronary by-pass justified?Cardiovasc Surg 10:579-85, 2002.
40- Bergsland J, Ancona GD, Karamanoukian H, Ricci M, Salerno T,.Technical tips and pitfalls in OPCAB surgery.The Buffalo Experience.Heart Surg Forum 3:189-93, 2000.
41- Ip JH, Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon J, Taubman MB, Chesebro JH.Syndromes of accelerated atherosclerosis:role of vascular injury and smooth muscle cell proliferation.J Am Coll Cardiol 15:1667-87, 1990.
42- Burfeind WR, Duhaylongsod FG, Annex BH, Samuelson D.High-flow gas insufflation to facilitate MIDCABG:Effects on Coronary Endothelium.Ann Thorac Surg 66:1246-9, 1998
43- Poulton TJ.Visualization of coronary artery anastomoses by gas jet (letter).Ann Thorac Surg 54: 598-9, 1992. 44- William R, Burfein Jr, MD, et al. High-flow gas insufflation to facilitate MIDCAB:Effects on coronary endothelium. Ann Thorac Surg 66:1246-9, 1998.
45- Gerola LR, Maura LA, Leao LE, Soares HC, Branau JN, Buffalo E. Arteriel wall damage caused by snaring of the coronary arteries during off-pump revascularization. Heart Surg Forum 2000; 3(2):103-6.
46- Wippermann J, Albes JM, Brandes H, Kosmehl H, Bruhin R, Wahlers T.Acute Effects of Tourniquet occlusion and intraluminal shunts in beating heart surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003 Nov;24(5): 757-61.
47- Burfeind WR Jr, Duhaglongsod FG, Annex BH, Samuelson D.High-Flow gas insufflation to facilitate MIDCABG:Effects on coronary endothelium. Ann Thorac Surg 1998 Oct; 66(4):1246-9
48- Brown KM, Sabetai MM, Venn GE.Gas embolism from the left ventricle and aortic root;A possible side effect of high-flow gas insufflation during coronary artery surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2004 Jul: 78(1) 387-8.
49-Palmer RMJ, Ferrige AG, Moncade S.Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium derived relaxing factor. Nature 327: 524-26 1987.
50- Pahl U. Holtz J, Buse R, Bessenge E,.Crucial role of endothelium in the vasodilator response to increased flow in vivo. Hypertension 8:27-44, 1986.
51- Cathcart M.K, D.W. Morel and G.M Chisolm.1985.Monocytes and neutrophils oxidize low density lipoprotein making it cytotoxic. J. Leukocyte Biol. 38:341-350.
52- Hessler JR, DW Morel, LJ Lewis and GM Chisolm.1983.Lipoprotein oxidation and lipoprotein-induced cytotoxicity. Arteriosclerosis. 3:215-222.
53- Mason RP, Walter MF, Trumbore MW, Olmstead Jr EG, Mason PE.Membrane antioxidant effects of the charged dihydropyridine calcium antagonist Amlodipine. J Mol Cell Cardiol 31:275-281, 1999.
54- Janero DR, Burghardt B, Lopez R.Protection of cardiac membrane phospholipid against oxidative injury by calcium antagonists. Biochem Pharmacol 37:4197-4203, 1988.
55- Ondrias K, Misik V, Gergel D, Stasko A. Lipid peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes depressed by the calcium channel blockers nifedipine and verapamile and by the antiarrhythmic-antihypoxic drug stobadine. Biochim Biophys Acta; 1003:238-245, 1989.
56- Mak IT, Weglicki WB. Comperative antioxidant activities of propranolol, nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem against sarcolemmal membrane lipid peroxidation. Circ Res; 66:1449-1452, 1990.
57- Henry PD. Antiperoxidative actions of calcium antagonists and atherogenesis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. ; 18:S6-S10, 1991.
58- Mak IT, Boehme P, Weglicki WB. Antioxidant effects of calcium channel blockers against free radical injury in endothelial cells: correlation of protection with preservation of glutathione levels. Circ Res; 70:1099-1103, 1992.
59- Tulenko TN, Laury-Kleintop L, Walter MF, Mason RP. Cholesterol, calcium and atherosclerosis: is there a role for calcium channel blockers in atheroprotection?. Int J Cardiol; 62(Suppl. 2): 855-866, 1997.
60- Napoli C, Chiariello M, Palumbo G, Ambrosio G. Calcium channel blockers inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation by oxygen radicals. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1996; 10:417-24.
61- Lupo E, Locher R, Weisser B, Vetter W. In vitro antioxidant activity of calcium antagonists against LDL oxidation compared with alpha-tochopherol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 203:1803-8.
62- Rojstaczer N, Triggle DJ.Structure-function relationship of calcium antagonists.Effect on oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein.Biochem Pharmacol 1996; 51:141-50.
63- Mak IT, Boehme P, Weglicki WB.Antioxidant properties of active and inactive isomers of nicardipine incardiac membranes, endothelial cells and perfused rat hearts. Coron Artery Dis 1992; 3:1095-103.
64- Mak IT, Boehme P, Weglicki WB.Protective effects of calcium channel blockers against free radical-impaired endothelial cell proliferation.Biochem Pharmacol. 1995;50:1531-4.
65- Mak IT, Boehme P, Weglicki WB.Antioxidant properties of calcium channel blocking drugs. Method Enzymol 1994; 234(Part D):620-30.

