Öz
Amaç: Empati iletişimin temel taşlarındandır. Mesle-ki olarak hastalarla sürekli birebir iletişim kurmakta olan hekimlerin bu konuda yetkinliğe ve farkındalığa sahip olması önemlidir. Böylece hasta memnuniyeti-nin artacağı, yanlış tanı ve tedavi olasılığının azalaca-ğı, hatta buna bağlı olarak hekimlerin dava edilme oranlarının azalacağı öngörülmektedir. Çalışmamızda hastanemizde çalışan araştırma görevlisi hekimlerin empati düzeyini belirlemeyi amaçladık.
Yöntem: Kesitsel desende planlanmış olan çalışma, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu onayı alınarak ger-çekleşmiştir. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesi poliklinikle-rinde aktif olarak hasta bakmakta olan, onam veren 108 araştırma görevlisi hekime araştırmacılar tarafın-dan hazırlanan sosyodemografik veri formu ile Jeffer-son Hekim Empati Ölçeği (JSPE) ve Temel Empati Ölçeği (BES) uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmamıza 51 kadın (%47.2) ve 57 erkek (%52.8) olmak üzere toplam 108 araştırma görevlisi katıldı. JSPE'ye göre katılımcıların ortalama empati skoru 81.8±9.7 (57-105) idi. Araştırma görevlilerinin cinsiyete göre JSPE toplam ve alt ölçek puan ortalama-ları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0.05). Yaş ve hekimlik süresi ile JSPE perspektif alma alt ölçeği arasında anlamlı korelasyon mevcuttu (p<0.05). Dahili branşlarda ve cerrahi branşlarda çalı-şan araştırma görevlilerinin; JSPE toplam ve alt ölçek puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p>0.05). Katılımcıların BES'e göre ortalama empati skoru 59.0±5.1 (44-74) idi. Araştırma görevlilerinin cinsiyet, yaş ve hekimlik süreleri ile; BES toplam ve alt ölçek puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0.05). Dahili branşlarda ve cerrahi branşlarda çalışan araştırma gö-revlilerinin; BES toplam ve alt ölçek puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Araştırma görevlisi hekimlerin empati düzeyle-rini belirlemek için yapmış olduğumuz çalışmamızda kullandığımız her iki ölçekle de araştırma görevlisi hekimlerin beklenen empati düzeyinde olmadıkları saptandı. Hekimler ve tıp öğrencilerinin empatik yeti-lerini geliştirmek için sağlam müdahalelerin uygulan-ması gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
empati Jefferson Hekim Empati Ölçeği Temel Empati Ölçeği araştırma görevlisi hasta memnuniyeti
Kaynakça
- Riess H. The science of empathy. J Patient Exp. 2017;4(2):74–7.
- Guttman HA, Laporte L. Empathy in families of women with borderline personality disorder, anorexia nervosa, and a control group. Fam Process. 2019;39(3):345–58.
- Beckman HB, Frankel RM. The effect of physician behavior on the collection of data. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101(5):692.
- Levinson W, Roter DL, Mullooly JP, Dull VT, Fran-kel RM. Physician-patient communication. The relati-onship with malpractice claims among primary care physicians and surgeons. J Am Med Assoc. 1997;277(7):553–9.
- Hojat M, DeSantis J, Shannon SC, et al. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy: A nationwide study of measurement properties, underlying components, latent variable structure, and national norms in medical students. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2018;23(5):899–920.
- Hojat M, Gonnella JS, Mangione S, Nasca TJ, Magee M. Physician empathy in medical education and practi-ce: experience with the Jefferson scale of physician empathy. Semin Integr Med. 2003;1(1):25–41.
- Hojat M, Gonnella JS. Eleven years of data on the jefferson scale of empathy-medical student version (JSE-S): Proxy norm data and tentative cutoff scores. Med Princ Pract. 2015;24(4):344–50.
- Gönüllü İ, Dökmeci F. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde paralel yürütülen farklı eğitim sistemle-riyle öğrenim gören dönem 5 öğrencilerinin “empati” beceri düzeyleri; ön çalıșma raporu. Ankara Üniversi-tesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2013;66(2):53–8.
- Jolliffe D, Farrington DP. Development and valida-tion of the Basic Empathy Scale. J Adolesc. 2006;29(4):589–611.
- Topcu Ç, Erdur-Baker Ö, Çapa-Aydın Y. Temel empati ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenir-lik çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 2010;4(34):174–82.
