Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 141 - 149, 31.08.2021

Öz

Teşekkür

Akademik hayatımda ve sosyal yaşantımda desteklerini esirgemeyen kıymetli büyüğüm Prof. Dr. Erkan Faruk ŞİRİN' e çok teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Aggarwal, P. The effects of brand relationship norms on consumer attitudes andbehavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 2004; 31, 87–101.
  • 2. Alpar R. Spor bilimlerinde uygulamalı istatistik. Nobel yayınları, 2006.
  • 3. Alpar R. Spor, sağlık ve eğitim bilimlerinde örneklerle uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlik-güvenirlik. Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara: 2010.
  • 4. Altunışık R, Coşkun R, Bayraktaroğlu S, Yıldırım E. Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: SPSS uygulamalı. Sakarya Yayıncılık, 2012.
  • 5. Anderson JC, Gerbing DW. The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika, 1984; 49(2), 155-173.
  • 6. Turan EB, Uğurlu A, Şakar M, Sarıkaya E. Öğrenci taraftar topluluklarının futbol fanatiklik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi: Akdeniz üniversitesi örneği. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018; 1(2), 74-80.
  • 7. Bentler, P. M. (1992). On the fit of models to covariances and methodology to the Bulletin.. Psychological bulletin, 112(3), 400.
  • 8. Bollen KA. A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological methods & research, 1989; 17(3), 303-316.
  • 9. Branscombe NR, Wann DL. Role of identification with a group, arousal, categorization processes, and self-esteem in sports spectator aggression. Human relations, 1992; 45(10), 1013-1033.
  • 10. Brislin RW. The wording and translation of research instruments. (WJ Lonner ve JW Berry, Der.), Field Methods in Educational Research, 1986; 137-164.
  • 11. Bristow DN, Sebastian RJ. Holy cow! Wait’til next year! A closer look at the brand loyalty of Chicago Cubs baseball fans. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 2001.
  • 12. Capella ME. Measuring sports fans' involvement: The fan behavior questionnaire. Southern Business Review, 2002; 27(2), 30.
  • 13. Cole DA. Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 1987; 55(4), 584.
  • 14. Cova B, Cova V. Tribal marketing: The tribalisation of society and its impact on the conduct of marketing. European journal of marketing, 2002.
  • 15. Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik spss ve lısrel uygulamaları (2. basım). Pegem yayınları, 2012; Ankara.
  • 16. Dictionary OE. What Is Equity?. and Boris Pleskovic, 2006; 69.
  • 17. Doss EL. Elvis culture: fans, faith & ımage, University Press of Kansas, 1999; Kansas.
  • 18. Dwyer B, Lecro C, Greenhalgh GP. Exploring and Measuring spectator sport fanaticism. communication & sport.2018; 6(1) 58-85.
  • 19. Dwyer B, Greenhalgh GP, LeCrom CW. Exploring fan behavior: Developing a scale to measure sport eFANgelism. Journal of Sport Management, 2015; 29(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/JSM.2014-0201.
  • 20. Erdoğan A, Öztaş M, Şirin EF. Futbol taraftarlarının seyircilik durumları ile spor takımı evangelizm (eFANgelizm) iliĢkisi üzerine ampirik bir araştırma. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2021; 10(1), 476-484.
  • 21. Fornell C, Larcker DF. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 1981; 18(1), 39-50.
  • 22. Fournier S, Yao JL. Reviving brand loyalty: a reconceptualization within the framework of consumer-brand relationships. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 1997; 14, 5, 451-72.
  • 23. Fournier S. Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 1998; 22, 343-373.
  • 24. Funk DC, James J. The psychological continuum model: A conceptual framework for understanding an individual's psychological connection to sport. Sport management review, 2001; 4(2), 119-150.
  • 25. Funk DC. (1998) Fan loyalty: The structure and stability of an ındividual’s loyalty toward an athletic team. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. columbous, Ohio state university, 1998.
  • 26. Galeano E. Gölgede ve Güneşte Futbol. İspanyolca aslından çevirenler Önalp, E., Kutlu, M.N. İstanbul: Can Yayınları, 2006.
  • 27. Hair EC, Park MJ, Ling TJ, Moore KA. Risky behaviors in late adolescence: co-occurrence, predictors, and consequences. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2009; 45, 253–261.
  • 28. Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE. Multivariate data analysis (7th Edition). Harlow: Pearson, 2014.
  • 29. Heydarinejad S, Gholami S. Identification of factors of aggression incidence among football spectators in Khuzestan. Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism, 2012; 19(1), 37-41.
  • 30. Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen M. Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 2008; 6(1), 53–60.
  • 31. Hu LT, Bentler PM. Cut‐off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 1999; 6, 1‐55.
