Araştırma Makalesi
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BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF THREE Hypericum L. SPECIES

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 125 - 134, 15.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.1043241

Öz

This study was performed in order to evaluate in vitro antioxidant, anti-Trichomonas vaginalis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of methanol extracts of aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L., H. thymbrifolium Boiss. & Noë and H. thymopsis Boiss. The antioxidant activity of methanol extracts was tested with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and iron chelating assays. The total phenol and flavonoid contents were also determined spectrophotometrically. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis were evaluated on MCF-7 breast cancer and PC3 prostate cancer cell line. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated by the microdilution method on the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and the fungal strain Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). All extracts demonstrated cytotoxic activity on PC3 prostat cancer cell line with a concentration dependent manner, while H. thymopsis extract was the most active against cancer cell growth. The obtained results of the present study revealed that the methanol extract of H. perforatum, H. thymbrifolium and H. thymopsis have significant antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The results provided the basic research data for further phytochemical and biological activity guided investigations on these species for identication and isolation of potential drug active compounds.

Destekleyen Kurum

Sivas Cumhuriyet University Scientific Research Foundation

Proje Numarası

CUBAP-ECZ020

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ainsworth, E.A. & Gillespie, K.M. 2007. Estimation of total phenolic content and other oxidation substrates in plant tissues using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Nature Protocols, 2(4): 875-876.
  • 2. Ban, J.O., Hwang, I.G., Kim, T.M., Hwang, B.Y., Lee, U.S., Jeong, H.S., Yoon, Y.W., Kim, D.J. & Hong, J.T. 2007. Anti-Proliferate and pro-Apoptotic Effects of 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-Dihydroxy-6-Methyl-4H-Pyranone through Inactivation of NF-ΚB in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 30(11): 1455-1463.
  • 3. Barış, D., Kızıl, M., Aytekin, Ç., Kızıl, G., Yavuz, M., Çeken, B. & Ertekin, A.S. 2011. In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Three Hypericum and Three Achillea Species From Turkey. International Journal of Food Properties, 14(2): 339-355.
  • 4. Baytop, T. 1984. Therapy With Medicinal Plants in Turkey (past and Present). Istanbul University Press, Istanbul, 520 pp.
  • 5. Baytop, T. 1999. Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey Past and Present. 2nd. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, Istanbul, 480 pp.
  • 6. Blois, M.S. 1958. Antioxidant Determination by the Use of a Stable Free Radical. Nature, 181: 1199-1200.
  • 7. Boga, M., Ertas, A., Eroglu-Ozkan, E., Kizil, M., Ceken, B. & Topcu, G. 2016. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and dna protective effects of Hypericum capitatum car. capitatum extracts. South African Journal of Botany, 104: 249-257.
  • 8. Boga, M., Ersoy, E., Ozkan, E.E., Cinar, E., Kara, E.M., Canturk, Y.Y. & Zengin, G. 2021. Volatile and phenolic profiling of a traditional medicinal plant, Hypericum empetrifolium with in vitro biological activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 272: 113933
  • 9. Bounatirou, S., Smiti, S., Miguel, M.G., Faleiro, L., Rejeb, M.N., Neffati, M., Costa, M.M., Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G. & Pedro, L.G. 2007. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils isolated from Tunisian Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link. Food Chemistry, 105(1): 146-155.
  • 10. Cargnin, S.T., de Brum Vieira, P., Cibulski, S., Cassel, E., Vargas, R.M.F., Montanha, J., Roehe, P., Tasca, T. & von Poser, G.L. 2013. Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of Hypericum polyanthemum extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and isolated compounds. Parasitology International, 62(2): 112-117.
  • 11. Carta, G., Elisabetta, M., Sebastiano, B. & Claudia, M. 2017. Palmitic Acid: Physiological Role, Metabolism and Nutritional Implications. Frontiers in Physiology, 8(11): 1-14.
  • 12. Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H. & Chem, J. 2002. Estimation of Total Flavonoid Content in Propolis by Two Commplementary Colorimetric Methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3): 178-182.
  • 13. Dinis, T.C.P., Madeira, V.M.C. & Almeida, M.L.M. 1994. Action of phenolic derivates (acetoaminophen, salycilate and 5-aminosalycilate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 315(1): 161-169.
  • 14. Eloff, J.N. 1989. A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for Bacteria. Planta Medica, 64: 711-713.
  • 15. Ergin, K.N., Karakaya, S., Göger, G., Sytar, O., Demirci, B. & Duman, H. 2022. Anatomical and Phytochemical Characteristics of Different Parts of Hypericum scabrum L. Extracts, Essential Oils, and Their Antimicrobial Potential. Molecules, 27: 1228.
  • 16. Ertabaklar, H., Yaman Karadam, S., Malatyalı, E. & Ertuğ, S. 2016. Investigation of in vitro Metronidazole Resistance in the Clinical Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis. Microbiyoloji Bulteni, 50(4): 552-558.