- Miller FG, Rosenstein DL. The nature and power of the placebo effect. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59(4):331–5.
- Chaitoff A, Sun B, Windover A, et al. Associations between physician empathy, physician characteristics, and standardized measures of patient experience. Acad Med. 2017;92(10):1464–71.
- Tariq N, Tayyab A, Jaffery T. Differences in em-pathy levels of medical students based on gender, year of medical school and career choice. J Coll Physicians Surg Pakistan. 2018;1;28(4):310–3.
- Biswas B, Haldar A, Dasgupta A, Mallick N, Kar-makar A. An epidemiological study on empathy and its correlates: A cross-sectional assessment among medi-cal students of a government medical college of India. Indian J Psychol Med. 2019;40(4):364–9.
- Rezayat AA, Shahini N, Asl HT, Jarahi L, Behdani F, Shojaei SRH, et al. Empathy score among medical students in Mashhad, Iran: Study of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy. Electron Physician. 2018;10(7):7101–6.
- Baez S, Flichtentrei D, Prats M, et al. Men, women. . . who cares? A population-based study on sex differen-ces and gender roles in empathy and moral cognition. PLoS One. 2017;12(6).
- Deborah A. What women and men should be, sho-uldn't be, are allowed to be, and don’t have to be: The contents of prescriptive gender stereotypes. Phys Ther. 1990;70(11):707–11.
- Nunes P, Williams S, Sa B, Stevenson K. A study of empathy decline in students from five health discipli-nes during their first year of training. Int J Med Educ. 2011;2:12–7.
- Ward J, Cody J, Schaal M, Hojat M. The empathy enigma: An empirical study of decline in empathy among undergraduate nursing students. J Prof Nurs. 2012;28(1):34–40.
- Teke AK, Cengiz E, Demir C. Hekimlerin empatik özelliklerinin ölçümü ve bu ölçümlerin demografik değişkenlere göre değişimi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2010;19(3):512–3.
- Moore PJ, Adler NE, Robertson PA. Medical malp-ractice: The effect of doctor-patient relations on medi-cal patient perceptions and malpractice intentions. West J Med. 2000;173(4):244–50.
- Painkillers cost NHS £442m, with north of Eng-land spend greatest, analysis reveals. The Pharmaceuti-cal Journal, Vol. 287, p564
- Roter DL, Stewart M, Putnam SM, Lipkin MJ, Stiles W, Inui TS. Communication patterns of primary care physicians. J Am Med Assoc. 1997;277(4):350–6.
Öz
Objectives: Empathy is one of the cornerstones of communication. It is important that physicians, who are professionally in contact with patients, have com-petence and awareness in this regard. In our study, we aimed to determine the empathy level of research assis-tant physicians working in our hospital. Thus, it is predicted that patient satisfaction will increase, the possibility of misdiagnosis and malpractice will de-crease, and even the rate of physicians' trial will de-crease accordingly. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the empathy level of the medical residents working in our hospital.
Methods: The study, which was planned in a cross-sectional design, was carried out with the approval of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medi-cine Clinical Research Ethics Committee. Sociodemo-graphic data form prepared by researchers, Jefferson Physician Empathy Scale (JSPE) and Basic Empathy Scale (BES) were applied to 108 medical residents who actively cared for patients and gave consent in Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Health Practice and Research Hospital outpatient clinics.
Results: A total of 108 medical residents, 51 females (47.2%) and 57 males (52.8%), participated in our study. According to JSPE, the mean empathy score of the participants was 81.8 ± 9.7 (57-105). There was a significant correlation between age and the duration of practice and the JSPE perspective taking subscale (p <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference for JSPE total and subscale mean scores between med-ical residents working in internal branches and surgi-cal branches (p> 0.05). The mean empathy scores of the participants according to BES were 59.0±5.1 (44-74). There was no statistically difference between gender, age and duration of practice and BES total and sub-scale mean scores (p> 0.05). There was no statistically difference for BES total and subscale mean scores between medical residents working in internal branch-es and surgical branches (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: In our study that we conducted to deter-mine the empathy levels of medical residents, it was found that medical residents did not have the expected empathy level with both scales we used. Strong inter-ventions are required to improve the empathic abilities of physicians and medical students.