  • 32. Huffman C, Ratneshwar S, Mick DG. Consumer goal structures and gold determination processes: An ıntegrative framework. in Ratneshwar S, Mick DG, Huffman C. The why of consumption: contemporary perspectives on consumer motives, goals, and desires, routledge, London & New York, 2000.
  • 33. Hugenberg B. Communicatively constructed stakeholder ıdenity: A critical ethnography of cleveland browns fan culture. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University, 2002.
  • 34. Hunt KA, Bristol T, Bashaw ER. A Conceptual approach to classifying sports fans. Journal of Services Marketing, 1999; vol. 13,6, 439-452.
  • 35. İlk Ç, Çavuşoğlu SÇ, Güler C. Futbol taraftarlarının fanatiklik ve lisanslı ürün satın alma düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası toplum araştırmaları dergisi, 2020; 10,16.
  • 36. James JD. Becoming a sports fan: Understanding cognitive development and socialization in the development of fan loyalty, Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1997.
  • 37. Jöreskog KG, Sörbom D. LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Scientific Software International,1993.
  • 38. Kazan B. Türkiye’de Futbol Fanatizm ve Şiddet, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2009; 103 sayfa, İstanbul.
  • 39. Kline RB. Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling, 2011.
  • 40. Kosiewicz J. Professional, spectator, and olympic sports in the context of the terms spiritualism and spirituality, and in the context of normative ethics. Physical Culture and Sport, 2015; 68(1), 43.
  • 41. Kurak K. Lise öğrencilerinin futbol fanatiklik düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Germenica Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2020; 1,1.
  • 42. Laverie DA, Arnette DB. Factors affecting fan attendance: the influence of identity Salience and Satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 2000; 32 (2),225-246.
  • 43. McAlexander JH, Schouten JW, Koenig HF. Building brand community. Journal of marketing, 2002; 66(1), 38-54.
  • 44. Mullin BJ, Hardy S, Sutton WA. Sport marketing (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2000.
  • 45. Muniz AM, O'guinn TC. Brand community. Journal of consumer research, 2001; 27(4), 412-432.
  • 46. Oliver RL. Whence consumer loyalty?. Journal of marketing, 1999; 63(4_suppl1), 33-44.
  • 47. Oxford Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.
  • 48. Pimentel RW, Reynolds KE. A model for consumer devotion: Affective commitment with proactive sustaining behaviors. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 2004; 1.
  • 49. Pooley J. The sport fan: A social psychology of misbehaviour. Calgary: CAPHER Sociology of Sport Monograph Series, 1978.
  • 50. Raney AA. (2013). Reflections on communication and sport: On enjoyment and disposition. Communication & Sport, 2013; 1, 162–175.
  • 51. Redden J, Steiner CJ. Fanatical consumers: towards a framework for research. Journal of consumer marketing, 2000.
  • 52. Rifkin G, (1999) How the red sox touch all the branding bases. Strategy and business, 1999; 17, 75-83.
  • 53. Rozanski HD, Baum AG, Wolfsen BT. Brand zealots: realizing the full value of emotional brand loyalty. Strategy business, 1999; vol. 17, pp. 51-62.
  • 54. Salkind NJ. Encyclopedia of research design, 2010; (Vol. 1). Sage.
  • 55. Shank MD, Beasley FM. Fan or Fanatic: refining measure of sports involvement’, Journal of Sports Behaviour, 1998; 21, 435-443.
  • 56. Romani S, Sadeh H, Dalli D. When the brand is bad, I'm mad! An exploration of negative emotions to brands. ACR North American Advances, 2009.
  • 57. Steiger JH. Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 2007; 42(5), 893-898.
  • 58. Sümer N. Yapisal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazilari,2000.
  • 59. Tanyeri L. (2019). Futbol taraftarı fanatiliği: Üniversite öğrencileri örneği. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 2019; 3, 2, 89-97.
  • 60. Taşmektepligil MY, Çankaya S. Tunç T. Futbol taraftarı fanatiklik ölçeği. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2015; 6(1), 41-49.
  • 61. Thompson LH. Operation of pension systems: public or private, 2004. Erişim; http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Social_Protection/chapter_06.pdf.
  • 62. Vallerand RJ, Mageau GA, Elliot A, Dumais MA, Demers M, Rousseau FL. Passion and performance attainment in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2008; 9, 373–392.
  • 63. Wann DL, Melnick MJ, Russell GW, Pease DG. Sport fans: The psychology and social impact of spectators. Routledge, 2001.
  • 64. Wann DL, Schrader MP, Adamson DR. The cognitive and somatic anxiety of sport spectators. Journal of Sport Behavior, 1998; 21(3), 322.
  • 65. Webster C. Toward the measurement of the marketing culture of a service firm. Journal of business research, 1993; 21(4), 345-362.
  • 66. Whang YO, Allen J, Sahoury N, Zhang H, (2004) Falling in love with a product: The structure of a romantic consumer- product relationship. Advances in Consumer Research, 2004; 31, 320-327.

