Araştırma Makalesi
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Bazı Bal Arısı Polenlerinin Palinolojik Analizleri, Kimyasal Ve Mineral Madde İçerikleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 187 - 197, 11.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.996036

Öz

Arı ürünleri sağlık açısından olağanüstü özellikleri nedeniyle son yıllarda gıda, gıda takviyesi ve destekleyici ürünler olarak ilgi görmektedir. Dünyada baldan sonra tüketimi hızla artan arı poleni, çiçeklerin erkek üreme birimi olarak zengin bir besin maddesi yanında, bal arısının ağız salgıları içermesiyle ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada farklı bölgelerdeki arılıklardan toplanan arı polenlerinin olarak palinolojik tanımlaması yapılmıştır. Polen içeriğinin belirlenmesine yönelik yapılan analizlerde kuru madde %71,47-81,38 aralığında, protein %17,5-26,0 aralığında, yağ %5,84-10,95 ve kül miktarı ise %2,02-2,44 arasında bulunmuştur. Mineral madde kompozisyonuna bakıldığında en çok bulunanlar; kalsiyum, potasyum, magnezyum, silisyum, sodyum ve demir elementidir. Çevre kirliliğinin artmasının bir sonucu olan ve sağlık üzerine olumsuz etkileri bulunan ağır metallerden arsenik, kadmiyum ve kurşun arı poleni örneklerinde tespit edilmiştir. Polen üretiminde özellikle ticari olarak satışı yapılan polenlerin tanımlanması, besinsel kalitesinin belirlenmesi ve standardizasyonu üretici ve tüketici açısından oldukça önemlidir.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Kahtani, S. N., Taha, E. K., Khan, K. A., Ansari, M. J., Farag, S. A., Shawer, D. M., & Elnabawy, E. S. M. (2020). Effect of harvest season on the nutritional value of bee pollen protein. PloS one, 15(12), e0241393.
  • Almeida-Muradian, L. B., Pamplona, L. C., Coimbra, S., Barth, O. M. 2005. Chemical composition and botanical evaluation of dried bee pollen pellets. Journal of food composition and analysis, 18(1), 105-111.
  • AOAC, 2000. Official Methods of Analyses, Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, CD-ROM. 17th edition, Arlington, VA: AOAC International.
  • Asmae, E. G., Nawal, E. M., Bakour, M., & Lyoussi, B. (2021). Moroccan Monofloral Bee Pollen: Botanical Origin, Physicochemical Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities. Journal of Food Quality, Volume 2021, Article ID 8877266, 10 pages
  • Bilisik, A., Cakmak, İ., Bıçakçı, A., Malyer, H. 2008. Seasonal variation of collected pollen loads of honeybees (Apis mellifera L. anatoliaca). Grana 47(1): 70-77.
  • Campos, M.G.R., Bogdanov, S., Almeida-Muradian, L.B., Szczesna, T., Mancebo, Y., Frigerio, C. and Ferreira, F. 2008. Pollen composition and standardization of analytical methods. Journal of Apicultural Research and Bee World 47(2): 156-163.
  • Carpes, S. T., Cabral, I. S., Luz, C. F. P., Capeletti, J. P., Alencar, S. M., & Masson, M. L. 2009. Palynological and physicochemical characterization of Apis mellifera L. bee pollen in the Southern region of Brazil. J Food Agric Environ, 7, 667-673.
  • Costa, M. C. A., Morgano, M. A., Ferreira, M. M. C., & Milani, R. F. 2019. Quantification of mineral composition of Brazilian bee pollen by near infrared spectroscopy and PLS regression. Food chemistry, 273, 85-90
  • Commission, Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 of 27 January 2009 Laying Down the Methods of Sampling and Analysis for the Official Control of Feed, Official Journal of the European Union, 54 (2009) 1-130
  • Çakıcı, N., Artık, N., Türkarslan, N., Güney, F. & Yılmaz, Ö. 2018. Farklı yöntemlerle paketlenen polenin bazı kalite parametrelerinde depolama süresince meydana gelen değişimlerin incelenmesi. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Arıcılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Proje Sonuç Raporu, Yayın No:25, Ordu.
  • Dinkov, D., & Stratev, D. 2016. The content of two toxic heavy metals in Bulgarian bee pollen. International Food Research Journal, 23(3), 1343.
  • Hassan, H M. 2011. Chemical composition and nutritional value of palm pollen grains. Global J Biotechnol Biochem, 6(1), 1-7.
  • Kirk, W D J. 1994. A Colour Guide to Pollen Loads of the Honeybee. International Bee Research Association, Cardiff. 54 pages.
  • Kirk, W. D. 2018. The Colours of Pollen Available to Honey Bees through the Year. Bee World, 1-5.
  • Kostić, A. Ž., Pešić, M. B., Mosić, M. D., Dojčinović, B. P., Natić, M. M., & Trifković, J. Đ. 2015. Mineral content of bee pollen from Serbia. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 66:251-258
