Investigation of Relative Age Effect on Gymnasts Who Won Medals in Individual and Group Categories for 7 -14 Years
Öz
The relative age effect is a phenomenon that has emerged especially in the educational processes of children. The fact that children born in the same calendar year have more than 11 months between them according to the month they were born brings along great differences in terms of their development. This situation is also seen in sports education. Especially in sports activities that started at a young age, the time difference between the birth quarters of the athletes born in the same year will cause their physical performance to be affected, as their physical development is affected. Relative age effect studies in gymnastics were carried out in individual branches, but no study was conducted on group categories. Most of the studies also mention the relative age effect. Whether there is a relative age effect on athletes competing in group branches of gymnastics has not been investigated before. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand whether there is a relative age effect in the groups categories in Rhythmic Gymnastics and Aerobic Gymnastics branches. As a result of the evaluations, it was seen that there was no relative age effect on the medal winners in individual and group categories in aerobic gymnastics. While there is a relative age effect in some parts of the three seasons examined in rhythmic gymnastics, there is a relative age effect in terms of the athletes who won medals in the individual and group according to the average of the three seasons.
Anahtar Kelimeler
relative age effect rhythmic gymnastics aerobic gymnastics medal
Kaynakça
- Bağcı, E. (2021). Aerobik Cimnastik. In Ö. M. Ballı & Y. İ. Doğan (Eds.), Tüm branşları ile cimnastik (pp. 173-194). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
- Ballı, Ö. M., Doğan, Y. İ. (2021). Tüm branşlarıyla cimnastik (1 ed.). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
- Barnsley, R., Thompson, A., & Barnsley, P. E. (1985). Hockey success and birthdate: The relative age effect. Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, 51, 23-28.
- Baxter-Jones, A. D. (1995). Growth and development of young athletes. Should competition levels be age related? Sports Medicine, 20(2), 59-64. https://doiorg/10.2165/00007256-199520020-00001
- Cobley, S., Baker, J., Wattie, N., & McKenna, J. (2009). Annual age-grouping and athlete development a meta-analytical review of relative age effects in sport. Sports Medicine, 39(3), 235-256. https://doiorg/10.2165/00007256-200939030-00005
- Delorme, N., Chalabaev, A., & Raspaud, M. (2011). Relative age is associated with sport dropout: evidence from youth categories of French basketball. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 21(1), 120-128. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01060.x
- Edwards, S. (1994). Born too late to win? Nature, 370(6486), 186. https://doiorg/10.1038/370186a0
- Erkut, O. (2021). Artistik Cimnastik. In Ö. M. Ballı & Y. İ. Doğan (Eds.), Tüm Branşlarıyla Cimnastik (pp. 59-104). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
- Grondin, S., Deshaies, P., & Nault, L.-P. (1984). Trimestre de naissance et participation au hockey et au volleyball. La Revue québécoise de l'activité physique, 2, 97-103.
- Harun, G. (2020). 10-14 Yaş arası kız çocuklarının atletik performanslarının bağıl yaş etkisine göre karşılaştırılması. Sportive, 3(1), 1-15.
- Larouche, R., Laurencelle, L., Grondin, S., & Trudeau, F. (2010). Influence of birth quarter on the rate of physical activities and sports participation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(6), 627-631. doi:Pii 921309542 https://doiorg/10.1080/02640411003587392
- Montelpare, W. J., Scott, D., & Pelino, H. (1997, May 05-06). Tracking the relative age effect across minor amateur and professional ice hockey leagues. Paper presented at the 3rd Symposium on Ice Hockey, St Louis, Mo.
- Musch, J., & Grondin, S. (2001). Unequal competition as an impediment to personal development: a review of the relative age effect in sport. Developmental Review, 21(2), 147-167. doi:https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.2000.0516
- Örs, B. S. (2021). Ritmik cimnastik. In Ö. M. Ballı & Y. İ. Doğan (Eds.), Tüm branşları ile cimnastik (pp. 105-124). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
- Patalay, P., Belsky, J., Fonagy, P., Vostanis, P., Humphrey, N., Deighton, J., & Wolpert, M. (2015). The extent and specificity of relative age effects on mental health and functioning in early adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(5), 475-481. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.07.012
- Roberts, S. J., & Fairclough, S. J. (2012). The influence of relative age effect in the assessment of high school students in physical education in the United Kingdom. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 31(1), 56-70. doi:DOI 10.1123/jtpe.31.1.56
- Shearer, E. (1967). The effect of date of birth on teachers’ assessments of children. Educational Research, 10(1), 51-56. doi:10.1080/0013188670100104
- Thompson, A. H., Barnsley, R. H., & Battle, J. (2004). The relative age effect and the development of self-esteem. Educational Research, 46(3), 313-320. https://doiorg/10.1080/0013188042000277368
- Vincent, J., & Glamser, F. D. (2006). Gender differences in the relative age effect among US olympic development program youth soccer players. J Sports Sci, 24(4), 405-413. https://doiorg/10.1080/02640410500244655
7 -14 Yaş Bireysel Ve Grup Kategorilerinde Madalya Kazanan Cimnastikçilerde Bağil Yaş Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Öz
Bağıl yaş etkisi özellikle çocukların eğitim süreçlerinde ortaya çıkmış bir olgudur. Aynı takvim yılında doğmuş çocukların doğdukları aya göre aralarında 11 aydan fazla sürenin olması, gelişimleri açısından büyük farklılıkları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu durum spor eğitiminde de karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Özellikle küçük yaşta başlayan spor aktivitelerinde aynı yıl doğmuş olan sporcuların doğum çeyreklerine göre aralarındaki süre farkı, fiziksel gelişimlerinin etkilenmesi sebebi ile fiziksel performanslarının da etkilenmesine sebep olacaktır. Cimnastikte bağıl yaş etkisi çalışmaları bireysel branşlarda yapılmış, grup kategorileri ile ilgili çalışma yapılmamıştır. Çalışmaların çoğunda da bağıl yaş etkisinden bahsedilmektedir. Cimnastiğin grup branşlarında yarışan sporcularında bağıl yaş etkisinin olup olmadığı ise daha önce araştırılmamıştır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma Ritmik Cimnasitk ve Aerobik Cimnastik branşlarında gruplar kategorilerinde bağıl yaş etkisi olup olmadığını anlamak için yapılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda Aerobik cimnastikte bireysel ve grup kategorilerde madalya kazananlarda bağıl yaş etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Ritmik cimnastikte incelenen üç sezonun bazı bölümlerinde bağıl yaş etkisi görülürken, üç sezon ortalamasına göre bireyselde ve grupta madalya kazanan sporcular açısından bağıl yaş etkisi vardır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bağıl yaş etkisi Ritmik cimnastik Aerobik cimnastik madalya.
