Öz
Nanotechnology is the science of understanding and control of matter at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers. A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional system at the molecular scale. The importance of nanoparticles discriminating them from the big materials is not only their specific sizes. Nanoparticles produce different structures because of their specific physical, chemical and biological properties. The term “nanotechnology” was defined by Norio Taniguchi (Tokyo Science University) in 1974. The nanotechnology development can be divided in four generations. First generation of products (passive nanostructures)have come into use in about year 2000, second generation products (active nanostructures) approximately in 2005 and third generation products in about 2010. Fourth generation of products are expected to come into use with the years of 2015-2020. The use of these products has widened in many different areas such as medicine, pharmaceutical industry, textile, electronics, automotive, food and paint. In recent years, these materials have begun to take place in modern medicine, with the second generation products. Not only the development of this technology in such a short time, but also how we can be ready for it, is important.. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce this new field of science and to increase the awareness of our colleagues about nanotechnology.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Allhoff F. The coming era of nanomedicine. Am J Bioeth. 2009;9(10):3-11.
- 2. Murthy SK. Nanoparticles in modern medicine: state of the art and future challenges. Int J Nanomedicine. 2007;2(2): 129-41.
- 3. Taniguchi N. On the Basic Concept of ‘NanoTechnology’. Proc Inti Conf Prod Eng Tokyo Part II, Tokyo: Japan Society of Precision Engineering; 1974.
- 4. Binnig G, Rohrer H. Scanning Tunneling microscopy. Helvetica Physica Acta 1982;55:726-735.
- 5. Walkey C, Sykes EA, Chan WC. Application of semiconductor and metal nanostructures in biology and medicine. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2009:701-7.
- 6. Westen D, Bontoux T. The London Centre for Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine. 2009;4(8):869-73.
- 7. Villaverde A. Nanotechnology, bionanotechnology and microbial cell factories. Microb Cell Fact. 2010; DO1:10.1186/1475-2859-9-53.
- 8. Cho K, Wang X, Nie S, Chen ZG, Shin DM. Therapeutic nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(5):1310-6.
- 9. Roof KS, Coen J, Lynch TJ, et al. Concurrent cisplatin, 5-FU, paclitaxel, and radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2006. 65(4): 1120- 8.
- 10. Tomonaga M, Oka M, Narasaki F, et al. The multidrug resistance associated protein gene confers drug resistance in human gastric and colon cancers. Jpn J Cancer Res, 1996;87(12):1263-70.
- 11. Worden FP, Moon J, Samlowski W, et al. A phase II evaluation of a 3-hour infusion of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Southwest Oncology Group Study 0007. Cancer 2006;107(2):319-27.
- 12. Popovic N, Brundin P. Therapeutic potential of controlled drug delivery systems in neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Pharm 2006;314(2): 120-6.
- 13. Robins T, Plattner J. HIV Protease Inhibitors: their Anti-HIV activity and potential role in treatment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1993;6(2):162-70.
- 14. Rudolph C, Schillinger U, Ortiz A, et al. Application of novel solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN)-gene vector formulations based on a dimeric HIV-1 TAT-peptide in vitro and in vivo. Pharm Res 2004;21 (9): 1662-9.
- 15. Pignatello R, Bucolo C, Ferrara P, Maltese A, Puleo A, Puglisi G. Eudragit RS100 nanosuspensions for the ophthalmic controlled delivery of ibuprofen. Eur J Pharm Sci 2002;16(1-2):53-61.
- 16. Pison U, WelteT, Giersig M, Groneberg DA. Nanomedicine for respiratory diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2006;533(1-3):341-50.
- 17. Zhang W, Yang H, Kong X, et al. Inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus infection with intranasal siRNA nanoparticles targeting the viral NS1 gene. Nat Med 2005;11(1):56-62.
- 18. Owens DE 3rd, Peppas NA. Opsonization, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of polymeric nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2006;307(1):93-102.
- 19. Schlachetzki F, Zhang Y, Boado RJ, Pardridge WM. Gene therapy of the brain: the trans-vascular approach. Neurology 2004;62(8):1275-81.
- 20. Wickline SA, Neubauer AM, Winter P, Caruthers S, Lanza G. Applications of nanotechnology to atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol. 2006;26(3):435-41.
- 21. Sawant RM, Hurley JP, Salmaso S, et al. “SMART” drug delivery systems: double-targeted pH-responsive pharmaceutical nanocarriers. Bioconjugate Chern 2006;17(4):943-9.