  • Liolios, V., Tananaki, C., Dimou, M., Kanelis, D., Goras, G., Karazafiris, E., & Thrasyvoulou, A. 2016. Ranking pollen from bee plants according to their protein contribution to honey bees. Journal of Apicultural Research, 1-11.
  • Lilek, N., Kandolf Borovšak, A., Bertoncelj, J., Vogel Mikuš, K., & Nečemer, M. 2021. Use of EDXRF elemental fingerprinting for discrimination of botanical and geographical origin of Slovenian bee pollen. X‐Ray Spectrometry.1-12.
  • Lorini, A., da Rosa, C. C. B., Oliveira, L. T., & Wobeto, C. (2020). Chemical composition and microbiological quality of bee pollen. Scientia Agraria Paranaensis, 19(3), 229-235.
  • Ialomiteanu, M. 1978. Polenul aliment-medicament. Valoare biostimulenta si terapeutica. Editura Apimondia, Bucuresti, 1978. Page:65
  • Matuszewska, E., Klupczynska, A., Maciołek, K., Kokot, Z. J., & Matysiak, J. 2021. Multielemental Analysis of Bee Pollen, Propolis, and Royal Jelly Collected in West-Central Poland. Molecules, 26(9), 2415.
  • Mărgăoan, R., Mărghitas, L A., Dezmirean, D S., Bobis, O. 2013. Floral Origin of Different Bee Pollen Samples. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 70(2), 381-382.
  • Mărgăoan, R., Mărghitas, L A., Dezmirean, D.S., Dulf, F., Bunea, A., Socaci, S.A., Bobis, O. 2014, Predominant and secondary pollen botanical origin influence the carotenoid and fatty acid profile in fresh honeybee collected pollen, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62, 6306-6316
  • Morgano, M. A., Martins, M. C. T., Rabonato, L. C., Milani, R. F., Yotsuyanagi, K., & Rodriguez-Amaya, D. B. 2012. A comprehensive investigation of the mineral composition of Brazilian bee pollen: geographic and seasonal variations and contribution to human diet. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 23, 727-736.
  • NMKL -186. 2007. Nordic Committee on Food Analysis (NMKL, 186). Trace elements - As, Cd, Hg, Pb and other elements determination by ICP-MS after pressure digestion. Denmark.
  • Özcan, M. M., Aljuhaimi, F., Babiker, E. E., Uslu, N., Ceylan, D. A., Ghafoor, K., & Alsawmahi, O. N. 2019. Determination of antioxidant activity, phenolic compound, mineral contents and fatty acid compositions of bee pollen grains collected from different locations. Journal of Apicultural Science, 63(1), 69-79.
  • Rabie, AL., Wells, JD. & Dent, LK. 1983. The nitrogen content of pollen protein. Journal of Apicultural Research. 22, 119–123.
  • Sattler, J. A. G., De-Melo, A. A. M., Nascımento, K. S. D., Mancını-Fılho, J., Sattler, A., & Almeıda-Muradıan, L. B. D. 2016. Essential minerals and inorganic contaminants (barium, cadmium, lithium, lead and vanadium) in dried bee pollen produced in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Food Science and Technology (Campinas), 36(3), 505-509.
  • Sorkun, K., Yılmaz, B., Özkırım, A., Özkök, S., Gençay, Ö. & Bölükbaşı, DN. 2010. Yaşam için arılar. Türkiye Arı Yetiştiricileri Merkez Birliği Yayın No:3, Ankara, 135s.
  • Spulber, R., Doğaroğlu, M., Babeanu, N., & Popa, O. 2018. Physicochemical characteristics of fresh bee pollen from different botanical origins. Romanian Biotechnol. Lett, 23, 13357-13365.
  • Szczęsna, T. 2007a. Study on the sugar composition of honeybee-collected pollen. J. Apic. Sci, 51(1), 15-22.
  • Szczesna, T. 2007b. Concentration of selected elements in honeybee-collected pollen. Journal of Apicultural Science, 51(1).
  • Taha, E. K. A. 2015. Chemical Composition and Amounts of Mineral Elements in Honeybee-Collected Pollen In Relation To Botanical Origin. Journal of Apicultural Science, 59(1), 75-81.
  • Taha, E. K. A., & Al-Kahtani, S. 2020. Macro-and trace elements content in honeybee pollen loads in relation to the harvest season. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 27(7), 1797-1800.
  • Thakur, M., & Nanda, V. 2020. Composition and functionality of bee pollen: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 98, 82-106.
  • Uçar, M., Kural, B. V., Bulut, V. N., Aliyazıcıoğlu, R., Kopuz, M., Değer, O., Menteşe, A. 2018. Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinden Toplanan Arı Poleni Karışımındaki Element Düzeyleri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(3), 57-62.
  • Velásquez, P., Rodríguez, P K., Retamal, M., Giordano, A., Valenzuela, L M., Montenegro, G. 2017. Relation between composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities and botanical origin of multi-floral bee pollen. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality 90, 306 – 314.
  • Wodehouse, R P. 1935. Pollen grains. Hafner Publishing Company, New York.
  • Yetim, H. Kesmen, Z., 2008. Gıda Analizleri, Erciyes Üniv. Ders Yayınları, Yay.no:163, Kayseri.

