Comparison of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms elite basketball players and volleyball players
Öz
Aim: The purpose of this study is to research the differences of genotype polymorphism between the elite male and elite female basketball player, volleyball player and control group.
Material and Methods: 58 basketball players (ages 24.25±4.99 years, height 188.22±12.31 cm and weight 80.62±16.34 kg), 64 volleyball players (ages 22.82±5.40 years, height 188.67±9.69 cm and weight 77.82±12.14 kg) and 122 sedentary subjects (control group) were participated randomly in the study. 5cc blood was taken control and control groups for measuring the ACE gene polymorphism. Chi-square and analysis of variance (ANOVA), Levene’s Tests, and frequencies of allele were used for statistical evaluation at significance level p<0.05.
Results: There were no significance differences in genotype distribution and allele frequency of the ACE gene between athletes and control group (p>0.05), basketball, volleyball and control group (p>0.05), male basketball, volleyball and control group (p>0.05), female basketball, volleyball and control group (p>0.05) and male and female athletes (p>0.05) respectively. There were no significance differences in male athletes between the genotype distribution and physical performance tests, such as 20m shuttle-run (F=1.31), vertical jump (F=0.22), and 20m sprint test (F=0.44). There were also no significance differences in female athletes between the genotype distribution and physical performance tests, such as 20m shuttle-run (F=2.03), vertical jump (F=0.10), and 20m sprint test (F=1.17).
Conclusion: ACE polymorphism genotype distribution in terms of elite female and male volleyball players with elite female and male basketball players are the same.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Cavalli-Sforza, L.L. & Bodmer, WF. (1971). The genetics of human populations WH Freeman, San Fransisco.
- Çiloğlu, F. (2001). ACE gen polimorfizminin uzun mesafe koşucuları, sprinter, futbolcular ve sedenter populasyonda karşılaştırılması. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Folland, J. & Leach B. (2000). Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype affects the response of human skeletal muscle to functional overload. Exp Physiol 85 (5): 575-9.
- Gayagay, G., Yu, B., Hambly, B., Boston, T., Hahn, A., Celermajer, D.S., & Trent, R.J. (1998). Elite endurance athletes and the ACE I allele-the role of genes in athletic performance. Human Genetics, 103, 48–50.
- Griendling, K.K., Murphy, T.J., Alexander, R.W. (1993) Moleculer Biology of the Renin Angiotensin System. Circulation;87 (6).
- Gunel, T., Gümüşoğlu, E., Hosseini1, M.K., Yılmazyıldırım, E., Dolekcap, İ., Aydınlı, K. (2014) Effect of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and α-actinin-3 gene polymorphisms on sport performance. Molecular Medicine Reports, 9: 1422-1426. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1974
- Hamilton, M.T. & Booth, F.W. (2000). Skeletal muscle adaption to exercise, a century of progress. J. Appl. Physiol. Jan; 88(1): 327-31.
- Holdys, J., Kryściak, J., Stanisławski , D., Gronek, P. (2011). ACE I/D gene polymorphism in athletes of various sports di sci plines. Human Movement, 2011, vol. 12 (3), 223– 231. doi: 10.2478/v10038-011-0022-x
- Jones, A. & Montgomery, H.E. (2002). Human performance: a role for the ACE genotype? Exerc Sport Sci Rev 30 (4): 184-90.
- Karjalainen, J., Kujala, U.M, Stolt, A., Mantysaari, M., Viitasalo, M., Kainulainen, K., Kontula, K. (1999) Angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism predicts left ventricular hypertrophy in endurance athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol, Aug;34(2):494-9.
- Kunstlinger, U., Ludwig, H.G., Stegemann, J. (1987). Metabolic Changes During Voleyball Matches, J. Sports Science, 8(5):315-22 October.
- Levin, B. (2000). Genes VII. Oxford Üniversity Pres, New York.
- McInnes, S.E., Carlson, J.S., Jones, C.J., McKenna, M.J. (1995). The Physiological Load Imposed on Basketball Players During Competition, J. Sports Science, 13(5):387-97 October; 1995.