- 22. O’Neal DP, Hirsch LR, Halas NJ, Payne JD, West JL. Photo-thermal tumor ablation in mice using near infra-red-absorbing nanoparticles. Cancer Lett. 2004;209(2):171-6.
- 23. Reilly RM. Carbon nanotubes: potential benefits and risks of nanotechnology in nuclear medicine. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(7):1039-42.
- 24. Lim JY, Hansen JC, Siedlecki CA, Runt J, Donahue HJ. Human foetal osteoblastic cell response to polymerdemixed nanotopographic interfaces. J R Soc Interface. 2005;22;2(2):97-108.
- 25. Shen LJ, Wu FL. Nanomedicines in renal transplant rejection-focus on sirolimus. Int J Nanomedicine. 2007;2(1):25-32.
- 26. Gu H, Chao J, Xiao SJ, Seeman NC. A proximity-based programmable DNA nanoscale assembly line. Nature. 2010 ;13;465(7295):202-5.
- 27. Gu H, Chao J, Xiao SJ, Seeman NC. Dynamic patterning programmed by DNA tiles captured on a DNA origami substrate. Nat Nanotechnol. 2009;4(4):245-8.
- 28. Toksöz S, Guler MO. Self-assembled peptidic nanostructures. Nano Today 2009;4(6):458-69.
- 29. Yavuz MS, Cheng Y, Chen J, et al. Gold nanocages covered by smart polymers for controlled release with near-infra-red light. Nat Mater 2009;8(12):935-9.
Öz
Nanoteknoloji, maddenin 1 ile 100 nanometre boyutlarındaki davranışlarını anlama ve kontrol etme bilimidir. Bir nanometre 1 metrenin milyarda biridir. Nanoteknoloji moleküler düzeyde fonksiyonel sistemler mühendisliğidir. Nanopartikülleri büyük materyallerden ayıran özellik sadece boyutlarının özel önemi değildir. Bu yapılar fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özellikleri açısından büyük materyallerden farklı bir yapı ortaya koyarlar. 1974 yılında ilk defa na-noteknolojiden Norio Taniguchi (Tokyo Bilim Üniversitesi) bahsetmiştir. Nanoteknoloji ürünlerinin gelişimi dört nesile ayrılabilir. Birinci nesil ürünler (pasif nanoyapılar) yaklaşık 2000 yılında, ikinci nesil ürünler (aktif nanoyapılar) yaklaşık 2005 yılında, üçüncü nesil ürünler ise 2010 yılında kullanıma girmişlerdir. Dördüncü nesil ürünlerin (moleküler boyuttaki aletler ve atomik dizayn) ise 2015-2020 yılları ile birlikte kullanıma girmesi beklenmektedir. Sağlık, ilaç sanayi, tekstil, elektronik, otomotiv, gıda, boya gibi farklı sahalarda birçok ürünlerde kullanımı yaygınlaşmıştır. Son yıllarda, ikinci nesil ürünlerle birlikte bu materyaller modern tıpta yer almaya başlamışlardır. Burada önemli olan sadece böyle bir teknolojinin ne kadar kısa bir zamanda geliştiği değil, aynı zamanda bizim bu yeni teknolojiye ne kadar hazır olabileceğimizdir. Bu yazının temel amacı, bu yeni bilim dalını tanıtmak ve meslektaşlarımızın nanoteknoloji konusunda farkındalığını artırmaktır.
Dr. Olcay TURGUT,
Dr. H.Levent KESKİN,
Dr. A.Filiz AVŞAR
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Allhoff F. The coming era of nanomedicine. Am J Bioeth. 2009;9(10):3-11.
- 2. Murthy SK. Nanoparticles in modern medicine: state of the art and future challenges. Int J Nanomedicine. 2007;2(2): 129-41.
- 3. Taniguchi N. On the Basic Concept of ‘NanoTechnology’. Proc Inti Conf Prod Eng Tokyo Part II, Tokyo: Japan Society of Precision Engineering; 1974.
- 4. Binnig G, Rohrer H. Scanning Tunneling microscopy. Helvetica Physica Acta 1982;55:726-735.
- 5. Walkey C, Sykes EA, Chan WC. Application of semiconductor and metal nanostructures in biology and medicine. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2009:701-7.
