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Social Work and Mindfulness Practices

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 2, 643 - 659, 30.04.2021

Navid R. Hosseinzadeh Asl Kübra Dölek Sunay İl

https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.807494

Öz

Many studies have shown that mindfulness practices are effective and evidence-based practices. For this reason, various disciplines have been recently showing great interest in such practices, therefore, trying to integrate and use them into their training. However, in social work, particularly in developing countries such as Turkey, these practices are not known enough, and consequently, there is a lack of interest. In this article, first, mindfulness and how it is applied was briefly reviewed, and then the use of mindfulness and its possible contributions to social work are discussed. In general, it has been suggested that mindfulness can contribute to three areas in social work. These areas have been defined as "an effective approach to working with clients," "psychological self-care practice," and "strengthening rapport between the social worker and client." Various studies support the positive contributions of mindfulness to these three areas. Therefore, it is recommended by several researchers and academics to integrate mindfulness practices into the social work curriculum. In Turkey, there have been found almost no study investigated these practices and their benefits in social work. Thus, considering the various benefits and advantages of mindfulness practices, more research and integration studies are recommended.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mindfulness social work self-care rapport

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, R. A., Whear, R., Rodgers, L. R., Bethel, A., Thompson Coon, J., Kuyken, W., . . . Dickens, C. (2014). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness based cognitive therapy in vascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Psychosom Res, 76(5), 341-351. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.02.012
  • Adams, R. E., Boscarino, J. A., & Figley, C. R. (2006). Compassion Fatigue and Psychological Distress Among Social Workers: A Validation Study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(1), 103-108. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.1.103
  • Birnbaum, L., & Birnbaum, A. (2008). Mindful Social Work: From Theory to Practice. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 27(1-2), 87-104. doi:10.1080/15426430802113913
  • Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., . . . Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A Proposed Operational Definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230-241. doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph077
  • Bonifas, R. P., & Napoli, M. (2014). Mindfully Increasing Quality of Life: A Promising Curriculum for MSW Students. Social Work Education, 33(4), 469-484. doi:10.1080/02615479.2013.838215
  • Botta, A. A., Cadet, T. J., & Maramaldi, P. (2015). Reflections on a Quantitative, Group-Based Mindfulness Study with Social Work Students. Social Work with Groups, 38(2), 93-105. doi:10.1080/01609513.2014.975885
  • Bride, B. E. (2007). Prevalence of Secondary Traumatic Stress among Social Workers. Social Work, 52(1), 63-70. doi:10.1093/sw/52.1.63 Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31(1), 23-33. doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7
  • Crowder, R. (2016). Mindfulness based feminist therapy: The intermingling edges of self-compassion and social justice. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 35(1-2), 24-40. doi:10.1080/15426432.2015.1080605
  • Decker, J. T., Brown, J. L. C., Ashley, W., & Lipscomb, A. E. (2019). Mindfulness, meditation, and breathing exercises: reduced anxiety for clients and self-care for social work interns. Social Work with Groups, 1-15. doi:10.1080/01609513.2019.1571763
  • Gockel, A., Cain, T., Malove, S., & James, S. (2013). Mindfulness as Clinical Training: Student Perspectives on the Utility of Mindfulness Training in Fostering Clinical Intervention Skills. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 32(1), 36-59. doi:10.1080/15426432.2013.749146
  • Gockel, A., & Deng, X. (2016). Mindfulness training as social work pedagogy: Exploring benefits, challenges, and issues for consideration in integrating mindfulness into social work education. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 35(3), 222-244. doi:10.1080/15426432.2016.1187106
  • Grise-Owens, E., Miller, J., & Eaves, M. (2016). The A-to-Z self-care handbook for social workers and other helping professionals. Harrisburg, PA: The New Social Worker Press.
  • Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2009). Acceptance and commitment therapy: American Psychological Association Washington, DC.
  • Herwig, U., Kaffenberger, T., Jäncke, L., & Brühl, A. B. (2010). Self-related awareness and emotion regulation. NeuroImage, 50(2), 734-741. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.089
  • Hick, S. F., Bien, T., & Segal, Z. V. (2010). Mindfulness and the Therapeutic Relationship: Guilford Publications.
  • Hick, S. F., & Furlotte, C. (2010). An Exploratory Study of Radical Mindfulness Training with Severely Economically Disadvantaged People: Findings of a Canadian Study. Australian Social Work, 63(3), 281-298. doi:10.1080/0312407X.2010.496865