PALYNOLOGICAL ANALYSES, CHEMICAL and MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SOME HONEYBEE POLLEN PELLETS

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 187 - 197, 11.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.996036

Öz

Bee products have gained popularity in recent years as food, dietary supplements and adjuvant products due to their extraordinary health properties. Globally, bee pollen is the second most consumed product after honey, has a special importance as a male reproductive unit of flowers, as well as a rich nutrient material, as it contains the oral secretions of the honeybee. In this study, palynological identification of bee pollen collected from apiaries from different regions was made. The bee pollen content was found to be consisting of dry matter between 71.47-81.38%, protein between 17.5-26.0%, fat 5.84-10.95%, and ash content 2.02-2.44%. Moreover, the most common mineral elements in pollen were calcium, potassium, magnesium, silicium, sodium and iron. Besides, heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium and lead have been detected in bee pollen samples that is a result of the increased environmental pollution and have negative effects on health. Therefore, in bee pollen production, identification, determination of nutritional quality and standardization of pollen are very important for producers and consumers. 

Kaynakça

  • Al-Kahtani, S. N., Taha, E. K., Khan, K. A., Ansari, M. J., Farag, S. A., Shawer, D. M., & Elnabawy, E. S. M. (2020). Effect of harvest season on the nutritional value of bee pollen protein. PloS one, 15(12), e0241393.
  • Almeida-Muradian, L. B., Pamplona, L. C., Coimbra, S., Barth, O. M. 2005. Chemical composition and botanical evaluation of dried bee pollen pellets. Journal of food composition and analysis, 18(1), 105-111.
  • AOAC, 2000. Official Methods of Analyses, Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, CD-ROM. 17th edition, Arlington, VA: AOAC International.
  • Asmae, E. G., Nawal, E. M., Bakour, M., & Lyoussi, B. (2021). Moroccan Monofloral Bee Pollen: Botanical Origin, Physicochemical Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities. Journal of Food Quality, Volume 2021, Article ID 8877266, 10 pages
  • Bilisik, A., Cakmak, İ., Bıçakçı, A., Malyer, H. 2008. Seasonal variation of collected pollen loads of honeybees (Apis mellifera L. anatoliaca). Grana 47(1): 70-77.
  • Campos, M.G.R., Bogdanov, S., Almeida-Muradian, L.B., Szczesna, T., Mancebo, Y., Frigerio, C. and Ferreira, F. 2008. Pollen composition and standardization of analytical methods. Journal of Apicultural Research and Bee World 47(2): 156-163.
  • Carpes, S. T., Cabral, I. S., Luz, C. F. P., Capeletti, J. P., Alencar, S. M., & Masson, M. L. 2009. Palynological and physicochemical characterization of Apis mellifera L. bee pollen in the Southern region of Brazil. J Food Agric Environ, 7, 667-673.
  • Costa, M. C. A., Morgano, M. A., Ferreira, M. M. C., & Milani, R. F. 2019. Quantification of mineral composition of Brazilian bee pollen by near infrared spectroscopy and PLS regression. Food chemistry, 273, 85-90
  • Commission, Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 of 27 January 2009 Laying Down the Methods of Sampling and Analysis for the Official Control of Feed, Official Journal of the European Union, 54 (2009) 1-130
