Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışma, Tip 2 Diyabet yönetimini kolaylaştırma ve geliştirmede önemli olan bakım verenlerin bilgi ve farkındalık düzeyini
belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, 01.05.2018-31.10.2018 tarihleri arasında Sağlık Bakanlığı’na bağlı
sağlık hizmeti veren bir Devlet Hastane’sinin Dahiliye, Nöroloji, Kardiyoloji, Göğüs, Ortopedi Servislerinde tedavi görmekte olan Tip 2
Diyabet hastalarına bakım veren dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan ve çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü 450 bireyle yürütülmüştür. Verilerin
toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen bakım verenlerin diyabete ilişkin bilgi durumu formu ve bakım verenlerin diyabete
ilişkin semptom ve öz yönetim uygulamaları farkındalık durumu formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı
istatistiksel metotları (sayı, yüzde) kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Bakım verenlerin diyabete ilişkin bilgi düzeyi oranları; diyabet risk faktörleri %16, diyabetin semptomları %16.3, diyabetin
tanı yöntemleri %31.4, diyabetin komplikasyonları %28, diyabetin tedavi yöntemleri %13.1, diyabetten korunma yolları %30.6, diyabette
yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri %20.7 ve diyabette yapılması gereken rutin kontrol bilgisi %19.3’dür. Bakım verenlerin diyabete ilişkin
semptom ve öz yönetim farkındalık durumların ilişkin; semptom farkındalık durumunda sık idrara çıkma durumu (%67.1), genel
bitkinlik, tükenmişlik durumu (%63.3), çok fazla sıvı içme isteği (%59.3), yemek öncesi sinirlilik, çabuk sinirlenme durumu (%50.2)
ve kilo verme durumu (%40.4) ilk sıralarda olduğu saptanmıştır. Bakım verenlerin diyabette öz yönetim farkındalık düzeyinde ilk üç
sırada; hastasının ilaçlarını düzenli kullanması (%65.6), hastasının evde kan şekeri bakması (%38.7) ve hastasının düzenli olarak kan
değerlerini kontrol ettirmesidir (%22.9).
Sonuç: Bakım verenlerin hastalığa ilişkin bilgi durumları ile bakım verenlerin diyabete ilişkin semptom ve öz yönetim uygulamaları
farkındalıkları oldukça düşük düzeydedir. Hastalığın tanı, tedavi, korunma, izlem gibi süreçlerin iyileştirilmesinde temel olan
farkındalığın ve bilgi düzeyinin artması için diyabetli birey-bakım verenin birlikte yer aldığı eğitim planlamalarının geliştirilmesi ve öz
yönetimde güçlük yaşadıkları konulara daha fazla odaklanılması önerilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Destekleyen kurum yoktur.
Kaynakça
- Referans1 Kalaça S. Türkiye Kronik Hastalıklar ve Risk Faktörleri Sıklığı Çalışması. Ankara, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, 2013.
- Referans2 Pamungkas RA, Chamroonsawasdi K, Vatanasomboon P. A systematic review: family support integrated with diabetes self-Management among uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus patients. Behav Sci (Basel). 2017;15;7(3).
- Referans3 Chen Q, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhao D, Cai Y. Exploring effects of self-management on glycemic controlusing a modified information-motivation-behavioral skills model in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Shanghai, China: A cross-sectional study. J. Diabets. 2018;10(9):734-743.
- Referans4 Crangle CA, Bradley C, Carlin PF, Esterhay RJ, Harper R, Kearney PM et al. Exploring patient information needs in type 2 diabetes: A cross sectional study of questions. PloS One. 2018; 13(11).
- Referans5 Davies AK, McGale N, Humphries SE, Hirani SP, Beaney KE, Bappa DA et al. Effectiveness of a self-management intervention with personalised genetic and lifestyle-related risk information on coronary heart disease and diabetes-related risk in type 2 diabetes (CoRDia): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2015;16:547.
