Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Effect Of Some Essential Oils Applied After Harvest on Botrytis cinerea and Fruit Nutritional Content in Apples ABSTRACT

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 583 - 590, 23.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1307804

Öz

This study was carried out to evaluate the relationships between individual and combinations of essential oils (EO) on the content of nutrients in the protective and curative effect against gray mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) in “Golden Delicious” apple cultivar. The effects of the protective and curative properties of thymol, eugenol, 1,8-cineol EOs on the nutritional elements content were investigated by using apple fruits before (protective effect) and after infection (curative effect). Harvested apples were dipped in solutions containing EO (1.25, 2.5, 3.75 µL) and incubated for 30 minutes at ±4°C for 7 days. Macro and micro nutrients were determined using the Kjeldahl method and a Vapodest Rapid Kjeldahl Distillation Unit. It was determined that EO applications against B. cinerea protected the fruit quality by making a positive effect on the nutrient content. The curative effect of the application methods is more effective in increasing the nutrient content than the control group compared to the protective effect. Since the effects of individual and combinations of EOs on the nutrient content were examined, it was determined that the content of thymol and eugenol combinations increased the most in the groups. When the content of all nutrients was evaluated, it was determined that the Na content was the highest, while the sulfur content was lower than the other elements. As a result, good results were obtained in terms of macro and micro nutrients of EO application against B. cinerea in post-harvest fruits. We think that essential oils will be an alternative to synthetic fungicides against postharvest gray mold in apples and are promising for the future.