- Montgomery, H., Clarkson, P., Barnard, M., Bell, J., Brynes, A., Dollery, C., Hajnal, J., Hemingway, H., Mercer, D., Jarman, P., Marshall, R., Prasad, K., Rayson, M., Saeed, N., Talmud, P., Thomas, L., Jubb, M., World, M., and Humphries, S. (1999). Angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and response to physical training. Lancet 353: 541-545.
- Montgomery, H.E., Marshall, R.M., Hemingway, H., Myerson, S., Clarkson, P., Dollery, C., Hayward, M., Holliman, D.E., Jubb, M., World, M., Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Saeed, N., Barnard, M., Bell, J.D., Prasad, K., Rayson, M., Talmud, P.J., & Humphries, S.E. (1998). Human gene for physical performance. Nature, 393, 221–222.
- Montgomery, H.E., Clarkson, P., Dollery, C.M., Prasad, K., Losi, M.A., Hemingway, H., Statters, D., Jubb, M., Girvain, M., Varnava, A., World, M., Deanfield, J., Talmud, P., McEwan, J.R., McKenna, W.J. and Humphries, S. (1997). Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism with change in left ventricular mass in response to physical training. Circulation 96: 741-747.
- Myerson, S., Hemingway, H., Budget, R., Martin, J., Humphries, S., Montgomery, H. (1999). Human angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene and endurance performance. J Appl Physiol 87: 1313-1316.
- Nazarov, I.B., Woods, D.R., Montgomery, H.E., Shneider, O.V., Kazakov, V.I., Tomilin, N.V., & Rogozkin, V.A. (2001) The angiotensin converting enzyme I/D polymorphism in Russian athletes. European Journal of Human Genetics, 9, 797–801.
- Passarge, M. & Passarge, E. (1995). Color Atlas of Genetics. TMP, New York.
- Rankinen, T., Wolfarth, B., Simoneau, J.A., Maier-Lenz, D., Rauramaa, R., Rivera, M.A., Boulay, M.R., Chagnon, Y.C., Perusse, L., Keul, J., Bouchard, C. (2000) No association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and elite endurance athlete status. J Appl Physiol, May;88(5):1571-5.
- Shahmoradi, S., Ahmadalipour, A., Salehi, M. (2014). Evaluation of ACE gene I/D polymorphism in Iranian elite athletes. Adv Biomed Res. 3:207. DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.143242
- Şahin, İ. (2005). Angiotensin Dönüştürücü Enzim (ACE) Gen Polimorfizminin Elit Güreşçiler ve Normal Populasyonda Karşılaştırılması, Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul.
- Taylor, R.R., Mamotte, C.D., Fallon, K., Van Bockxmeer, F.M. (1999) Elite athletes and the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme. J Appl Physiol, 1999;Sep 87:1035–7.
- Thomis, M.A., Huygens, W., Heuninckx, S., Chagnon, M., Maes, H.M.M., Claessens, A.L., Vlietinck, R., Bouchard, C., Buenen, G.P. (2004) Exploration of myostatin polymorphisms and the angiotensin–converting enzyme insertion/deletion genotype in responses of human muscle to strength training. Eur. J. Appl. Phsiol. 2004.
- Woods, D.R., Brull, D., Montgomery, H.E. (2000). Endurance and the ACE I/D polymorphism. Sci Prog 83:317–336.
- Woods, D., Hickman, M., Jamshidi, Y., Brull, D., Vassiliou, V., Jones, A., Humphries, S., Montgomery, H. (2001) Elite swimmers and the D allele of the ACE I/D polymorphism. Hum Genet 108:230–232.