  • 17. Eruygur, N., Atas, M, Cevik, Ö. & Tekin, M. 2017. Investigating of Phytochemicals, antioxidant, antimicrobial and proliferative properties of different extracts of Thymus spathulifolius Hausskn. and Velen. endemic medicinal plant from Sivas, Turkey. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(3): 155-166.
  • 18. Eruygur, N., Ucar, E., Akpulat, H.A., Shahsavari, K., Safavi, S.M. & Kahrizi, D. 2019. In vitro antioxidant assessment, screening of enzyme inhibitory activities of methanol and water extracts and gene expression in Hypericum lydium. Molecular Biology Reports, 46(2): 2121-2129.
  • 19. Harada, H., Yamashita, U., Kurihara, H., Fukushi, E., Kawabata, J. & Kamei, Y. 2002. Antitumor activity of palmitic acid found as a selective cytotoxic substance in a marine red alga. Anticancer research, 22(5): 2587-2590.
  • 20. Hunt, E.J., Lester, C.E., Lester, E.A. & Tackett, R.L. 2001. Effect of St. John’s Wort on free radical production. Life Sciences, 69(2): 181-190.
  • 21. Hyun, T.K., Kim, H.C. & Kim, J.S. 2014. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. Industrial Crops and Products, 52: 611-616.
  • 22. Kirkcaldy, R.D., Augostini, P., Asbel, L.E., Bernstein, K.T., Kerani, R.P., Mettenbrink, C.J., Pathela, P., Schwebke, J.R., Secor W., Workowski, K.A., Davis, D., Braxton, J. & Weinstock, H.S. 2012. Trichomonas vaginalis antimicrobial drug resistance in 6 US Cities, STD surveillance network, 2009-2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(6): 939-943.
  • 23. Kizil, G., Kizil, M., Yavuz, M., Emen, S. & Hakimoǧlu, F. 2008. Antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts of Hypericum triquetrifolium and Hypericum scabroides. Pharmaceutical Biology, 46(4): 231-242.
  • 24. Mansour, S., Djebli, N., Ozkan, E.E. & Mat, A. 2014. In vivo antiinflammatory activity and chemical composition of Hypericum scabroides. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7(1): 514-520.
  • 25. Mosmann, T. 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of Immunological Methods, 65(1-2): 55-63.
  • 26. Moravcova, A., Červinková, Z., Kučera, O., Mezera, V., Rychtrmoc, D. & Lotkova, H. 2015. The effect of oleic and palmitic acid on induction of steatosis and cytotoxicity on rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Physiological research, 64(5): 627-636.
  • 27. Oh, J.M., Choi, J.M., Lee, J.Y., Oh, S.J., Kim, H.C., Kim, B.H., Ma, J. Y. & Kim, S.K. 2012. Effects of palmitic acid on TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity in SK-Hep-1 cells. Toxicology in Vitro, 26(6): 783-790.
  • 28. Oztürk, N., Korkmaz, S. & Oztürk, Y. 2007. Wound-healing activity of St . John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) on Chicken Embryonic Fibroblasts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111(1): 33-39.
  • 29. Özen, H.C. & Bashan, M. 2003. The composition of fatty acids in Hypericum scabrum, H. scabroides and H. amblysepalum. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 27(6): 723-725.
  • 30. Radulović, N., Stankov-Jovanovic, V., Stojanovic, G., Smelceroovic, A., Spitller, M. & Asakawa Y. 2007. Screening of in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of nine Hypericum species from the Balkans. Food Chemistry, 10(1): 15-21.
  • 31. Rahman, M.M., Hossain, M.A., Siddique, S.A., Biplab, K.P. & Uddin, M.H. 2012. Antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Alocasia Macrorrhizos (L.) Rhizome Extract. Turkish Journal of Biology, 36: 574-579.
  • 32. Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M. & Rice-Evans, C. 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 26(9-10): 1231-1237.
  • 33. Schwebke, J.R. & Barrientes, F.J. 2006. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Isolates with resistance to metronidazole and tinidazole. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 50(12): 4209-4210.
  • 34. Silva, B.A., Ferreres, F., Malva, J.O. & Dias Alberto, C.P. 2005. Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum alcoholic extracts. Food Chemistry, 90(1-2): 157-167.
  • 35. Snipes, L.J., Gamard, P.M., Narcisi, E.M., Beard, C.B., Lehmann, T. & Secor, W.E. 2000. Molecular epidemiology of metronidazole resistance in a population of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38: 3004-3009.
  • 36. Süntar, I.P., Akkol, E.K., Yilmazer, D., Baykal, T., Kirmizibekmez, H., Alper, M. & Yeşilada, E. 2010. Investigations on the in vivo wound healing potential of Hypericum perforatum L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127: 468-477.
  • 37. Takara, K., Otsuka, K., Wada, K., Iwasaki, H., & Yamashita, M. 2007. 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of constituents of sugarcane molasses. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 71(1): 183-191.
  • 38. Tala, M.F., Talontsi, F.M., Zeng, G.Z., Wabo, H.K., Tan, N.H., Spiteller, M. & Tane, P. 2015. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic constituents from native Cameroonian medicinal plant Hypericum riparium. Fitoterapia, 102: 149-155.
  • 39. Taran, M., Rezaeian, M. & Izaddoost, M. 2006. In vitro antitrichomonas activity of Allium hirtifolium (Persian shallot) in comparison with metronidazole. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 35(1): 92-94.
  • 40. Toker, Z., Kizil, G., Ozen, H.C., Kizil, M. & Ertekin, S. 2006. Compositions and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of two Hypericum Species from Turkey. Fitoterapia, 77: 57-60.
  • 41. Yang, D., Li, Z., Yang, Y., Li, X. & Xiao, W. 2015. Chemical constituents from Hypericum beanii. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 7(4): 375-79.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 125 - 134, 15.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.1043241