- Referans6 Reifegerste D, Hartleib S. Hypoglycemia-related in formation seeking among in formal caregivers of type 2 diabetes patients: Implications for health education. Journal of Clinical&Translational Endocrinology, 2016;4: 7–12.
- Referans7 Kabat-Zinn J. Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2003;10(2):144-156.
- Referans8 Özer Y. Farkında Mıyız? (Bilişsel Farkındalık İle Psikolojik İyi Oluşun İçrelleşmesi). Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 2017;7: 167-189.
- Referans9 Gunn KL, Seers K, Posner N, Coates V. Somebody there to watch over you': the role of the family in everyday and emergency diabetes care. Health Soc Care Community. 2012;20(6):591-8.
- Referans10 Sofulu F. Tip 2 Diyabette Aile Desteği Ve Çatışma Ölçeği’nin Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İzmir, İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi, 2015.
- Referans11 Meriç M. Diyabetli Bireyin Mücadelesi: Gözden Kaçan Psikososyal Boyut. Türkiye Klinikleri J Psychiatr Nurs-Special Topics. 2017;3(1).
- Referans12 Ofori SN, Unachukwu CN. Holistik approach to prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a family setting. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2014;7:159-68.
- Referans13 Aikens JE, Zivin K, Trivedi R, Piette JD. (2014). Diabetes self-management support using mHealth and enhanced informal caregiving. Journal of Diabetes Complications. 2014;28(2):171–6.
- Referans14 Baykal D, Orak E. Tip 2 Diyabetik Hastaların Glisemi Kontrollerinde Aile Desteğinin Araştırılması. IGUSABDER. 2018;4: 361-382.
- Referans15 Gomes LC, Coelho ACM, Gomides DDS, Foss-Freitas MC, Foss MC, Pace AE. Contribution of family social support to the metabolic control of people with diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Applied Nursing Research. 2017;36:68–76.
- Referans16 Adisa R, Olajide OO, Fakeye TO. Social support, treatment adherence and outcome among hypertensive and type 2 diabetes patients in ambulatory care setting in southwestern Nigeria. Ghana Med J. 2017;51(2):64-77.
- Referans17 Diabetes Care. 5. Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. 2018;41:51-54.
- Referans18 Liu M., Wang J., He Y., Jiang B., Wu L. Wang Y et al. Awareness, treatment and control of type 2 diabetes among Chinese elderly and its changing trend for past decade. BMC PublicHealth. 2016; 16;278.
- Referans19 Baig AA, Benitez A, Quinn MT, Burnet DL. Family interventions to improve diabetes out comes for adults. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1353;89-112.
- Referans20 Johansson K, Österberg SA, Leksell J, Berglund M. Patients’ experiences of support for learning to live with diabetes to promote health and well-being: A life World phenomenological study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2016;11:31330.
- Referans21 Shilubane HN, Potgieter E. Patients’ and family members’ knowledge and views regarding diabetes mellitus and its treatment. Curationis. 2007;30(2):58-65.
- Referans22 Bennich BB, Roder ME, Overgaard D, Egerod I, Munch L, Knop FK et al. Supportive and non-supportive interactions in families with a type 2 diabetes patient: an integrative review. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2017;9:57.
- Referans23 Hu J, Wallace DC, McCoy TP, Amirehsani KA. A family-based diabetes intervention for Hispanic adults and their family members. Diabetes Educ. 2014;40(1):48-59.
- Referans24 Mayberry LS, Osborn CY. Familysupport, medication adherence, and glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(6):1239–1245.
- Referans25 Rosland AM, Piette JD, Trivedi R, Kerr EA, Stoll S, Tremblay A et al. Engaging family supporters of adult patients with diabetes to improve clinical and patient-centered outcomes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018;19(1):394.
- Referans26 Wolff JL, Roter DL. Family presence in routine medical visits: a meta-analytical review. Soc Sci Med. 2011;72(6):823-31.