Adaptatıon Of Sport Fanatıcısm Scale Into Turkısh

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 141 - 149, 31.08.2021

Öz

Sometimes positive and sometimes negative meanings can be attributed to fanaticism in sports. In addition to the fact that fanatics, which are very attractive for sports marketers, are valuable customers of a brand, whereas social identity, relationship, and self-esteem researchers see fanaticism as a social endorsement, they also see extreme behaviors, including violence, as socially unacceptable. This study, which was carried out due to the need for a valid and reliable measurement tool to measure sports fanaticism for these different fields of study, aims to determine the validity and reliability of the Sport Fanaticism Scale developed by Dwyer, LeCrom and Greenhalgh (2018) in Turkish conditions. The 5-point Likert type scale consisting of 12 items was applied to 528 participants who are supporters of Besiktas, Fenerbahce, Galatasaray and Trabzonspor clubs. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the four-factor structure of the scale. It was observed that the values of fit indices are at good or excellent level in all parameters (χ²/sd= 2.81); RMSEA=.058; GFI=.96; CFI=.95; IFI=.95; AGFI =.93). The results show that the 12-item scale is consistent with the original four-factor structure and is compatible with the data. For the reliability of the scale, the internal consistency coefficients of the entire scale and its sub-dimensions were checked. In addition, Cronbach's Alpha and AVE and CR values were also calculated within the scope of the internal consistency reliability of the scale and the coefficients were found to be sufficient. Test-retest reliability analysis of the scale was also performed at three-week intervals. In the light of these findings, it was concluded that the "Sports Fanaticism Scale" is a valid and reliable measurement tool that is compatible with the Turkish cultural structure.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Aggarwal, P. The effects of brand relationship norms on consumer attitudes andbehavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 2004; 31, 87–101.
  • 2. Alpar R. Spor bilimlerinde uygulamalı istatistik. Nobel yayınları, 2006.
  • 3. Alpar R. Spor, sağlık ve eğitim bilimlerinde örneklerle uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlik-güvenirlik. Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara: 2010.
  • 4. Altunışık R, Coşkun R, Bayraktaroğlu S, Yıldırım E. Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: SPSS uygulamalı. Sakarya Yayıncılık, 2012.
  • 5. Anderson JC, Gerbing DW. The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika, 1984; 49(2), 155-173.
  • 6. Turan EB, Uğurlu A, Şakar M, Sarıkaya E. Öğrenci taraftar topluluklarının futbol fanatiklik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi: Akdeniz üniversitesi örneği. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018; 1(2), 74-80.
  • 7. Bentler, P. M. (1992). On the fit of models to covariances and methodology to the Bulletin.. Psychological bulletin, 112(3), 400.
  • 8. Bollen KA. A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological methods & research, 1989; 17(3), 303-316.
  • 9. Branscombe NR, Wann DL. Role of identification with a group, arousal, categorization processes, and self-esteem in sports spectator aggression. Human relations, 1992; 45(10), 1013-1033.
  • 10. Brislin RW. The wording and translation of research instruments. (WJ Lonner ve JW Berry, Der.), Field Methods in Educational Research, 1986; 137-164.
  • 11. Bristow DN, Sebastian RJ. Holy cow! Wait’til next year! A closer look at the brand loyalty of Chicago Cubs baseball fans. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 2001.
  • 12. Capella ME. Measuring sports fans' involvement: The fan behavior questionnaire. Southern Business Review, 2002; 27(2), 30.
  • 13. Cole DA. Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 1987; 55(4), 584.
  • 14. Cova B, Cova V. Tribal marketing: The tribalisation of society and its impact on the conduct of marketing. European journal of marketing, 2002.
  • 15. Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik spss ve lısrel uygulamaları (2. basım). Pegem yayınları, 2012; Ankara.
  • 16. Dictionary OE. What Is Equity?. and Boris Pleskovic, 2006; 69.
  • 17. Doss EL. Elvis culture: fans, faith & ımage, University Press of Kansas, 1999; Kansas.
  • 18. Dwyer B, Lecro C, Greenhalgh GP. Exploring and Measuring spectator sport fanaticism. communication & sport.2018; 6(1) 58-85.
  • 19. Dwyer B, Greenhalgh GP, LeCrom CW. Exploring fan behavior: Developing a scale to measure sport eFANgelism. Journal of Sport Management, 2015; 29(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/JSM.2014-0201.
  • 20. Erdoğan A, Öztaş M, Şirin EF. Futbol taraftarlarının seyircilik durumları ile spor takımı evangelizm (eFANgelizm) iliĢkisi üzerine ampirik bir araştırma. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2021; 10(1), 476-484.
  • 21. Fornell C, Larcker DF. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 1981; 18(1), 39-50.
  • 22. Fournier S, Yao JL. Reviving brand loyalty: a reconceptualization within the framework of consumer-brand relationships. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 1997; 14, 5, 451-72.
  • 23. Fournier S. Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 1998; 22, 343-373.
  • 24. Funk DC, James J. The psychological continuum model: A conceptual framework for understanding an individual's psychological connection to sport. Sport management review, 2001; 4(2), 119-150.
  • 25. Funk DC. (1998) Fan loyalty: The structure and stability of an ındividual’s loyalty toward an athletic team. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. columbous, Ohio state university, 1998.
  • 26. Galeano E. Gölgede ve Güneşte Futbol. İspanyolca aslından çevirenler Önalp, E., Kutlu, M.N. İstanbul: Can Yayınları, 2006.