Öz

Bu çalışma, Hypericum perforatum L., H. thymbrifolium Boiss. & Noë ve H. thymopsis Boiss'ın toprak üstü kısımlarının metanol ekstrelerinin in vitro antioksidan, anti-Trichomonas vaginalis, antimikrobiyal ve sitotoksik aktivitelerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Metanol ekstrelerinin antioksidan aktivitesi, 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), (2,2'-azino-bis (3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sülfonik asit) (ABTS), ve demir şelatlama metodu ile test edildi. Toplam fenol ve flavonoid içerikleri de spektrofotometrik olarak analiz edildi. Sitotoksisite ve apoptoz, MCF-7 meme kanseri ve PC3 prostat kanseri hücre hattı üzerinde değerlendirildi. Antimikrobiyal aktivite, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) bakteri suşları ve Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) mantar suşu üzerinde mikrodilüsyon yöntemiyle değerlendirildi. Ekstrelerin tümü, konsantrasyona bağlı bir şekilde PC3 prostat kanseri hücre hattı üzerinde sitotoksik aktivite gösterirken, H. thymopsis ekstresi kanser hücresi büyümesine karşı en fazla etkiliydi. Bu çalışmanın elde edilen sonuçları, H. perforatum, H. thymbrifolium ve H. thymopsis'in metanol ekstresinin önemli antioksidan, sitotoksik aktiviteye sahip olduğunu ortaya koydu. Sonuçlar, potansiyel ilaç aktif bileşiklerinin tanımlanması ve izolasyonu için bu türler üzerinde daha fazla fitokimyasal ve biyolojik aktivite rehberli araştırma için temel araştırma verilerini sağlar. 