THE EFFECT OF VERAPAMIL ADDED TO THE INSUFFLATION SYSTEM USED IN OFF-PUMP CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY ON ENDOTHELIAL DAMAGE

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 17 - 23, 07.04.2021

Ahmet Çora Erdoğan İbrişim

Öz

Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In addition to the medical options in the treatment, surgical intervention options such as percutaneous cardiac interventions and coronary artery bypass graft surgery have also taken place in treatment protocols. Performing surgery using a heart-lung machine in coronary artery bypass surgery has been a significant improvement in terms of anastomosis comfort for surgeons. However, the observation of the complications that may develop due to this machine has led to the birth of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, which allows the application of coronary artery bypass surgery without the use of a heart-lung machine in appropriate cases. However, while using this technique, the washing solution, which is a mixture of gas and serum, must be insufflated with pressure to the field for keeping the surgical field blood free. This insufflation itself can cause premature occlusion of anastomoses by causing endothelial damage.
In this study, we planned to investigate the protective effects of adding verapamil to the insufflation solution on the endothelium in off-pump coronary bypass

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coronary bypass, off-pump coronary bypass graft operation, endothelial damage, verapamil, insufflation solution

Kaynakça

1-Hennekens CH, Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease in Women. Heart Disease in Women; Cardiology Clinics16:1,1998.
2-Onat A, Oniki yıllık izlenimlerine göre Türk erişkinlerinde kalp sağlığı. Argos iletişim hizmetleri reklamcılık ve ticaret AŞ. Temmuz İstanbul-2003.
3-Sans S, Kesteloot H. Kromhout D on behalf of the Task Force . The burden of cardiovasculer diseases mortality in Europe.E Heart J 18:1231-1248, 1997.
4- Aytekin V. Girişimsel kardiyoloji ve perkütan intrakoroner girişimler. Paç M, Akçevin A, Aka AS, Buket S, Sarıoğlu T(ed). I.Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi, Ankara,623-44, 2004.
5- Edmunds HL.Extracorporeal perfusion.In.Cardiac Surgery in the Adult.Ed.Edmunds HL Mc GrawHill, USA.,2004.
6- Carrel A.On experimental surgery of the thoracic aorta and the heart.Ann Surg 52:83-95, 1910.
7- Goetz RH, Rohman M, Haller JD, et al.Internal mammary artery coronary artery anastomosis.A nonsuture method employing tantalium rings.J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg 41:378-386, 1961.
8- Kolesov EV.Pioneering minimally invasive coronary surgery.A historical perspective.In minimal Access cardiothoracic surgery( eds: Yim AP, Hazelrigg SR, Izzat MB, Landreneau RJ, Mack MJ, Naunheim KS).First edition, WB Saunders, Philedelphia, USA, pp:399-407, 2000.
9- Gibbon JH.Application of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery.Minn Med 37:171, 1954.
10- Kirklin JW, Brian G.Stenotic arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease.In: Kirklin JW, Brian G, eds.Cardiac Surgery, Second Edition.New York: Churchill Livingstone Inc, pp:285-382, 1993.
11- Westaby S.Organ dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass.A systemic inflammatory reaction initiated by the extracorporeal circuit.Intensive Care Med 13:89-95, 1987.