Angiotension dönüştürücü (Converting) Enzim (ACE) gen polimorfizminin elit basketbolcu ve voleybolcularda karşılaştırılması
Öz
Amaç: Çalışmamızda elit erkek ve bayan basketbolcu ve voleybolcuların ACE genotiplerini belirleyerek, kontrol grubu ve sporcuların genotip polimorfizmi bakımdan farklılıklarını araştırdık.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırmada 58 elit basketbolcu (yaş 24.25±4.99 yıl, boy 188.22±12.31cm ve kilo 80.62±16.34kg), 64 elit voleybolcu (yaş 22.82±5.40yıl, boy 188.67±9.69cm ve kilo 77.82±12.14kg) ile 122 sedanter denek (kontrol grubu) tesadüfi olarak belirlendi. Denek ve kontrol grubundan 5cc. kan alınarak ACE gen polimorfizmleri belirlendi. Elde edilen değerlerin X2, ANOVA, Levene’s Testi, t testi ve alel frekans dağılımları hesaplandı. Erkek basketbolcu ve voleybolcuların alel frekans yoğunluğu Ki-Kare testi ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Sporcu ve sedanter gruplar arasında (p>0.05), basketbolcu, voleybolcu ve sedanter bireyler arasında (p>0.05), Erkek basketbolcu, voleybolcu ve sedanterler arasında (p>0.05), bayan basketbolcular, voleybocular ve sedanterler arasında (p>0.05) ve erkek ve bayan sporcular arasında (p>0.05) anlamlı bir sonuç bulunmamıştır. Erkek sporcuların genotip özellikleri ile fiziksel performans testleri (20m mekik koşusu (F=1.31), dikey sıçrama (F=0.22), 20m sprint (F=0.44)) arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunmadı. Bayan sporcularda da genotip özellikleri ile fiziksel performans testleri (20m mekik koşusu (F=2.03), dikey sıçrama (F=0.10), 20m sprint (F=1.17)) arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunmadı.
Sonuçlar: Elit bayan ve erkek basketbolcular ile elit bayan ve erkek voleybolcuların ACE polimorfizmi bakımından genotip dağılımları aynıdır.
Kaynakça
- Cavalli-Sforza, L.L. & Bodmer, WF. (1971). The genetics of human populations WH Freeman, San Fransisco.
- Çiloğlu, F. (2001). ACE gen polimorfizminin uzun mesafe koşucuları, sprinter, futbolcular ve sedenter populasyonda karşılaştırılması. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Folland, J. & Leach B. (2000). Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype affects the response of human skeletal muscle to functional overload. Exp Physiol 85 (5): 575-9.
- Gayagay, G., Yu, B., Hambly, B., Boston, T., Hahn, A., Celermajer, D.S., & Trent, R.J. (1998). Elite endurance athletes and the ACE I allele-the role of genes in athletic performance. Human Genetics, 103, 48–50.
- Griendling, K.K., Murphy, T.J., Alexander, R.W. (1993) Moleculer Biology of the Renin Angiotensin System. Circulation;87 (6).
- Gunel, T., Gümüşoğlu, E., Hosseini1, M.K., Yılmazyıldırım, E., Dolekcap, İ., Aydınlı, K. (2014) Effect of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and α-actinin-3 gene polymorphisms on sport performance. Molecular Medicine Reports, 9: 1422-1426. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1974
- Hamilton, M.T. & Booth, F.W. (2000). Skeletal muscle adaption to exercise, a century of progress. J. Appl. Physiol. Jan; 88(1): 327-31.
- Holdys, J., Kryściak, J., Stanisławski , D., Gronek, P. (2011). ACE I/D gene polymorphism in athletes of various sports di sci plines. Human Movement, 2011, vol. 12 (3), 223– 231. doi: 10.2478/v10038-011-0022-x
- Jones, A. & Montgomery, H.E. (2002). Human performance: a role for the ACE genotype? Exerc Sport Sci Rev 30 (4): 184-90.
- Karjalainen, J., Kujala, U.M, Stolt, A., Mantysaari, M., Viitasalo, M., Kainulainen, K., Kontula, K. (1999) Angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism predicts left ventricular hypertrophy in endurance athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol, Aug;34(2):494-9.
- Kunstlinger, U., Ludwig, H.G., Stegemann, J. (1987). Metabolic Changes During Voleyball Matches, J. Sports Science, 8(5):315-22 October.