Proje Numarası

CUBAP-ECZ020

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ainsworth, E.A. & Gillespie, K.M. 2007. Estimation of total phenolic content and other oxidation substrates in plant tissues using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Nature Protocols, 2(4): 875-876.
  • 2. Ban, J.O., Hwang, I.G., Kim, T.M., Hwang, B.Y., Lee, U.S., Jeong, H.S., Yoon, Y.W., Kim, D.J. & Hong, J.T. 2007. Anti-Proliferate and pro-Apoptotic Effects of 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-Dihydroxy-6-Methyl-4H-Pyranone through Inactivation of NF-ΚB in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 30(11): 1455-1463.
  • 3. Barış, D., Kızıl, M., Aytekin, Ç., Kızıl, G., Yavuz, M., Çeken, B. & Ertekin, A.S. 2011. In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Three Hypericum and Three Achillea Species From Turkey. International Journal of Food Properties, 14(2): 339-355.
  • 4. Baytop, T. 1984. Therapy With Medicinal Plants in Turkey (past and Present). Istanbul University Press, Istanbul, 520 pp.
  • 5. Baytop, T. 1999. Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey Past and Present. 2nd. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, Istanbul, 480 pp.
  • 6. Blois, M.S. 1958. Antioxidant Determination by the Use of a Stable Free Radical. Nature, 181: 1199-1200.
  • 7. Boga, M., Ertas, A., Eroglu-Ozkan, E., Kizil, M., Ceken, B. & Topcu, G. 2016. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and dna protective effects of Hypericum capitatum car. capitatum extracts. South African Journal of Botany, 104: 249-257.
  • 8. Boga, M., Ersoy, E., Ozkan, E.E., Cinar, E., Kara, E.M., Canturk, Y.Y. & Zengin, G. 2021. Volatile and phenolic profiling of a traditional medicinal plant, Hypericum empetrifolium with in vitro biological activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 272: 113933
  • 9. Bounatirou, S., Smiti, S., Miguel, M.G., Faleiro, L., Rejeb, M.N., Neffati, M., Costa, M.M., Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G. & Pedro, L.G. 2007. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils isolated from Tunisian Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link. Food Chemistry, 105(1): 146-155.
  • 10. Cargnin, S.T., de Brum Vieira, P., Cibulski, S., Cassel, E., Vargas, R.M.F., Montanha, J., Roehe, P., Tasca, T. & von Poser, G.L. 2013. Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of Hypericum polyanthemum extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and isolated compounds. Parasitology International, 62(2): 112-117.
  • 11. Carta, G., Elisabetta, M., Sebastiano, B. & Claudia, M. 2017. Palmitic Acid: Physiological Role, Metabolism and Nutritional Implications. Frontiers in Physiology, 8(11): 1-14.
  • 12. Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H. & Chem, J. 2002. Estimation of Total Flavonoid Content in Propolis by Two Commplementary Colorimetric Methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3): 178-182.
  • 13. Dinis, T.C.P., Madeira, V.M.C. & Almeida, M.L.M. 1994. Action of phenolic derivates (acetoaminophen, salycilate and 5-aminosalycilate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 315(1): 161-169.
  • 14. Eloff, J.N. 1989. A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for Bacteria. Planta Medica, 64: 711-713.
  • 15. Ergin, K.N., Karakaya, S., Göger, G., Sytar, O., Demirci, B. & Duman, H. 2022. Anatomical and Phytochemical Characteristics of Different Parts of Hypericum scabrum L. Extracts, Essential Oils, and Their Antimicrobial Potential. Molecules, 27: 1228.
  • 16. Ertabaklar, H., Yaman Karadam, S., Malatyalı, E. & Ertuğ, S. 2016. Investigation of in vitro Metronidazole Resistance in the Clinical Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis. Microbiyoloji Bulteni, 50(4): 552-558.
  • 17. Eruygur, N., Atas, M, Cevik, Ö. & Tekin, M. 2017. Investigating of Phytochemicals, antioxidant, antimicrobial and proliferative properties of different extracts of Thymus spathulifolius Hausskn. and Velen. endemic medicinal plant from Sivas, Turkey. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(3): 155-166.
  • 18. Eruygur, N., Ucar, E., Akpulat, H.A., Shahsavari, K., Safavi, S.M. & Kahrizi, D. 2019. In vitro antioxidant assessment, screening of enzyme inhibitory activities of methanol and water extracts and gene expression in Hypericum lydium. Molecular Biology Reports, 46(2): 2121-2129.
  • 19. Harada, H., Yamashita, U., Kurihara, H., Fukushi, E., Kawabata, J. & Kamei, Y. 2002. Antitumor activity of palmitic acid found as a selective cytotoxic substance in a marine red alga. Anticancer research, 22(5): 2587-2590.
  • 20. Hunt, E.J., Lester, C.E., Lester, E.A. & Tackett, R.L. 2001. Effect of St. John’s Wort on free radical production. Life Sciences, 69(2): 181-190.