Kaynakça

  • AOAC. 2005. Official Method Analysis 975.03. Metals in Plants and Pets Food Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method. Available online: https://scirp.org/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=2783175 (accessed on 10 January 2022).
  • Banani, H., Olivieri, L., Santoro, K., Garibaldi, A., Lodovica Gullino, M. ve Spadaro, D. 2018. Thyme and Savory Essential Oil Efficacy and Induction of Resistance against Botrytis cinerea through Priming of Defense Responses in Apple. Foods, 7:11.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Dönmez, M.F., Canpolat, M. ve Sahin, F. 2005. Sera ve Farklı Tarla Koşullarında Bitki Gelişimini Teşvik Edici Bakterilerin Bitki Gelişimi ve Toprak Özelliklerine Etkisi. Türkiye VI. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, Antalya, Cilt-1 s. 45-50.
  • Çimrin, K.M., Bozkurt, M.A. ve Akıncı, İ.E. 2000. Azot ve fosforun biberin (Capsicum annuum L.) meyve ve yaprak besin elementi içeriğine etkisi. Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 3 (2):174‐181.
  • Datnoff, L.E., Elmer, W.H. ve Huber, D.M., 2007. Mineral nutrition and plant disease. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. s.278. ISBN: 978-0-89054-346-7.
  • Deniel, F., Renault, D., Tirilly, Y., Barbier, G. Ve Rey, P. 2006. A dynamic biofilter to remove pathogens during tomato soilless culture. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 26:185-193.
  • Dobbelaere, S., Vanderleyden, J. ve Okon, Y. 2003. Plant Growth-Promoting Effects of Diazotrophs in the Rhizosphere. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 22 (2):107-149.
  • Droby S., Wisniewski M., El Ghaouth A. ve Wilson C. 2003. Influence of food additives on the control of postharvest rots of apple and peach and efficacy of the yeast-based biocontrol product Aspire. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 27 (2):127-135.
  • Ekbiç E., Fidan H. ve Eker S. 2017. Hıyar mozaik virüsünün (CMV) hıyarda bitki besin elementi içeriğine etkisi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 6: 263-268.
  • El Ouadi, Y., Manssouri, M., Bouyanzer, A., Majidi, L., Bendaif, H., Elmsellem, H., Shariati, M.A., Melhaoui, A. ve Hammouti, B. 2017. Essential oil composition and antifungal activity of Melissa officinalis originating from north-Est Morocco, against postharvest phytopathogenic fungi in apples. Microb. Pathog., 107, 321-326.
  • Grahovac J., Mitrović I., Dodić J., Grahovac M., Rončević Z., Dodić S. ve Jokić A. 2020. Biocontrol agent for apple Fusarium rot: optimization of production by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 107 (3): 263-270. DOI 10.13080/z-a.2020.107.034
  • Hossain, F., Follett, P., Vu, K.D., Harich, M., Salmieri, S. ve Lacroix, M. 2016. Evidence for synergistic activity of plant-derived essential oils against fungal pathogens of food. Food Microbiol., 53:24-30. Doi:10.1016/j.fm.2015.08.006 Janisiewicz, W. J. ve Korsten, L. 2002. Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 40: 411e441.
  • Karakuş S., Ökkeş A., Köse C. ve Aydın İ. 2021. Nepeta meyeri essential oil ameliorates fungal infection and the antioxidant response in grapevines (Vitis vinifera) infections by grey mold (Botrytis cinerea). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 43:151. doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03320-3
  • Karakuş, S. 2023a. Determination of In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Some Essential Oils Against Botrytis cinerea in Post-Harvest Apple Fruits. 4. International Anatolian Congress on Multidisciplinary Scientific Research held on February 17-20, Kars, Türkiye.
  • Karakuş, S. 2023b. Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Apples by Essential Oil Combinations. Avrasya 7th International Conference on Applied Sciences March10-12, Budapest.
  • Khan, A.G. 2005. Role of soil microbes in the rhizospheres of plants growing on trace metal contaminated soils in phytoremediation. J Trace Elements Med Biol., 18: 355–364.
  • Lee, S.O., Choi, G.J., Jang, K.S., Lim, H.K., Cho, K.Y. ve Kim, J.-C. 2007. Antifungal activity of five plant essential oils as fumigant against post-harvest and soilborne plant pathogenic fungi. Plant Pathol. J., 23: 97-102.
  • Mbili, N.C., Opara, U.L., Lennox, C.L. ve Vries, F.A. 2017. Citrus and lemongrass essential oils inhibit Botrytis cinerea on ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Pink Lady’ and ‘Granny Smith’ apples. J. Plant Dis. Prot., 124: 499-511.
  • Oli, N., Singh, U.K. ve Jha, S.K. 2019. Antifungal Activity of Plant’s Essential Oils against Post Harvest Fungal Disease of Apple Fruit. For. J. Inst. For. 16: 86-100.
  • Pedrotti, C., da Silva Ribeiro, R.T., ve Schwambach, J. 2019. Control of postharvest fungal rots in grapes through the use of Baccharis trimera and Baccharis dracunculifolia essential oils. Crop Prot., 125: 1-7. Doi:10.1016/j.cropr o.2019.10491 2
  • Puente, M.E., Bashan, Y., Li, C.Y. ve Lebsky, V.K., 2004. Microbial populations and activities in the rhizoplane of rock-weathering desert plants. I. Root colonization and weathering of igneous rocks. Plant Biol., 6: 629-42.
  • Santoro, K., Meghenzani, M., Chiabrando, V., Bosio, P., Gullino, M.L., Spadaro, D. ve Giacalone, G. 2018. Thyme and savory essential oil vapor treatments control brown rot and improve the storage quality of peaches and nectarines but could favor gray mold. Foods, 7: 7.
  • Šernait ˙ e, L., Rasiukeviˇci ¯ ut˙ e, N. ve Valiuškait ˙ e, A. 2020. Application of plant extracts to control postharvest gray mold and susceptibility of apple fruits to B. cinerea from different plant hosts. Foods, 9: 1430.
  • Seymen, M., Türkmen, Ö., Dursun, A., Dönmez, M.F. ve Paksoy, M. 2010. Effects of Bacterium Inoculation on Yield and Yield Component Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 67 (1): 274-277.
  • Singh K. A. ve Chhatpar H. S. 2011. Combined use of Streptomyces sp. A6 and chemical fungicides against Fusarium wilt of Cajanus cajan may reduce the dosage of fungicides required in the field. Crop Protection, 30 (7): 770-775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2011.03.015
  • Sokovi´c, M.D., Vukojevi´c, J., Marin, P.D., Brki´c, D.D., Vajs, V. ve Van Griensven, L.J. 2009. Chemical composition of essential oils of thymus and mentha species and their antifungal activities. Molecules, 14: 238-249.
  • Uçgun K., Gezgin S., Akgül H., Atasay A., Harmankaya M., Altındal M., İlban B. ve Cansu M., Seymen T. 2015. Elma Ağaçlarında Besin Elementlerinin Dönemsel Değişimi ve Bu Değişimlerin Sebeplerinin İncelenmesi. Fruit Science, 1 (2): 30-37. 2148-0036
  • Valero, M. ve Giner, M. J. 2006. Effects of antimicrobial components of essential oils on growth of Bacillus cereus INRA L2104 in and the sensory qualities of carrot broth. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 106 (1): 90e94.
  • Xylia, P., Chrysargyris, A., Ahmed, Z.F.R. ve Tzortzakis, N. 2021. Application of Rosemary and Eucalyptus Essential Oils and Their Main Component on the Preservation of Apple and Pear Fruits. Horticulturae, 7: 479.
  • Zhao, Y., ve Wang, C. 2015. Effect of Calcium Chloride in Combination with Salicylic Acid on Post-harvest Freshness of Apples. Food Sci. Biotechnol., 24 (3):1139-1146. Doi: 10.1007/s10068-015-0145-5
  • Zhao S., Guo Y., Wang Q. ve An B. 2021. Antifungal effects of lycorine on Botrytis cinerea and possible mechanisms. Biotechnol Lett., 43: 1503-1512 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03128-8