- Referans27 Yılmaz DU, Sarı D. Kronik hastalığı olan hastalara bakım veren yakınlarının uyku kalitesi ve yorgunluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi, Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi; 2017;20:2.
- Referans28 Ataca HU, Akbaş F, Şak T, Şak DU, Acar Ş, Niyazoğlu M. Diyabetik Hastalarda Hastalık Bilinç Düzeyi ve Farkındalık. İstanbul Med J. 2015;16:101-4.
- Referans29 Lawton J, Rankin D, Elliott J, Heller SR, Rogers HA, De Zoysa N et al. Experiences, views and support needs of family members of people with hipoglycemia unawareness: interview study. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(1):109-15.
- Referans30 Pereira MG, Pedras S, Ferreira G, Machado JC. Family and couple variables regarding adherence in type 2 diabetes patients in the initial stages of the disease. J Marital Fam Ther. 2017; 45(1): 134-148.
- Referans31 Wen LK, Parchman ML, Shepherd MD. Family support and diet barriers among older Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes. Fam Med. 2004;36(6):423-30.
- Referans32 Choi SE. Diet-specific family support and glucose control among Korean immigrants with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2009;35(6);978-85.
- Referans33 Samuel –Hodge CD, Holder-Cooper JC, Gizlice Z, Davis G, Steele SP, Keyserling TC et al. Family partners in lifestyle support (PALS): Family-based weight loss for African American adults with type 2diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017; 25(1):45-55.
- Referans34 KhosravizadeTabasi H, Madarshahian F, KhoshniatNikoo M, Hassanabadi M, Mahmoudirad G. Impact of family support improvement behaviors on anti diabetic medication adherence and cognition in type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014;13(1):113.
- Referans35 Mayberry LS, Berg CA, Harper KJ, Osborn CY. The design, usability, and feasibility of a family-focused diabetes self-carem Health intervention for diverse low-income adults with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:7586385.
- Referans36 Avdal EÜ. Web tabanlı verilen diyabet eğitiminin bakım sonuçlarına etkisi randomize kontrollü çalışma (Doktora Tezi). İzmir, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, 2010.
Knowledge and Awareness Levels About Diabetes in Caregivers Providing Care for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Öz
Aim: This study was conducted in cross-sectional analytical type in order to determine the level of knowledge and awareness of
caregivers, who play an important role in facilitating and improving the management of Type 2 Diabetes.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted with 450 individuals, who provided care for patients with Type 2 Diabetes treated in
the Departments of Internal Medicine, Neurology, Cardiology, Chest Diseases and Orthopedics, and in the Internal Medicine Intensive
Care unit of a State Hospital offering health care services, affiliated to Ministry of Health, between 01 May 2018 and 31 October 2018. Data were collected using the Knowledge Levels of Caregivers About Diabetes Form and Awareness Levels of Caregivers About the
Symptoms and Self-Management Practices of Diabetes Form. Descriptive statistical methods (number, percentage) were used in the
evaluation of the data.
Results: The knowledge levels of caregivers about diabetes were determined as 16% for the risk factors of diabetes, 16.3% for the
symptoms of diabetes 16.3%, 31.4% for the diagnosis methods of diabetes, 28% for the complications of diabetes, 13.1% for the treatment
methods of diabetes, 30.6% for the ways to prevent diabetes, 20.7% for the changes in lifestyles during diabetes, and 19.3% for the
knowledge about routine controls during diabetes. In terms of awareness levels of caregivers about the symptoms and self-management
of diabetes, frequent urination (67.1%), general fatigue and burnout (63.3%), desire to consume too much liquid (59.3%), irritability
before meals, irritability (50.2%) and weight loss ( 40.4%) ranked the first five among the symptoms. Caring for the regular use of drugs
by the patient (65.6%), checking of blood sugar at home by the patient (38.7%), and getting the blood values checked regularly by the
patient (22.9%) ranked the first three among the awareness levels of caregivers about self-management in diabetes.