  • 21. Hyun, T.K., Kim, H.C. & Kim, J.S. 2014. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. Industrial Crops and Products, 52: 611-616.
  • 22. Kirkcaldy, R.D., Augostini, P., Asbel, L.E., Bernstein, K.T., Kerani, R.P., Mettenbrink, C.J., Pathela, P., Schwebke, J.R., Secor W., Workowski, K.A., Davis, D., Braxton, J. & Weinstock, H.S. 2012. Trichomonas vaginalis antimicrobial drug resistance in 6 US Cities, STD surveillance network, 2009-2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(6): 939-943.
  • 23. Kizil, G., Kizil, M., Yavuz, M., Emen, S. & Hakimoǧlu, F. 2008. Antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts of Hypericum triquetrifolium and Hypericum scabroides. Pharmaceutical Biology, 46(4): 231-242.
  • 24. Mansour, S., Djebli, N., Ozkan, E.E. & Mat, A. 2014. In vivo antiinflammatory activity and chemical composition of Hypericum scabroides. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7(1): 514-520.
  • 25. Mosmann, T. 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of Immunological Methods, 65(1-2): 55-63.
  • 26. Moravcova, A., Červinková, Z., Kučera, O., Mezera, V., Rychtrmoc, D. & Lotkova, H. 2015. The effect of oleic and palmitic acid on induction of steatosis and cytotoxicity on rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Physiological research, 64(5): 627-636.
  • 27. Oh, J.M., Choi, J.M., Lee, J.Y., Oh, S.J., Kim, H.C., Kim, B.H., Ma, J. Y. & Kim, S.K. 2012. Effects of palmitic acid on TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity in SK-Hep-1 cells. Toxicology in Vitro, 26(6): 783-790.
  • 28. Oztürk, N., Korkmaz, S. & Oztürk, Y. 2007. Wound-healing activity of St . John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) on Chicken Embryonic Fibroblasts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111(1): 33-39.
  • 29. Özen, H.C. & Bashan, M. 2003. The composition of fatty acids in Hypericum scabrum, H. scabroides and H. amblysepalum. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 27(6): 723-725.
  • 30. Radulović, N., Stankov-Jovanovic, V., Stojanovic, G., Smelceroovic, A., Spitller, M. & Asakawa Y. 2007. Screening of in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of nine Hypericum species from the Balkans. Food Chemistry, 10(1): 15-21.
  • 31. Rahman, M.M., Hossain, M.A., Siddique, S.A., Biplab, K.P. & Uddin, M.H. 2012. Antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Alocasia Macrorrhizos (L.) Rhizome Extract. Turkish Journal of Biology, 36: 574-579.
  • 32. Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M. & Rice-Evans, C. 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 26(9-10): 1231-1237.
  • 33. Schwebke, J.R. & Barrientes, F.J. 2006. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Isolates with resistance to metronidazole and tinidazole. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 50(12): 4209-4210.
  • 34. Silva, B.A., Ferreres, F., Malva, J.O. & Dias Alberto, C.P. 2005. Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum alcoholic extracts. Food Chemistry, 90(1-2): 157-167.
  • 35. Snipes, L.J., Gamard, P.M., Narcisi, E.M., Beard, C.B., Lehmann, T. & Secor, W.E. 2000. Molecular epidemiology of metronidazole resistance in a population of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38: 3004-3009.
  • 36. Süntar, I.P., Akkol, E.K., Yilmazer, D., Baykal, T., Kirmizibekmez, H., Alper, M. & Yeşilada, E. 2010. Investigations on the in vivo wound healing potential of Hypericum perforatum L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127: 468-477.
  • 37. Takara, K., Otsuka, K., Wada, K., Iwasaki, H., & Yamashita, M. 2007. 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of constituents of sugarcane molasses. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 71(1): 183-191.
  • 38. Tala, M.F., Talontsi, F.M., Zeng, G.Z., Wabo, H.K., Tan, N.H., Spiteller, M. & Tane, P. 2015. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic constituents from native Cameroonian medicinal plant Hypericum riparium. Fitoterapia, 102: 149-155.
  • 39. Taran, M., Rezaeian, M. & Izaddoost, M. 2006. In vitro antitrichomonas activity of Allium hirtifolium (Persian shallot) in comparison with metronidazole. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 35(1): 92-94.
  • 40. Toker, Z., Kizil, G., Ozen, H.C., Kizil, M. & Ertekin, S. 2006. Compositions and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of two Hypericum Species from Turkey. Fitoterapia, 77: 57-60.
  • 41. Yang, D., Li, Z., Yang, Y., Li, X. & Xiao, W. 2015. Chemical constituents from Hypericum beanii. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 7(4): 375-79.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi/Research Article
Yazarlar