  • Çakıcı, N., Artık, N., Türkarslan, N., Güney, F. & Yılmaz, Ö. 2018. Farklı yöntemlerle paketlenen polenin bazı kalite parametrelerinde depolama süresince meydana gelen değişimlerin incelenmesi. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Arıcılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Proje Sonuç Raporu, Yayın No:25, Ordu.
  • Dinkov, D., & Stratev, D. 2016. The content of two toxic heavy metals in Bulgarian bee pollen. International Food Research Journal, 23(3), 1343.
  • Hassan, H M. 2011. Chemical composition and nutritional value of palm pollen grains. Global J Biotechnol Biochem, 6(1), 1-7.
  • Kirk, W D J. 1994. A Colour Guide to Pollen Loads of the Honeybee. International Bee Research Association, Cardiff. 54 pages.
  • Kirk, W. D. 2018. The Colours of Pollen Available to Honey Bees through the Year. Bee World, 1-5.
  • Kostić, A. Ž., Pešić, M. B., Mosić, M. D., Dojčinović, B. P., Natić, M. M., & Trifković, J. Đ. 2015. Mineral content of bee pollen from Serbia. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 66:251-258
  • Liolios, V., Tananaki, C., Dimou, M., Kanelis, D., Goras, G., Karazafiris, E., & Thrasyvoulou, A. 2016. Ranking pollen from bee plants according to their protein contribution to honey bees. Journal of Apicultural Research, 1-11.
  • Lilek, N., Kandolf Borovšak, A., Bertoncelj, J., Vogel Mikuš, K., & Nečemer, M. 2021. Use of EDXRF elemental fingerprinting for discrimination of botanical and geographical origin of Slovenian bee pollen. X‐Ray Spectrometry.1-12.
  • Lorini, A., da Rosa, C. C. B., Oliveira, L. T., & Wobeto, C. (2020). Chemical composition and microbiological quality of bee pollen. Scientia Agraria Paranaensis, 19(3), 229-235.
  • Ialomiteanu, M. 1978. Polenul aliment-medicament. Valoare biostimulenta si terapeutica. Editura Apimondia, Bucuresti, 1978. Page:65
  • Matuszewska, E., Klupczynska, A., Maciołek, K., Kokot, Z. J., & Matysiak, J. 2021. Multielemental Analysis of Bee Pollen, Propolis, and Royal Jelly Collected in West-Central Poland. Molecules, 26(9), 2415.
  • Mărgăoan, R., Mărghitas, L A., Dezmirean, D S., Bobis, O. 2013. Floral Origin of Different Bee Pollen Samples. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 70(2), 381-382.
  • Mărgăoan, R., Mărghitas, L A., Dezmirean, D.S., Dulf, F., Bunea, A., Socaci, S.A., Bobis, O. 2014, Predominant and secondary pollen botanical origin influence the carotenoid and fatty acid profile in fresh honeybee collected pollen, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62, 6306-6316
  • Morgano, M. A., Martins, M. C. T., Rabonato, L. C., Milani, R. F., Yotsuyanagi, K., & Rodriguez-Amaya, D. B. 2012. A comprehensive investigation of the mineral composition of Brazilian bee pollen: geographic and seasonal variations and contribution to human diet. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 23, 727-736.
  • NMKL -186. 2007. Nordic Committee on Food Analysis (NMKL, 186). Trace elements - As, Cd, Hg, Pb and other elements determination by ICP-MS after pressure digestion. Denmark.