Hasat Sonrası Uygulanan Bazı Uçucu Yağların Elmalarda Botrytis cinerea ve Meyve Besin İçeriğine Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 583 - 590, 23.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1307804

Öz

Bu çalışma “Golden Delicious” elma çeşidinde Kurşuni küfe (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) karşı koruyucu ve iyileştirici etkide uçucu yağların (UY) bireysel ve kombinasyonlarının besin elementlerinin içeriği üzerine ilişkilerini değerlendirmek amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Bu amaca yönelik çalışmada enfeksiyon öncesi (koruyucu etki) ve sonrası (iyileştirici etki) elma meyveleri kullanılarak timol, ögenol, 1,8-sineol UY’ların koruyucu ve iyileştirici özelliğinin besin elementleri içeriğine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Hasat edilen elmalar UY (tekli kombinasyonlarda 1.25 μL, ikili kombinasyonlarda 2.5 μL, üçlü kombinasyonlarda 3.75 μL) içeren çözeltilere batırılarak 30 dakika boyunca inkube edilip ±4°C'de 7 gün depolanmıştır. Daha sonra Kjeldahl yöntemi ve bir Vapodest Hızlı Kjeldahl Distilasyon Ünitesi kullanılarak makro ve mikro besin elementleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, B. cinerea’ya karşı UY uygulamalarının besin elementi içeriği üzerine olumlu etki yaparak meyve kalitesini koruduğu tespit edilmiştir. Uygulama yöntemlerinden iyileştirici etkinin koruyucu etkiye göre besin elementleri içeriğinin kontrol grubuna göre arttırmada daha etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca UY’ların bireysel ve kombinasyonalarının besin elementleri içeriğine etkileri incelendiğinde en fazla timol ve ögenol kombinasyonlarının oluşturduğu gruplarda içeriği en fazla arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Tüm besin elementleri içeriği değerlendirildiğinde ise, Na içeriğinin en yüksek olduğu buna karşın kükürttün diğer elementlerden daha düşük içeriğe sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak hasat sonrası meyvelerde B. cinerea’ya karşı UY uygulamasının makro ve mikro besin elementleri yönünden iyi sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Elmalarda hasat sonrası kurşuni küfe karşı uçucu yağların sentetik fungusitlerin yerine alternatif olacağını ve gelecek açısından ümit verici olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.