Nuraniye Eruygur 0000-0002-4674-7009

Necati Özpınar 0000-0002-7317-885X

Hülya Özpınar 0000-0001-8154-0874

Mehmet Ataş 0000-0002-9425-0080

Mehmet Tekin 0000-0003-1837-7917

Ozge Cevik 0000-0002-9325-3757

Proje Numarası CUBAP-ECZ020
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ekim 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 25 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Eruygur, N., Özpınar, N., Özpınar, H., Ataş, M., vd. (2022). BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF THREE Hypericum L. SPECIES. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 23(2), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.1043241
AMA Eruygur N, Özpınar N, Özpınar H, Ataş M, Tekin M, Cevik O. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF THREE Hypericum L. SPECIES. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. Ekim 2022;23(2):125-134. doi:10.23902/trkjnat.1043241
Chicago Eruygur, Nuraniye, Necati Özpınar, Hülya Özpınar, Mehmet Ataş, Mehmet Tekin, ve Ozge Cevik. “BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF THREE Hypericum L. SPECIES”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 23, sy. 2 (Ekim 2022): 125-34. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.1043241.
EndNote Eruygur N, Özpınar N, Özpınar H, Ataş M, Tekin M, Cevik O (01 Ekim 2022) BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF THREE Hypericum L. SPECIES. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 23 2 125–134.
IEEE N. Eruygur, N. Özpınar, H. Özpınar, M. Ataş, M. Tekin, ve O. Cevik, “BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF THREE Hypericum L. SPECIES”, Trakya Univ J Nat Sci, c. 23, sy. 2, ss. 125–134, 2022, doi: 10.23902/trkjnat.1043241.
ISNAD Eruygur, Nuraniye vd. “BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF THREE Hypericum L. SPECIES”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 23/2 (Ekim 2022), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.1043241.
JAMA Eruygur N, Özpınar N, Özpınar H, Ataş M, Tekin M, Cevik O. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF THREE Hypericum L. SPECIES. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2022;23:125–134.
MLA Eruygur, Nuraniye vd. “BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF THREE Hypericum L. SPECIES”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, c. 23, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 125-34, doi:10.23902/trkjnat.1043241.
Vancouver Eruygur N, Özpınar N, Özpınar H, Ataş M, Tekin M, Cevik O. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF THREE Hypericum L. SPECIES. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2022;23(2):125-34.

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