  • 27. Hair EC, Park MJ, Ling TJ, Moore KA. Risky behaviors in late adolescence: co-occurrence, predictors, and consequences. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2009; 45, 253–261.
  • 28. Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE. Multivariate data analysis (7th Edition). Harlow: Pearson, 2014.
  • 29. Heydarinejad S, Gholami S. Identification of factors of aggression incidence among football spectators in Khuzestan. Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism, 2012; 19(1), 37-41.
  • 30. Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen M. Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 2008; 6(1), 53–60.
  • 31. Hu LT, Bentler PM. Cut‐off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 1999; 6, 1‐55.
  • 32. Huffman C, Ratneshwar S, Mick DG. Consumer goal structures and gold determination processes: An ıntegrative framework. in Ratneshwar S, Mick DG, Huffman C. The why of consumption: contemporary perspectives on consumer motives, goals, and desires, routledge, London & New York, 2000.
  • 33. Hugenberg B. Communicatively constructed stakeholder ıdenity: A critical ethnography of cleveland browns fan culture. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University, 2002.
  • 34. Hunt KA, Bristol T, Bashaw ER. A Conceptual approach to classifying sports fans. Journal of Services Marketing, 1999; vol. 13,6, 439-452.
  • 35. İlk Ç, Çavuşoğlu SÇ, Güler C. Futbol taraftarlarının fanatiklik ve lisanslı ürün satın alma düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası toplum araştırmaları dergisi, 2020; 10,16.
  • 36. James JD. Becoming a sports fan: Understanding cognitive development and socialization in the development of fan loyalty, Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1997.
  • 37. Jöreskog KG, Sörbom D. LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Scientific Software International,1993.
  • 38. Kazan B. Türkiye’de Futbol Fanatizm ve Şiddet, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2009; 103 sayfa, İstanbul.
  • 39. Kline RB. Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling, 2011.
  • 40. Kosiewicz J. Professional, spectator, and olympic sports in the context of the terms spiritualism and spirituality, and in the context of normative ethics. Physical Culture and Sport, 2015; 68(1), 43.
  • 41. Kurak K. Lise öğrencilerinin futbol fanatiklik düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Germenica Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2020; 1,1.
  • 42. Laverie DA, Arnette DB. Factors affecting fan attendance: the influence of identity Salience and Satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 2000; 32 (2),225-246.
  • 43. McAlexander JH, Schouten JW, Koenig HF. Building brand community. Journal of marketing, 2002; 66(1), 38-54.
  • 44. Mullin BJ, Hardy S, Sutton WA. Sport marketing (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2000.
  • 45. Muniz AM, O'guinn TC. Brand community. Journal of consumer research, 2001; 27(4), 412-432.
  • 46. Oliver RL. Whence consumer loyalty?. Journal of marketing, 1999; 63(4_suppl1), 33-44.
  • 47. Oxford Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.
  • 48. Pimentel RW, Reynolds KE. A model for consumer devotion: Affective commitment with proactive sustaining behaviors. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 2004; 1.
  • 49. Pooley J. The sport fan: A social psychology of misbehaviour. Calgary: CAPHER Sociology of Sport Monograph Series, 1978.
  • 50. Raney AA. (2013). Reflections on communication and sport: On enjoyment and disposition. Communication & Sport, 2013; 1, 162–175.
  • 51. Redden J, Steiner CJ. Fanatical consumers: towards a framework for research. Journal of consumer marketing, 2000.
  • 52. Rifkin G, (1999) How the red sox touch all the branding bases. Strategy and business, 1999; 17, 75-83.
  • 53. Rozanski HD, Baum AG, Wolfsen BT. Brand zealots: realizing the full value of emotional brand loyalty. Strategy business, 1999; vol. 17, pp. 51-62.
  • 54. Salkind NJ. Encyclopedia of research design, 2010; (Vol. 1). Sage.
  • 55. Shank MD, Beasley FM. Fan or Fanatic: refining measure of sports involvement’, Journal of Sports Behaviour, 1998; 21, 435-443.
  • 56. Romani S, Sadeh H, Dalli D. When the brand is bad, I'm mad! An exploration of negative emotions to brands. ACR North American Advances, 2009.
  • 57. Steiger JH. Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 2007; 42(5), 893-898.
  • 58. Sümer N. Yapisal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazilari,2000.
  • 59. Tanyeri L. (2019). Futbol taraftarı fanatiliği: Üniversite öğrencileri örneği. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 2019; 3, 2, 89-97.
  • 60. Taşmektepligil MY, Çankaya S. Tunç T. Futbol taraftarı fanatiklik ölçeği. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2015; 6(1), 41-49.
  • 61. Thompson LH. Operation of pension systems: public or private, 2004. Erişim; http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Social_Protection/chapter_06.pdf.
  • 62. Vallerand RJ, Mageau GA, Elliot A, Dumais MA, Demers M, Rousseau FL. Passion and performance attainment in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2008; 9, 373–392.
  • 63. Wann DL, Melnick MJ, Russell GW, Pease DG. Sport fans: The psychology and social impact of spectators. Routledge, 2001.
  • 64. Wann DL, Schrader MP, Adamson DR. The cognitive and somatic anxiety of sport spectators. Journal of Sport Behavior, 1998; 21(3), 322.
  • 65. Webster C. Toward the measurement of the marketing culture of a service firm. Journal of business research, 1993; 21(4), 345-362.
  • 66. Whang YO, Allen J, Sahoury N, Zhang H, (2004) Falling in love with a product: The structure of a romantic consumer- product relationship. Advances in Consumer Research, 2004; 31, 320-327.
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makeleler
Yazarlar