  • Hosseinzadeh Asl, N., & Barahmand, U. (2014). Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Co-Morbid Depression in Drug-Dependent Males. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 28(5), 314-318. doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2014.05.003
  • Hosseinzadeh Asl, N., & Hosseinalipour, F. (2014). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention for health-related quality of life in drug-dependent males. Iranian Red Crescent medical journal, 16(9), e12608-e12608. doi:10.5812/ircmj.12608
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4(1), 33-47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Wherever you go, there you are : mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion.
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2013). Full catastrophe living : using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness (Revised and updated edition. ed.). New York: Bantam Books trade paperback.
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2016). ‘This is not McMindfulness’. In E. Shonin (Ed.), (pp. 124-125): The Psychologist.
  • Khoury, B., Knäuper, B., Schlosser, M., Carrière, K., & Chiesa, A. (2017). Effectiveness of traditional meditation retreats: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 92, 16-25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.11.006
  • Khoury, B., Sharma, M., Rush, S. E., & Fournier, C. (2015). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res, 78(6), 519-528. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.009
  • Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind. Science, 330(6006), 932-932. doi:10.1126/science.1192439
  • Lambert, M. J., & Barley, D. E. (2001). Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 357-361. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.357
  • Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Lloyd, C., King, R., & Chenoweth, L. (2002). Social work, stress and burnout: A review. Journal of Mental Health, 11(3), 255-265. doi:10.1080/09638230020023642
  • Lutz, J., Herwig, U., Opialla, S., Hittmeyer, A., Jäncke, L., Rufer, M., . . . Brühl, A. B. (2013). Mindfulness and emotion regulation—an fMRI study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(6), 776-785. doi:10.1093/scan/nst043
  • Lynn, R. (2010). Mindfulness in Social Work Education. Social Work Education, 29(3), 289-304. doi:10.1080/02615470902930351
  • Mänttäri-van der Kuip, M. (2016). Moral distress among social workers: The role of insufficient resources. International Journal of Social Welfare, 25(1), 86-97. doi:10.1111/ijsw.12163
  • McGarrigle, T., & Walsh, C. A. (2011). Mindfulness, Self-Care, and Wellness in Social Work: Effects of Contemplative Training. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 30(3), 212-233. doi:10.1080/15426432.2011.587384
  • Morgan, W. D., & Morgan, S. T. (2005). Cultivating attention and empathy. Mindfulness and psychotherapy, 73-90.
  • National Association of Social Workers. (2015). Social work speaks : National Association of Social Workers policy statements, 2015-2017 (pp. xiv, 377 pages). Retrieved from http://cantasd.org/wp-content/uploads/CWVE18_NASW.ProfessionalSelf-Care.pdf
  • National Association of Social Workers. (2017). NASW code of ethics. Retrieved from https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English
  • Öksüz, S. (2018). Use of mindfulness in social work practice: A study of mindfulness among university students. (Doktora Tezi), İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Pooler, D. K. (2008). Social Workers and Distress: Implications for Sustaining a Healthy Workforce. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 23(4), 445-466. doi:10.1080/15555240802540137
  • Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2013). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression (2nd ed. ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Shapiro, S., Thakur, S., & de Sousa, S. (2014). Chapter 14 - Mindfulness for Health Care Professionals and Therapists in Training. In R. A. Baer (Ed.), Mindfulness-Based Treatment Approaches (Second Edition) (pp. 319-345). San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Tan, S. Y., & Keng, S.-L. (2019). Application of Mindfulness-Based Approaches in the Context of Social Work. In R. Ow & A. W. C. Poon (Eds.), Mental Health and Social Work (pp. 1-19). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
  • Tobin, P. J., & Carson, J. (1994). Stress and the student social worker. Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 5(3), 246-255.
  • Trousselard, M., Steiler, D., Claverie, D., & Canini, F. (2014). The history of mindfulness put to the test of current scientific data: Unresolved questions. Encephale, 40(6), 474-480.
  • Trowbridge, K., & Mische Lawson, L. (2016). Mindfulness-based interventions with social workers and the potential for enhanced patient-centered care: A systematic review of the literature. Social Work in Health Care, 55(2), 101-124. doi:10.1080/00981389.2015.1094165
  • Zainal, N. Z., Booth, S., & Huppert, F. A. (2013). The efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction on mental health of breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Psychooncology, 22(7), 1457-1465. doi:10.1002/pon.3171