Kaynakça

  • AOAC. 2005. Official Method Analysis 975.03. Metals in Plants and Pets Food Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method. Available online: https://scirp.org/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=2783175 (accessed on 10 January 2022).
  • Banani, H., Olivieri, L., Santoro, K., Garibaldi, A., Lodovica Gullino, M. ve Spadaro, D. 2018. Thyme and Savory Essential Oil Efficacy and Induction of Resistance against Botrytis cinerea through Priming of Defense Responses in Apple. Foods, 7:11.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Dönmez, M.F., Canpolat, M. ve Sahin, F. 2005. Sera ve Farklı Tarla Koşullarında Bitki Gelişimini Teşvik Edici Bakterilerin Bitki Gelişimi ve Toprak Özelliklerine Etkisi. Türkiye VI. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, Antalya, Cilt-1 s. 45-50.
  • Çimrin, K.M., Bozkurt, M.A. ve Akıncı, İ.E. 2000. Azot ve fosforun biberin (Capsicum annuum L.) meyve ve yaprak besin elementi içeriğine etkisi. Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 3 (2):174‐181.
  • Datnoff, L.E., Elmer, W.H. ve Huber, D.M., 2007. Mineral nutrition and plant disease. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. s.278. ISBN: 978-0-89054-346-7.
  • Deniel, F., Renault, D., Tirilly, Y., Barbier, G. Ve Rey, P. 2006. A dynamic biofilter to remove pathogens during tomato soilless culture. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 26:185-193.
  • Dobbelaere, S., Vanderleyden, J. ve Okon, Y. 2003. Plant Growth-Promoting Effects of Diazotrophs in the Rhizosphere. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 22 (2):107-149.
  • Droby S., Wisniewski M., El Ghaouth A. ve Wilson C. 2003. Influence of food additives on the control of postharvest rots of apple and peach and efficacy of the yeast-based biocontrol product Aspire. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 27 (2):127-135.
  • Ekbiç E., Fidan H. ve Eker S. 2017. Hıyar mozaik virüsünün (CMV) hıyarda bitki besin elementi içeriğine etkisi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 6: 263-268.
  • El Ouadi, Y., Manssouri, M., Bouyanzer, A., Majidi, L., Bendaif, H., Elmsellem, H., Shariati, M.A., Melhaoui, A. ve Hammouti, B. 2017. Essential oil composition and antifungal activity of Melissa officinalis originating from north-Est Morocco, against postharvest phytopathogenic fungi in apples. Microb. Pathog., 107, 321-326.
  • Grahovac J., Mitrović I., Dodić J., Grahovac M., Rončević Z., Dodić S. ve Jokić A. 2020. Biocontrol agent for apple Fusarium rot: optimization of production by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 107 (3): 263-270. DOI 10.13080/z-a.2020.107.034
  • Hossain, F., Follett, P., Vu, K.D., Harich, M., Salmieri, S. ve Lacroix, M. 2016. Evidence for synergistic activity of plant-derived essential oils against fungal pathogens of food. Food Microbiol., 53:24-30. Doi:10.1016/j.fm.2015.08.006 Janisiewicz, W. J. ve Korsten, L. 2002. Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 40: 411e441.
  • Karakuş S., Ökkeş A., Köse C. ve Aydın İ. 2021. Nepeta meyeri essential oil ameliorates fungal infection and the antioxidant response in grapevines (Vitis vinifera) infections by grey mold (Botrytis cinerea). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 43:151. doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03320-3
  • Karakuş, S. 2023a. Determination of In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Some Essential Oils Against Botrytis cinerea in Post-Harvest Apple Fruits. 4. International Anatolian Congress on Multidisciplinary Scientific Research held on February 17-20, Kars, Türkiye.
  • Karakuş, S. 2023b. Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Apples by Essential Oil Combinations. Avrasya 7th International Conference on Applied Sciences March10-12, Budapest.
  • Khan, A.G. 2005. Role of soil microbes in the rhizospheres of plants growing on trace metal contaminated soils in phytoremediation. J Trace Elements Med Biol., 18: 355–364.