Conclusion: Knowledge levels of caregivers about the disease, and their awareness levels about the symptoms and self-management
practices related to diabetes are quite low. In order to increase the knowledge and awareness levels that are fundamental to the
improvement of disease processes such as diagnosis, treatment, prevention and follow-up, it is recommended that training programs
be developed to include the patient with diabetes and the caregiver, and a greater emphasis be placed on the matters, about which they
experience difficulties.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Referans1 Kalaça S. Türkiye Kronik Hastalıklar ve Risk Faktörleri Sıklığı Çalışması. Ankara, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, 2013.
- Referans2 Pamungkas RA, Chamroonsawasdi K, Vatanasomboon P. A systematic review: family support integrated with diabetes self-Management among uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus patients. Behav Sci (Basel). 2017;15;7(3).
- Referans3 Chen Q, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhao D, Cai Y. Exploring effects of self-management on glycemic controlusing a modified information-motivation-behavioral skills model in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Shanghai, China: A cross-sectional study. J. Diabets. 2018;10(9):734-743.
- Referans4 Crangle CA, Bradley C, Carlin PF, Esterhay RJ, Harper R, Kearney PM et al. Exploring patient information needs in type 2 diabetes: A cross sectional study of questions. PloS One. 2018; 13(11).
- Referans5 Davies AK, McGale N, Humphries SE, Hirani SP, Beaney KE, Bappa DA et al. Effectiveness of a self-management intervention with personalised genetic and lifestyle-related risk information on coronary heart disease and diabetes-related risk in type 2 diabetes (CoRDia): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2015;16:547.
- Referans6 Reifegerste D, Hartleib S. Hypoglycemia-related in formation seeking among in formal caregivers of type 2 diabetes patients: Implications for health education. Journal of Clinical&Translational Endocrinology, 2016;4: 7–12.
- Referans7 Kabat-Zinn J. Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2003;10(2):144-156.
- Referans8 Özer Y. Farkında Mıyız? (Bilişsel Farkındalık İle Psikolojik İyi Oluşun İçrelleşmesi). Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 2017;7: 167-189.
- Referans9 Gunn KL, Seers K, Posner N, Coates V. Somebody there to watch over you': the role of the family in everyday and emergency diabetes care. Health Soc Care Community. 2012;20(6):591-8.
- Referans10 Sofulu F. Tip 2 Diyabette Aile Desteği Ve Çatışma Ölçeği’nin Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İzmir, İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi, 2015.
- Referans11 Meriç M. Diyabetli Bireyin Mücadelesi: Gözden Kaçan Psikososyal Boyut. Türkiye Klinikleri J Psychiatr Nurs-Special Topics. 2017;3(1).
- Referans12 Ofori SN, Unachukwu CN. Holistik approach to prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a family setting. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2014;7:159-68.
- Referans13 Aikens JE, Zivin K, Trivedi R, Piette JD. (2014). Diabetes self-management support using mHealth and enhanced informal caregiving. Journal of Diabetes Complications. 2014;28(2):171–6.
- Referans14 Baykal D, Orak E. Tip 2 Diyabetik Hastaların Glisemi Kontrollerinde Aile Desteğinin Araştırılması. IGUSABDER. 2018;4: 361-382.
- Referans15 Gomes LC, Coelho ACM, Gomides DDS, Foss-Freitas MC, Foss MC, Pace AE. Contribution of family social support to the metabolic control of people with diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Applied Nursing Research. 2017;36:68–76.
- Referans16 Adisa R, Olajide OO, Fakeye TO. Social support, treatment adherence and outcome among hypertensive and type 2 diabetes patients in ambulatory care setting in southwestern Nigeria. Ghana Med J. 2017;51(2):64-77.
- Referans17 Diabetes Care. 5. Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. 2018;41:51-54.
- Referans18 Liu M., Wang J., He Y., Jiang B., Wu L. Wang Y et al. Awareness, treatment and control of type 2 diabetes among Chinese elderly and its changing trend for past decade. BMC PublicHealth. 2016; 16;278.