Sosyal Hizmet ve Bilinçli Farkındalık Uygulamaları

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 2, 643 - 659, 30.04.2021

Navid R. Hosseinzadeh Asl Kübra Dölek Sunay İl

https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.807494

Öz

Bilinçli farkındalık uygulamalarının etkili ve kanıta dayalı olduğu pek çok araştırma tarafından ortaya konulmuştur ve bu nedenle son zamanlarda çeşitli disiplinler bilinçli farkındalık uygulamalarına yoğun ilgi gösterip bu uygulamaları kendi disiplinlerine entegre ederek kullanmaktadır. Ancak sosyal hizmet disiplininde ve özellikle Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde bu uygulamalar henüz yeterince tanınmamakta ve dolayısıyla ilgi görmemektedir. Bu makalede, önce bilinçli farkındalık ve bilinçli farkındalığın nasıl uygulandığı kısaca gözden geçirilmiş ve daha sonra bilinçli farkındalığın sosyal hizmette kullanım şekli ve sağlayabileceği katkılar tartışılmıştır. Genel olarak bilinçli farkındalığın sosyal hizmet disiplininde üç alan için katkı sağlayabileceği öne sürülmüştür. Bu alanlar, “müracaatçılarla çalışmada etkili bir yaklaşım,” “psikolojik öz-bakım uygulaması” ve “uzman-müracaatçı ilişkisini güçlendirme” olarak tanımlanmıştır. Çeşitli araştırmalar, bilinçli farkındalığın bu üç alana sunduğu olumlu katkıları destekler niteliktedir. Dolayısıyla bilinçli farkındalık uygulamalarının sosyal hizmet müfredatına entegre edilmesi pek çok araştırmacı ve akademisyen tarafından önerilmektedir. Türkiye’de ise sosyal hizmet alanında bu uygulamaları ve muhtemel katkılarını konu alan araştırmalar yok denilebilecek kadar az sayıdadır. Sonuç olarak, bilinçli farkındalık uygulamalarının çeşitli faydaları ve avantajlı yönleri göz önünde bulundurularak, bu konuda daha çok araştırma ve entegrasyon çalışmaları yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilinçli farkındalık sosyal hizmet öz-bakım uzman-müracaatçı ilişkisi