  • Lee, S.O., Choi, G.J., Jang, K.S., Lim, H.K., Cho, K.Y. ve Kim, J.-C. 2007. Antifungal activity of five plant essential oils as fumigant against post-harvest and soilborne plant pathogenic fungi. Plant Pathol. J., 23: 97-102.
  • Mbili, N.C., Opara, U.L., Lennox, C.L. ve Vries, F.A. 2017. Citrus and lemongrass essential oils inhibit Botrytis cinerea on ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Pink Lady’ and ‘Granny Smith’ apples. J. Plant Dis. Prot., 124: 499-511.
  • Oli, N., Singh, U.K. ve Jha, S.K. 2019. Antifungal Activity of Plant’s Essential Oils against Post Harvest Fungal Disease of Apple Fruit. For. J. Inst. For. 16: 86-100.
  • Pedrotti, C., da Silva Ribeiro, R.T., ve Schwambach, J. 2019. Control of postharvest fungal rots in grapes through the use of Baccharis trimera and Baccharis dracunculifolia essential oils. Crop Prot., 125: 1-7. Doi:10.1016/j.cropr o.2019.10491 2
  • Puente, M.E., Bashan, Y., Li, C.Y. ve Lebsky, V.K., 2004. Microbial populations and activities in the rhizoplane of rock-weathering desert plants. I. Root colonization and weathering of igneous rocks. Plant Biol., 6: 629-42.
  • Santoro, K., Meghenzani, M., Chiabrando, V., Bosio, P., Gullino, M.L., Spadaro, D. ve Giacalone, G. 2018. Thyme and savory essential oil vapor treatments control brown rot and improve the storage quality of peaches and nectarines but could favor gray mold. Foods, 7: 7.
  • Šernait ˙ e, L., Rasiukeviˇci ¯ ut˙ e, N. ve Valiuškait ˙ e, A. 2020. Application of plant extracts to control postharvest gray mold and susceptibility of apple fruits to B. cinerea from different plant hosts. Foods, 9: 1430.
  • Seymen, M., Türkmen, Ö., Dursun, A., Dönmez, M.F. ve Paksoy, M. 2010. Effects of Bacterium Inoculation on Yield and Yield Component Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 67 (1): 274-277.
  • Singh K. A. ve Chhatpar H. S. 2011. Combined use of Streptomyces sp. A6 and chemical fungicides against Fusarium wilt of Cajanus cajan may reduce the dosage of fungicides required in the field. Crop Protection, 30 (7): 770-775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2011.03.015
  • Sokovi´c, M.D., Vukojevi´c, J., Marin, P.D., Brki´c, D.D., Vajs, V. ve Van Griensven, L.J. 2009. Chemical composition of essential oils of thymus and mentha species and their antifungal activities. Molecules, 14: 238-249.
  • Uçgun K., Gezgin S., Akgül H., Atasay A., Harmankaya M., Altındal M., İlban B. ve Cansu M., Seymen T. 2015. Elma Ağaçlarında Besin Elementlerinin Dönemsel Değişimi ve Bu Değişimlerin Sebeplerinin İncelenmesi. Fruit Science, 1 (2): 30-37. 2148-0036
  • Valero, M. ve Giner, M. J. 2006. Effects of antimicrobial components of essential oils on growth of Bacillus cereus INRA L2104 in and the sensory qualities of carrot broth. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 106 (1): 90e94.
  • Xylia, P., Chrysargyris, A., Ahmed, Z.F.R. ve Tzortzakis, N. 2021. Application of Rosemary and Eucalyptus Essential Oils and Their Main Component on the Preservation of Apple and Pear Fruits. Horticulturae, 7: 479.
  • Zhao, Y., ve Wang, C. 2015. Effect of Calcium Chloride in Combination with Salicylic Acid on Post-harvest Freshness of Apples. Food Sci. Biotechnol., 24 (3):1139-1146. Doi: 10.1007/s10068-015-0145-5
  • Zhao S., Guo Y., Wang Q. ve An B. 2021. Antifungal effects of lycorine on Botrytis cinerea and possible mechanisms. Biotechnol Lett., 43: 1503-1512 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03128-8
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sinem Karakuş 0000-0002-6698-153X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 24 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Karakuş, S. (2023). Hasat Sonrası Uygulanan Bazı Uçucu Yağların Elmalarda Botrytis cinerea ve Meyve Besin İçeriğine Etkisi. Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(3), 583-590. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1307804