Anahtar Kelimeler
empathy Jefferson Physician Empathy Scale Basic Empathy Scale medical resident patient satisfaction
Kaynakça
- Riess H. The science of empathy. J Patient Exp. 2017;4(2):74–7.
- Guttman HA, Laporte L. Empathy in families of women with borderline personality disorder, anorexia nervosa, and a control group. Fam Process. 2019;39(3):345–58.
- Beckman HB, Frankel RM. The effect of physician behavior on the collection of data. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101(5):692.
- Levinson W, Roter DL, Mullooly JP, Dull VT, Fran-kel RM. Physician-patient communication. The relati-onship with malpractice claims among primary care physicians and surgeons. J Am Med Assoc. 1997;277(7):553–9.
- Hojat M, DeSantis J, Shannon SC, et al. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy: A nationwide study of measurement properties, underlying components, latent variable structure, and national norms in medical students. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2018;23(5):899–920.
- Hojat M, Gonnella JS, Mangione S, Nasca TJ, Magee M. Physician empathy in medical education and practi-ce: experience with the Jefferson scale of physician empathy. Semin Integr Med. 2003;1(1):25–41.
- Hojat M, Gonnella JS. Eleven years of data on the jefferson scale of empathy-medical student version (JSE-S): Proxy norm data and tentative cutoff scores. Med Princ Pract. 2015;24(4):344–50.
- Gönüllü İ, Dökmeci F. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde paralel yürütülen farklı eğitim sistemle-riyle öğrenim gören dönem 5 öğrencilerinin “empati” beceri düzeyleri; ön çalıșma raporu. Ankara Üniversi-tesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2013;66(2):53–8.
- Jolliffe D, Farrington DP. Development and valida-tion of the Basic Empathy Scale. J Adolesc. 2006;29(4):589–611.
- Topcu Ç, Erdur-Baker Ö, Çapa-Aydın Y. Temel empati ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenir-lik çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 2010;4(34):174–82.
- Miller FG, Rosenstein DL. The nature and power of the placebo effect. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59(4):331–5.
- Chaitoff A, Sun B, Windover A, et al. Associations between physician empathy, physician characteristics, and standardized measures of patient experience. Acad Med. 2017;92(10):1464–71.
- Tariq N, Tayyab A, Jaffery T. Differences in em-pathy levels of medical students based on gender, year of medical school and career choice. J Coll Physicians Surg Pakistan. 2018;1;28(4):310–3.
- Biswas B, Haldar A, Dasgupta A, Mallick N, Kar-makar A. An epidemiological study on empathy and its correlates: A cross-sectional assessment among medi-cal students of a government medical college of India. Indian J Psychol Med. 2019;40(4):364–9.
- Rezayat AA, Shahini N, Asl HT, Jarahi L, Behdani F, Shojaei SRH, et al. Empathy score among medical students in Mashhad, Iran: Study of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy. Electron Physician. 2018;10(7):7101–6.
- Baez S, Flichtentrei D, Prats M, et al. Men, women. . . who cares? A population-based study on sex differen-ces and gender roles in empathy and moral cognition. PLoS One. 2017;12(6).
- Deborah A. What women and men should be, sho-uldn't be, are allowed to be, and don’t have to be: The contents of prescriptive gender stereotypes. Phys Ther. 1990;70(11):707–11.
- Nunes P, Williams S, Sa B, Stevenson K. A study of empathy decline in students from five health discipli-nes during their first year of training. Int J Med Educ. 2011;2:12–7.
- Ward J, Cody J, Schaal M, Hojat M. The empathy enigma: An empirical study of decline in empathy among undergraduate nursing students. J Prof Nurs. 2012;28(1):34–40.
- Teke AK, Cengiz E, Demir C. Hekimlerin empatik özelliklerinin ölçümü ve bu ölçümlerin demografik değişkenlere göre değişimi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2010;19(3):512–3.
- Moore PJ, Adler NE, Robertson PA. Medical malp-ractice: The effect of doctor-patient relations on medi-cal patient perceptions and malpractice intentions. West J Med. 2000;173(4):244–50.
- Painkillers cost NHS £442m, with north of Eng-land spend greatest, analysis reveals. The Pharmaceuti-cal Journal, Vol. 287, p564
- Roter DL, Stewart M, Putnam SM, Lipkin MJ, Stiles W, Inui TS. Communication patterns of primary care physicians. J Am Med Assoc. 1997;277(4):350–6.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Mart 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1 |
Kaynak Göster
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