12- Kirklin JK, Blackstone EH, Kirklin JW.Cardiopulmonary by-pass:studies on its damaging effects.Blood Purif 5:168-78, 1987.
13- Howard RJ, Crain C, Franzini DA, et al.Effects of cardiopulmonary by-pass on pulmonary leukositosis and complement activation.Arch Surg 123:1496-501, 1988.
14- Edmunds HL.Extracorporeal perfusion.In.Cardiac Surgery in the Adult.Ed.Edmunds HL Mc GrawHill, USA, pp:255-294, 1997.
15- Edmunds HL.Inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass.Ann Thoracic Surg 66: s12-s16, 1998.
16- Magee MG, Jablonski KA, Stamou SC et al.Elimination of cardiopulmonary bypass improves early survival for multivessel coronary artery bypass patients.Ann Thorac Surg 73:1196-202, 2002.
17- Calafiore AM, Di Mauro M, Teodori G, Di Giammarco G, Cirmenni S, Contini M, Iaco AL, Pano M.Impact of aortic manuplation on incidence of cerebrovascular after surgical myocardial revascularization.Ann Thorac Surg. 73:1387-93, 2002.
18- The Veterans Administration Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Cooperative Study Group, 1984: Eleven-year survival in the Veterans Administration randomized Trial of Coronary Bypass Surgery for stable angina. N Engl J Med 311:133, 1984.
19- European Coronary Surgery Study Group: Long-term results of prospective randomized study of coronary artery bypass surgery in stable angina pectoris. Lancet 1982; 2:1173.
20- CASS principal investigators and their associates: Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS): a randomized trial of coronary artery bypass surgery, survival data. Circulation 1983; 68:939.
21- Kirklin JW, Brian G. Stenotic arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease . In:Kirklin JW, Brian G,eds. Cardiac Surgery,second edition . New York: Churchill Livingstone Inc, pp:285-382,1993.
22- Edmunds HL. Inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary by pass . Ann Thoracic Surg 66: s12-s16, 1998.
23- Puskas JD, Wright CE, Ronson RS, et al: Off-pump mutivessel coronary bypass via sternotomy is safe and effective.Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66:1068.
24- Trehan M, Mishra M, Sharma OM, et al: Further reduction in stroke after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a 10-year experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72:s1026.
25- Guler M, Kirali K, Toker ME, et al:Different CABG methods in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Ann Thorac Surg 2001: 71:152. 26- Trapp WG, Bisarya R.Placement of coronary artery bypass graft without pump oxygenetor.Ann Thorac Surg 19:1-9, 1975.
27- Ankemey JL.To use or not to use pump oxygenetor in coroary bypass operations.Ann Thorac Surg 19:108-9, 1975.
28- Archer R, Ott DA, PatiravinciniR, et al.Coronary revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass.Tex heart Inst J 11:52-7, 1984.
29- Buffalo E, Andreade JCS, Branco JNR, et al.Myocardial revascularization without extracorporeal circulation: seven-years experience in 593 cases.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 4:504-8, 1990.
30- Tasdemir O, Vural KM, Karagöz H, Bayazit K.Coronary artery bypass grafting on the beating heart without use of extracorporeal circulation:review of 2052 cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 116:68-73, 1998.
31- Isik O, Daglar B, Kirali K, Balkanay M, Arbatli H, Yakut C.Coronary bypass grafting via mini thoracotomy on the beating heart.Ann Thorac Surg 63:s57-s60, 1997.