- Referans19 Baig AA, Benitez A, Quinn MT, Burnet DL. Family interventions to improve diabetes out comes for adults. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1353;89-112.
- Referans20 Johansson K, Österberg SA, Leksell J, Berglund M. Patients’ experiences of support for learning to live with diabetes to promote health and well-being: A life World phenomenological study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2016;11:31330.
- Referans21 Shilubane HN, Potgieter E. Patients’ and family members’ knowledge and views regarding diabetes mellitus and its treatment. Curationis. 2007;30(2):58-65.
- Referans22 Bennich BB, Roder ME, Overgaard D, Egerod I, Munch L, Knop FK et al. Supportive and non-supportive interactions in families with a type 2 diabetes patient: an integrative review. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2017;9:57.
- Referans23 Hu J, Wallace DC, McCoy TP, Amirehsani KA. A family-based diabetes intervention for Hispanic adults and their family members. Diabetes Educ. 2014;40(1):48-59.
- Referans24 Mayberry LS, Osborn CY. Familysupport, medication adherence, and glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(6):1239–1245.
- Referans25 Rosland AM, Piette JD, Trivedi R, Kerr EA, Stoll S, Tremblay A et al. Engaging family supporters of adult patients with diabetes to improve clinical and patient-centered outcomes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018;19(1):394.
- Referans26 Wolff JL, Roter DL. Family presence in routine medical visits: a meta-analytical review. Soc Sci Med. 2011;72(6):823-31.
- Referans27 Yılmaz DU, Sarı D. Kronik hastalığı olan hastalara bakım veren yakınlarının uyku kalitesi ve yorgunluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi, Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi; 2017;20:2.
- Referans28 Ataca HU, Akbaş F, Şak T, Şak DU, Acar Ş, Niyazoğlu M. Diyabetik Hastalarda Hastalık Bilinç Düzeyi ve Farkındalık. İstanbul Med J. 2015;16:101-4.
- Referans29 Lawton J, Rankin D, Elliott J, Heller SR, Rogers HA, De Zoysa N et al. Experiences, views and support needs of family members of people with hipoglycemia unawareness: interview study. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(1):109-15.
- Referans30 Pereira MG, Pedras S, Ferreira G, Machado JC. Family and couple variables regarding adherence in type 2 diabetes patients in the initial stages of the disease. J Marital Fam Ther. 2017; 45(1): 134-148.
- Referans31 Wen LK, Parchman ML, Shepherd MD. Family support and diet barriers among older Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes. Fam Med. 2004;36(6):423-30.
- Referans32 Choi SE. Diet-specific family support and glucose control among Korean immigrants with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2009;35(6);978-85.
- Referans33 Samuel –Hodge CD, Holder-Cooper JC, Gizlice Z, Davis G, Steele SP, Keyserling TC et al. Family partners in lifestyle support (PALS): Family-based weight loss for African American adults with type 2diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017; 25(1):45-55.
- Referans34 KhosravizadeTabasi H, Madarshahian F, KhoshniatNikoo M, Hassanabadi M, Mahmoudirad G. Impact of family support improvement behaviors on anti diabetic medication adherence and cognition in type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014;13(1):113.
- Referans35 Mayberry LS, Berg CA, Harper KJ, Osborn CY. The design, usability, and feasibility of a family-focused diabetes self-carem Health intervention for diverse low-income adults with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:7586385.
- Referans36 Avdal EÜ. Web tabanlı verilen diyabet eğitiminin bakım sonuçlarına etkisi randomize kontrollü çalışma (Doktora Tezi). İzmir, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, 2010.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2021 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 16 Ekim 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3 |
Kaynak Göster
Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Obezite ve Diyabet Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi’nin bilimsel yayım organıdır.
Web: https://obdm.beun.edu.tr/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/obezite_diyabet Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zbeuobezitediyabet/