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, R. A., Whear, R., Rodgers, L. R., Bethel, A., Thompson Coon, J., Kuyken, W., . . . Dickens, C. (2014). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness based cognitive therapy in vascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Psychosom Res, 76(5), 341-351. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.02.012
  • Adams, R. E., Boscarino, J. A., & Figley, C. R. (2006). Compassion Fatigue and Psychological Distress Among Social Workers: A Validation Study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(1), 103-108. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.1.103
  • Birnbaum, L., & Birnbaum, A. (2008). Mindful Social Work: From Theory to Practice. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 27(1-2), 87-104. doi:10.1080/15426430802113913
  • Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., . . . Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A Proposed Operational Definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230-241. doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph077
  • Bonifas, R. P., & Napoli, M. (2014). Mindfully Increasing Quality of Life: A Promising Curriculum for MSW Students. Social Work Education, 33(4), 469-484. doi:10.1080/02615479.2013.838215
  • Botta, A. A., Cadet, T. J., & Maramaldi, P. (2015). Reflections on a Quantitative, Group-Based Mindfulness Study with Social Work Students. Social Work with Groups, 38(2), 93-105. doi:10.1080/01609513.2014.975885
  • Bride, B. E. (2007). Prevalence of Secondary Traumatic Stress among Social Workers. Social Work, 52(1), 63-70. doi:10.1093/sw/52.1.63 Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31(1), 23-33. doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7
  • Crowder, R. (2016). Mindfulness based feminist therapy: The intermingling edges of self-compassion and social justice. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 35(1-2), 24-40. doi:10.1080/15426432.2015.1080605
  • Decker, J. T., Brown, J. L. C., Ashley, W., & Lipscomb, A. E. (2019). Mindfulness, meditation, and breathing exercises: reduced anxiety for clients and self-care for social work interns. Social Work with Groups, 1-15. doi:10.1080/01609513.2019.1571763
  • Gockel, A., Cain, T., Malove, S., & James, S. (2013). Mindfulness as Clinical Training: Student Perspectives on the Utility of Mindfulness Training in Fostering Clinical Intervention Skills. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 32(1), 36-59. doi:10.1080/15426432.2013.749146
  • Gockel, A., & Deng, X. (2016). Mindfulness training as social work pedagogy: Exploring benefits, challenges, and issues for consideration in integrating mindfulness into social work education. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 35(3), 222-244. doi:10.1080/15426432.2016.1187106
  • Grise-Owens, E., Miller, J., & Eaves, M. (2016). The A-to-Z self-care handbook for social workers and other helping professionals. Harrisburg, PA: The New Social Worker Press.
  • Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2009). Acceptance and commitment therapy: American Psychological Association Washington, DC.
  • Herwig, U., Kaffenberger, T., Jäncke, L., & Brühl, A. B. (2010). Self-related awareness and emotion regulation. NeuroImage, 50(2), 734-741. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.089
  • Hick, S. F., Bien, T., & Segal, Z. V. (2010). Mindfulness and the Therapeutic Relationship: Guilford Publications.
  • Hick, S. F., & Furlotte, C. (2010). An Exploratory Study of Radical Mindfulness Training with Severely Economically Disadvantaged People: Findings of a Canadian Study. Australian Social Work, 63(3), 281-298. doi:10.1080/0312407X.2010.496865
  • Hosseinzadeh Asl, N., & Barahmand, U. (2014). Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Co-Morbid Depression in Drug-Dependent Males. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 28(5), 314-318. doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2014.05.003
  • Hosseinzadeh Asl, N., & Hosseinalipour, F. (2014). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention for health-related quality of life in drug-dependent males. Iranian Red Crescent medical journal, 16(9), e12608-e12608. doi:10.5812/ircmj.12608
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4(1), 33-47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Wherever you go, there you are : mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion.
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2013). Full catastrophe living : using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness (Revised and updated edition. ed.). New York: Bantam Books trade paperback.
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2016). ‘This is not McMindfulness’. In E. Shonin (Ed.), (pp. 124-125): The Psychologist.
  • Khoury, B., Knäuper, B., Schlosser, M., Carrière, K., & Chiesa, A. (2017). Effectiveness of traditional meditation retreats: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 92, 16-25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.11.006
  • Khoury, B., Sharma, M., Rush, S. E., & Fournier, C. (2015). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res, 78(6), 519-528. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.009
  • Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind. Science, 330(6006), 932-932. doi:10.1126/science.1192439
  • Lambert, M. J., & Barley, D. E. (2001). Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 357-361. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.357
  • Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Lloyd, C., King, R., & Chenoweth, L. (2002). Social work, stress and burnout: A review. Journal of Mental Health, 11(3), 255-265. doi:10.1080/09638230020023642
  • Lutz, J., Herwig, U., Opialla, S., Hittmeyer, A., Jäncke, L., Rufer, M., . . . Brühl, A. B. (2013). Mindfulness and emotion regulation—an fMRI study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(6), 776-785. doi:10.1093/scan/nst043
  • Lynn, R. (2010). Mindfulness in Social Work Education. Social Work Education, 29(3), 289-304. doi:10.1080/02615470902930351
  • Mänttäri-van der Kuip, M. (2016). Moral distress among social workers: The role of insufficient resources. International Journal of Social Welfare, 25(1), 86-97. doi:10.1111/ijsw.12163
  • McGarrigle, T., & Walsh, C. A. (2011). Mindfulness, Self-Care, and Wellness in Social Work: Effects of Contemplative Training. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 30(3), 212-233. doi:10.1080/15426432.2011.587384
  • Morgan, W. D., & Morgan, S. T. (2005). Cultivating attention and empathy. Mindfulness and psychotherapy, 73-90.
  • National Association of Social Workers. (2015). Social work speaks : National Association of Social Workers policy statements, 2015-2017 (pp. xiv, 377 pages). Retrieved from http://cantasd.org/wp-content/uploads/CWVE18_NASW.ProfessionalSelf-Care.pdf
  • National Association of Social Workers. (2017). NASW code of ethics. Retrieved from https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English
  • Öksüz, S. (2018). Use of mindfulness in social work practice: A study of mindfulness among university students. (Doktora Tezi), İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Pooler, D. K. (2008). Social Workers and Distress: Implications for Sustaining a Healthy Workforce. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 23(4), 445-466. doi:10.1080/15555240802540137
  • Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2013). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression (2nd ed. ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Shapiro, S., Thakur, S., & de Sousa, S. (2014). Chapter 14 - Mindfulness for Health Care Professionals and Therapists in Training. In R. A. Baer (Ed.), Mindfulness-Based Treatment Approaches (Second Edition) (pp. 319-345). San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Tan, S. Y., & Keng, S.-L. (2019). Application of Mindfulness-Based Approaches in the Context of Social Work. In R. Ow & A. W. C. Poon (Eds.), Mental Health and Social Work (pp. 1-19). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
  • Tobin, P. J., & Carson, J. (1994). Stress and the student social worker. Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 5(3), 246-255.
  • Trousselard, M., Steiler, D., Claverie, D., & Canini, F. (2014). The history of mindfulness put to the test of current scientific data: Unresolved questions. Encephale, 40(6), 474-480.
  • Trowbridge, K., & Mische Lawson, L. (2016). Mindfulness-based interventions with social workers and the potential for enhanced patient-centered care: A systematic review of the literature. Social Work in Health Care, 55(2), 101-124. doi:10.1080/00981389.2015.1094165
  • Zainal, N. Z., Booth, S., & Huppert, F. A. (2013). The efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction on mental health of breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Psychooncology, 22(7), 1457-1465. doi:10.1002/pon.3171
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Navid R. Hosseinzadeh Asl 0000-0003-4469-0632

Kübra Dölek Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7193-8686

Sunay İl 0000-0002-6034-5794

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Hosseinzadeh Asl, N. R., Dölek, K., & İl, S. (2021). Sosyal Hizmet ve Bilinçli Farkındalık Uygulamaları. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 32(2), 643-659. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.807494