- Levin, B. (2000). Genes VII. Oxford Üniversity Pres, New York.
- McInnes, S.E., Carlson, J.S., Jones, C.J., McKenna, M.J. (1995). The Physiological Load Imposed on Basketball Players During Competition, J. Sports Science, 13(5):387-97 October; 1995.
- Montgomery, H., Clarkson, P., Barnard, M., Bell, J., Brynes, A., Dollery, C., Hajnal, J., Hemingway, H., Mercer, D., Jarman, P., Marshall, R., Prasad, K., Rayson, M., Saeed, N., Talmud, P., Thomas, L., Jubb, M., World, M., and Humphries, S. (1999). Angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and response to physical training. Lancet 353: 541-545.
- Montgomery, H.E., Marshall, R.M., Hemingway, H., Myerson, S., Clarkson, P., Dollery, C., Hayward, M., Holliman, D.E., Jubb, M., World, M., Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Saeed, N., Barnard, M., Bell, J.D., Prasad, K., Rayson, M., Talmud, P.J., & Humphries, S.E. (1998). Human gene for physical performance. Nature, 393, 221–222.
- Montgomery, H.E., Clarkson, P., Dollery, C.M., Prasad, K., Losi, M.A., Hemingway, H., Statters, D., Jubb, M., Girvain, M., Varnava, A., World, M., Deanfield, J., Talmud, P., McEwan, J.R., McKenna, W.J. and Humphries, S. (1997). Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism with change in left ventricular mass in response to physical training. Circulation 96: 741-747.
- Myerson, S., Hemingway, H., Budget, R., Martin, J., Humphries, S., Montgomery, H. (1999). Human angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene and endurance performance. J Appl Physiol 87: 1313-1316.
- Nazarov, I.B., Woods, D.R., Montgomery, H.E., Shneider, O.V., Kazakov, V.I., Tomilin, N.V., & Rogozkin, V.A. (2001) The angiotensin converting enzyme I/D polymorphism in Russian athletes. European Journal of Human Genetics, 9, 797–801.
- Passarge, M. & Passarge, E. (1995). Color Atlas of Genetics. TMP, New York.
- Rankinen, T., Wolfarth, B., Simoneau, J.A., Maier-Lenz, D., Rauramaa, R., Rivera, M.A., Boulay, M.R., Chagnon, Y.C., Perusse, L., Keul, J., Bouchard, C. (2000) No association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and elite endurance athlete status. J Appl Physiol, May;88(5):1571-5.
- Shahmoradi, S., Ahmadalipour, A., Salehi, M. (2014). Evaluation of ACE gene I/D polymorphism in Iranian elite athletes. Adv Biomed Res. 3:207. DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.143242
- Şahin, İ. (2005). Angiotensin Dönüştürücü Enzim (ACE) Gen Polimorfizminin Elit Güreşçiler ve Normal Populasyonda Karşılaştırılması, Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul.
- Taylor, R.R., Mamotte, C.D., Fallon, K., Van Bockxmeer, F.M. (1999) Elite athletes and the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme. J Appl Physiol, 1999;Sep 87:1035–7.
- Thomis, M.A., Huygens, W., Heuninckx, S., Chagnon, M., Maes, H.M.M., Claessens, A.L., Vlietinck, R., Bouchard, C., Buenen, G.P. (2004) Exploration of myostatin polymorphisms and the angiotensin–converting enzyme insertion/deletion genotype in responses of human muscle to strength training. Eur. J. Appl. Phsiol. 2004.
- Woods, D.R., Brull, D., Montgomery, H.E. (2000). Endurance and the ACE I/D polymorphism. Sci Prog 83:317–336.
- Woods, D., Hickman, M., Jamshidi, Y., Brull, D., Vassiliou, V., Jones, A., Humphries, S., Montgomery, H. (2001) Elite swimmers and the D allele of the ACE I/D polymorphism. Hum Genet 108:230–232.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Spor Hekimliği |
| Bölüm | SPOR ve SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 4 Ocak 2016 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 19 Eylül 2015 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2015 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1 |