Ali Erdoğan 0000-0001-8306-5683

Erkan Faruk Şirin 0000-0002-6837-7758

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2021
Kabul Tarihi 24 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdoğan, A., & Şirin, E. F. (2021). Adaptatıon Of Sport Fanatıcısm Scale Into Turkısh. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 23(2), 141-149.
AMA Erdoğan A, Şirin EF. Adaptatıon Of Sport Fanatıcısm Scale Into Turkısh. Turk J Sport Exe. Ağustos 2021;23(2):141-149.
Chicago Erdoğan, Ali, ve Erkan Faruk Şirin. “Adaptatıon Of Sport Fanatıcısm Scale Into Turkısh”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 23, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2021): 141-49.
EndNote Erdoğan A, Şirin EF (01 Ağustos 2021) Adaptatıon Of Sport Fanatıcısm Scale Into Turkısh. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 23 2 141–149.
IEEE A. Erdoğan ve E. F. Şirin, “Adaptatıon Of Sport Fanatıcısm Scale Into Turkısh”, Turk J Sport Exe, c. 23, sy. 2, ss. 141–149, 2021.
ISNAD Erdoğan, Ali - Şirin, Erkan Faruk. “Adaptatıon Of Sport Fanatıcısm Scale Into Turkısh”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 23/2 (Ağustos 2021), 141-149.
JAMA Erdoğan A, Şirin EF. Adaptatıon Of Sport Fanatıcısm Scale Into Turkısh. Turk J Sport Exe. 2021;23:141–149.
MLA Erdoğan, Ali ve Erkan Faruk Şirin. “Adaptatıon Of Sport Fanatıcısm Scale Into Turkısh”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, c. 23, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 141-9.
Vancouver Erdoğan A, Şirin EF. Adaptatıon Of Sport Fanatıcısm Scale Into Turkısh. Turk J Sport Exe. 2021;23(2):141-9.
Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi (TJSE) Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.