  • Özcan, M. M., Aljuhaimi, F., Babiker, E. E., Uslu, N., Ceylan, D. A., Ghafoor, K., & Alsawmahi, O. N. 2019. Determination of antioxidant activity, phenolic compound, mineral contents and fatty acid compositions of bee pollen grains collected from different locations. Journal of Apicultural Science, 63(1), 69-79.
  • Rabie, AL., Wells, JD. & Dent, LK. 1983. The nitrogen content of pollen protein. Journal of Apicultural Research. 22, 119–123.
  • Sattler, J. A. G., De-Melo, A. A. M., Nascımento, K. S. D., Mancını-Fılho, J., Sattler, A., & Almeıda-Muradıan, L. B. D. 2016. Essential minerals and inorganic contaminants (barium, cadmium, lithium, lead and vanadium) in dried bee pollen produced in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Food Science and Technology (Campinas), 36(3), 505-509.
  • Sorkun, K., Yılmaz, B., Özkırım, A., Özkök, S., Gençay, Ö. & Bölükbaşı, DN. 2010. Yaşam için arılar. Türkiye Arı Yetiştiricileri Merkez Birliği Yayın No:3, Ankara, 135s.
  • Spulber, R., Doğaroğlu, M., Babeanu, N., & Popa, O. 2018. Physicochemical characteristics of fresh bee pollen from different botanical origins. Romanian Biotechnol. Lett, 23, 13357-13365.
  • Szczęsna, T. 2007a. Study on the sugar composition of honeybee-collected pollen. J. Apic. Sci, 51(1), 15-22.
  • Szczesna, T. 2007b. Concentration of selected elements in honeybee-collected pollen. Journal of Apicultural Science, 51(1).
  • Taha, E. K. A. 2015. Chemical Composition and Amounts of Mineral Elements in Honeybee-Collected Pollen In Relation To Botanical Origin. Journal of Apicultural Science, 59(1), 75-81.
  • Taha, E. K. A., & Al-Kahtani, S. 2020. Macro-and trace elements content in honeybee pollen loads in relation to the harvest season. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 27(7), 1797-1800.
  • Thakur, M., & Nanda, V. 2020. Composition and functionality of bee pollen: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 98, 82-106.
  • Uçar, M., Kural, B. V., Bulut, V. N., Aliyazıcıoğlu, R., Kopuz, M., Değer, O., Menteşe, A. 2018. Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinden Toplanan Arı Poleni Karışımındaki Element Düzeyleri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(3), 57-62.
  • Velásquez, P., Rodríguez, P K., Retamal, M., Giordano, A., Valenzuela, L M., Montenegro, G. 2017. Relation between composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities and botanical origin of multi-floral bee pollen. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality 90, 306 – 314.
  • Wodehouse, R P. 1935. Pollen grains. Hafner Publishing Company, New York.
  • Yetim, H. Kesmen, Z., 2008. Gıda Analizleri, Erciyes Üniv. Ders Yayınları, Yay.no:163, Kayseri.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Veysel Bay 0000-0002-9339-4840

Erkan Topal 0000-0002-1398-4390

Neslihan Çakıcı 0000-0001-6118-8834

İsmail Yıldızdal Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4949-6807

Aycan Tosunoglu 0000-0003-2303-672X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Kasım 2021
Kabul Tarihi 12 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Bay V, Topal E, Çakıcı N, Yıldızdal İ, Tosunoglu A. PALYNOLOGICAL ANALYSES, CHEMICAL and MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SOME HONEYBEE POLLEN PELLETS. U.Arı D.-U.Bee J. 2021;21(2):187-9.

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