32- Omeroglu SN, Kirali K, Guler M, Toker ME, Ipek G, Isik O, Yakut C.Midterm angiographic assesment of coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass.Ann Thorac Surg 70:844-9, 2000.
33- Farsak B, Gunaydin S, Kandemir O, Tokmakoglu H, Aydin H, Yorgancioglu C, Suzer K, Zorlutuna Y.Midterm angiographic results of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.Heart Surg Forum 5:358-63, 2002.
34- Calafiore AM.Technique and results pre and poststabilization era.Symposium.Facts and Myths of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, New Orleans, January 24, p:20, 1998.
35- Ener S, Atasoy S, Gücü A, Paker AF, Bayram S, Candan T, Özer ZG.Çalışan kalpte lokal stabilizasyonla( Octopus ve CTS) çok damar koroner baypas.XV. Ulusal Kardiyoloji Kongresi, İzmir, 09-12 Ekim 1999.
36- Ener S.Koroner cerrahisinde yeni çağ “OPCAB”.Uludağ Üniversitesi deneyimi.(Minimal İnvaziv Kalp cerrahisi Paneli)VI. Ulusal Göğüs Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Kongresi.Antalya, 21-25 Ekim 2000.
37- Hart JC, Sponer T, Pym J, Flavin FT, Edgarton JR, Mack MJ, Jansen WLE.A review of 1582 consecutive octopus off-pump coronary bypass patients.Ann Thorac Surg 70:1017-21, 2000.
38- Enver S, Serdar OA, Atasoy S, Gücü A, Paker AF, Bayram AS, Cengiz M, Özer ZG.Initial results of consecutive 170 opcab surgery using mechanical stabilization.The 6th Annual Cardiothoracic Techniques & Technologies, Bal Harbour, Florida USA, January 27-29, 2000.
39- Saba D, Senkaya I, Ercan A, Kan İ, Özkan H.Is %100 beating heart coronary by-pass justified?Cardiovasc Surg 10:579-85, 2002.
40- Bergsland J, Ancona GD, Karamanoukian H, Ricci M, Salerno T,.Technical tips and pitfalls in OPCAB surgery.The Buffalo Experience.Heart Surg Forum 3:189-93, 2000.
41- Ip JH, Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon J, Taubman MB, Chesebro JH.Syndromes of accelerated atherosclerosis:role of vascular injury and smooth muscle cell proliferation.J Am Coll Cardiol 15:1667-87, 1990.
42- Burfeind WR, Duhaylongsod FG, Annex BH, Samuelson D.High-flow gas insufflation to facilitate MIDCABG:Effects on Coronary Endothelium.Ann Thorac Surg 66:1246-9, 1998
43- Poulton TJ.Visualization of coronary artery anastomoses by gas jet (letter).Ann Thorac Surg 54: 598-9, 1992. 44- William R, Burfein Jr, MD, et al. High-flow gas insufflation to facilitate MIDCAB:Effects on coronary endothelium. Ann Thorac Surg 66:1246-9, 1998.
45- Gerola LR, Maura LA, Leao LE, Soares HC, Branau JN, Buffalo E. Arteriel wall damage caused by snaring of the coronary arteries during off-pump revascularization. Heart Surg Forum 2000; 3(2):103-6.
46- Wippermann J, Albes JM, Brandes H, Kosmehl H, Bruhin R, Wahlers T.Acute Effects of Tourniquet occlusion and intraluminal shunts in beating heart surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003 Nov;24(5): 757-61.
47- Burfeind WR Jr, Duhaglongsod FG, Annex BH, Samuelson D.High-Flow gas insufflation to facilitate MIDCABG:Effects on coronary endothelium. Ann Thorac Surg 1998 Oct; 66(4):1246-9
48- Brown KM, Sabetai MM, Venn GE.Gas embolism from the left ventricle and aortic root;A possible side effect of high-flow gas insufflation during coronary artery surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2004 Jul: 78(1) 387-8.
49-Palmer RMJ, Ferrige AG, Moncade S.Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium derived relaxing factor. Nature 327: 524-26 1987.