- 6. Westen D, Bontoux T. The London Centre for Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine. 2009;4(8):869-73.
- 7. Villaverde A. Nanotechnology, bionanotechnology and microbial cell factories. Microb Cell Fact. 2010; DO1:10.1186/1475-2859-9-53.
- 8. Cho K, Wang X, Nie S, Chen ZG, Shin DM. Therapeutic nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(5):1310-6.
- 9. Roof KS, Coen J, Lynch TJ, et al. Concurrent cisplatin, 5-FU, paclitaxel, and radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2006. 65(4): 1120- 8.
- 10. Tomonaga M, Oka M, Narasaki F, et al. The multidrug resistance associated protein gene confers drug resistance in human gastric and colon cancers. Jpn J Cancer Res, 1996;87(12):1263-70.
- 11. Worden FP, Moon J, Samlowski W, et al. A phase II evaluation of a 3-hour infusion of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Southwest Oncology Group Study 0007. Cancer 2006;107(2):319-27.
- 12. Popovic N, Brundin P. Therapeutic potential of controlled drug delivery systems in neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Pharm 2006;314(2): 120-6.
- 13. Robins T, Plattner J. HIV Protease Inhibitors: their Anti-HIV activity and potential role in treatment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1993;6(2):162-70.
- 14. Rudolph C, Schillinger U, Ortiz A, et al. Application of novel solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN)-gene vector formulations based on a dimeric HIV-1 TAT-peptide in vitro and in vivo. Pharm Res 2004;21 (9): 1662-9.
- 15. Pignatello R, Bucolo C, Ferrara P, Maltese A, Puleo A, Puglisi G. Eudragit RS100 nanosuspensions for the ophthalmic controlled delivery of ibuprofen. Eur J Pharm Sci 2002;16(1-2):53-61.
- 16. Pison U, WelteT, Giersig M, Groneberg DA. Nanomedicine for respiratory diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2006;533(1-3):341-50.
- 17. Zhang W, Yang H, Kong X, et al. Inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus infection with intranasal siRNA nanoparticles targeting the viral NS1 gene. Nat Med 2005;11(1):56-62.
- 18. Owens DE 3rd, Peppas NA. Opsonization, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of polymeric nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2006;307(1):93-102.
- 19. Schlachetzki F, Zhang Y, Boado RJ, Pardridge WM. Gene therapy of the brain: the trans-vascular approach. Neurology 2004;62(8):1275-81.
- 20. Wickline SA, Neubauer AM, Winter P, Caruthers S, Lanza G. Applications of nanotechnology to atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol. 2006;26(3):435-41.
- 21. Sawant RM, Hurley JP, Salmaso S, et al. “SMART” drug delivery systems: double-targeted pH-responsive pharmaceutical nanocarriers. Bioconjugate Chern 2006;17(4):943-9.
- 22. O’Neal DP, Hirsch LR, Halas NJ, Payne JD, West JL. Photo-thermal tumor ablation in mice using near infra-red-absorbing nanoparticles. Cancer Lett. 2004;209(2):171-6.
- 23. Reilly RM. Carbon nanotubes: potential benefits and risks of nanotechnology in nuclear medicine. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(7):1039-42.
- 24. Lim JY, Hansen JC, Siedlecki CA, Runt J, Donahue HJ. Human foetal osteoblastic cell response to polymerdemixed nanotopographic interfaces. J R Soc Interface. 2005;22;2(2):97-108.
- 25. Shen LJ, Wu FL. Nanomedicines in renal transplant rejection-focus on sirolimus. Int J Nanomedicine. 2007;2(1):25-32.
- 26. Gu H, Chao J, Xiao SJ, Seeman NC. A proximity-based programmable DNA nanoscale assembly line. Nature. 2010 ;13;465(7295):202-5.
- 27. Gu H, Chao J, Xiao SJ, Seeman NC. Dynamic patterning programmed by DNA tiles captured on a DNA origami substrate. Nat Nanotechnol. 2009;4(4):245-8.
- 28. Toksöz S, Guler MO. Self-assembled peptidic nanostructures. Nano Today 2009;4(6):458-69.
- 29. Yavuz MS, Cheng Y, Chen J, et al. Gold nanocages covered by smart polymers for controlled release with near-infra-red light. Nat Mater 2009;8(12):935-9.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum |
| Bölüm | Derlemeler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 20 Nisan 2011 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2011 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1 |