Kaynakça
- Bağcı, E. (2021). Aerobik Cimnastik. In Ö. M. Ballı & Y. İ. Doğan (Eds.), Tüm branşları ile cimnastik (pp. 173-194). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
- Ballı, Ö. M., Doğan, Y. İ. (2021). Tüm branşlarıyla cimnastik (1 ed.). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
- Barnsley, R., Thompson, A., & Barnsley, P. E. (1985). Hockey success and birthdate: The relative age effect. Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, 51, 23-28.
- Baxter-Jones, A. D. (1995). Growth and development of young athletes. Should competition levels be age related? Sports Medicine, 20(2), 59-64. https://doiorg/10.2165/00007256-199520020-00001
- Cobley, S., Baker, J., Wattie, N., & McKenna, J. (2009). Annual age-grouping and athlete development a meta-analytical review of relative age effects in sport. Sports Medicine, 39(3), 235-256. https://doiorg/10.2165/00007256-200939030-00005
- Delorme, N., Chalabaev, A., & Raspaud, M. (2011). Relative age is associated with sport dropout: evidence from youth categories of French basketball. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 21(1), 120-128. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01060.x
- Edwards, S. (1994). Born too late to win? Nature, 370(6486), 186. https://doiorg/10.1038/370186a0
- Erkut, O. (2021). Artistik Cimnastik. In Ö. M. Ballı & Y. İ. Doğan (Eds.), Tüm Branşlarıyla Cimnastik (pp. 59-104). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
- Grondin, S., Deshaies, P., & Nault, L.-P. (1984). Trimestre de naissance et participation au hockey et au volleyball. La Revue québécoise de l'activité physique, 2, 97-103.
- Harun, G. (2020). 10-14 Yaş arası kız çocuklarının atletik performanslarının bağıl yaş etkisine göre karşılaştırılması. Sportive, 3(1), 1-15.
- Larouche, R., Laurencelle, L., Grondin, S., & Trudeau, F. (2010). Influence of birth quarter on the rate of physical activities and sports participation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(6), 627-631. doi:Pii 921309542 https://doiorg/10.1080/02640411003587392
- Montelpare, W. J., Scott, D., & Pelino, H. (1997, May 05-06). Tracking the relative age effect across minor amateur and professional ice hockey leagues. Paper presented at the 3rd Symposium on Ice Hockey, St Louis, Mo.
- Musch, J., & Grondin, S. (2001). Unequal competition as an impediment to personal development: a review of the relative age effect in sport. Developmental Review, 21(2), 147-167. doi:https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.2000.0516
- Örs, B. S. (2021). Ritmik cimnastik. In Ö. M. Ballı & Y. İ. Doğan (Eds.), Tüm branşları ile cimnastik (pp. 105-124). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
- Patalay, P., Belsky, J., Fonagy, P., Vostanis, P., Humphrey, N., Deighton, J., & Wolpert, M. (2015). The extent and specificity of relative age effects on mental health and functioning in early adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(5), 475-481. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.07.012
- Roberts, S. J., & Fairclough, S. J. (2012). The influence of relative age effect in the assessment of high school students in physical education in the United Kingdom. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 31(1), 56-70. doi:DOI 10.1123/jtpe.31.1.56
- Shearer, E. (1967). The effect of date of birth on teachers’ assessments of children. Educational Research, 10(1), 51-56. doi:10.1080/0013188670100104
- Thompson, A. H., Barnsley, R. H., & Battle, J. (2004). The relative age effect and the development of self-esteem. Educational Research, 46(3), 313-320. https://doiorg/10.1080/0013188042000277368
- Vincent, J., & Glamser, F. D. (2006). Gender differences in the relative age effect among US olympic development program youth soccer players. J Sports Sci, 24(4), 405-413. https://doiorg/10.1080/02640410500244655
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Antrenman, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Pedagojisi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 22 Temmuz 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Temmuz 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3 |