50- Pahl U. Holtz J, Buse R, Bessenge E,.Crucial role of endothelium in the vasodilator response to increased flow in vivo. Hypertension 8:27-44, 1986.
51- Cathcart M.K, D.W. Morel and G.M Chisolm.1985.Monocytes and neutrophils oxidize low density lipoprotein making it cytotoxic. J. Leukocyte Biol. 38:341-350.
52- Hessler JR, DW Morel, LJ Lewis and GM Chisolm.1983.Lipoprotein oxidation and lipoprotein-induced cytotoxicity. Arteriosclerosis. 3:215-222.
53- Mason RP, Walter MF, Trumbore MW, Olmstead Jr EG, Mason PE.Membrane antioxidant effects of the charged dihydropyridine calcium antagonist Amlodipine. J Mol Cell Cardiol 31:275-281, 1999.
54- Janero DR, Burghardt B, Lopez R.Protection of cardiac membrane phospholipid against oxidative injury by calcium antagonists. Biochem Pharmacol 37:4197-4203, 1988.
55- Ondrias K, Misik V, Gergel D, Stasko A. Lipid peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes depressed by the calcium channel blockers nifedipine and verapamile and by the antiarrhythmic-antihypoxic drug stobadine. Biochim Biophys Acta; 1003:238-245, 1989.
56- Mak IT, Weglicki WB. Comperative antioxidant activities of propranolol, nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem against sarcolemmal membrane lipid peroxidation. Circ Res; 66:1449-1452, 1990.
57- Henry PD. Antiperoxidative actions of calcium antagonists and atherogenesis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. ; 18:S6-S10, 1991.
58- Mak IT, Boehme P, Weglicki WB. Antioxidant effects of calcium channel blockers against free radical injury in endothelial cells: correlation of protection with preservation of glutathione levels. Circ Res; 70:1099-1103, 1992.
59- Tulenko TN, Laury-Kleintop L, Walter MF, Mason RP. Cholesterol, calcium and atherosclerosis: is there a role for calcium channel blockers in atheroprotection?. Int J Cardiol; 62(Suppl. 2): 855-866, 1997.
60- Napoli C, Chiariello M, Palumbo G, Ambrosio G. Calcium channel blockers inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation by oxygen radicals. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1996; 10:417-24.
61- Lupo E, Locher R, Weisser B, Vetter W. In vitro antioxidant activity of calcium antagonists against LDL oxidation compared with alpha-tochopherol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 203:1803-8.
62- Rojstaczer N, Triggle DJ.Structure-function relationship of calcium antagonists.Effect on oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein.Biochem Pharmacol 1996; 51:141-50.
63- Mak IT, Boehme P, Weglicki WB.Antioxidant properties of active and inactive isomers of nicardipine incardiac membranes, endothelial cells and perfused rat hearts. Coron Artery Dis 1992; 3:1095-103.
64- Mak IT, Boehme P, Weglicki WB.Protective effects of calcium channel blockers against free radical-impaired endothelial cell proliferation.Biochem Pharmacol. 1995;50:1531-4.
65- Mak IT, Boehme P, Weglicki WB.Antioxidant properties of calcium channel blocking drugs. Method Enzymol 1994; 234(Part D):620-30.

Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Ahmet Çora Erdoğan İbrişim
Yayımlanma Tarihi	7 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA	Çora, A., & İbrişim, E. (2021). THE EFFECT OF VERAPAMIL ADDED TO THE INSUFFLATION SYSTEM USED IN OFF-PUMP CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY ON ENDOTHELIAL DAMAGE. Turkish Journal of Health Science and Life, 4(1), 17-23.

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