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QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH POSTOPERATIVE HYPOTHYROID AND HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS

Year 2023, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 74 - 80, 31.03.2023

Duygu Felek , Gülhan Duman

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.1209398

Abstract

Purpose: The symptoms and findings resulting from thyroid dysfunctions display a picture similar to mood disorders such as depression and anxiety, which are the most common psychiatric disorders in the community. Therefore, this study aims to examine patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis receiving L-thyroxine therapy and euthyroid patients with postoperative hypothyroidism receiving L-thyroxine therapy in terms of their susceptibility to anxiety and depression and the change in their quality of life, as well as determine the role of the thyroid gland in psychosocial life.
Material and method: For evaluating anxiety, depression, and quality of life, Beck depression and Beck anxiety inventories and SF-36 were administered to 120 people (20-80 years old) who were applied to the Department of Endocrinology of XXXX University. 40 of them had developed hypothyroidism after thyroid surgery, 40 were diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis at some point in their life and are now in a euthyroid state after L-thyroxine treatment, and 40 were healthy people in the control group. Data were analyzed on SSPS.
Results: The reasons for these psychosocial effects on individuals were evaluated in multiple ways, such as thyroid dysfunction, having a chronic disease, the idea of constant drug use, the effect of autoimmunity, and endogenous hormone secretion. Thyroidectomy patients' anxiety and depression were higher, and their quality of life was poorer than both Hashimoto thyroiditis patients and the control group (p<0.05). In addition, patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and thyroidectomy had higher anxiety and depression and poorer quality of life than the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It was concluded that patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis are more depressed and anxious and had a lower quality of life than the control group due to the autoimmunity effect. On the other hand, patients with thyroidectomy were psychologically more affected than Hashimoto thyroiditis patients, and their quality of life was poorer due to the lack of endogenous hormone secretion and/or the undiscovered physiological effect of the thyroid gland. It was concluded that maximal protection of the thyroid gland is crucial.

Keywords

Hypothyroidism Thyroidectomy Beck Anxiety Inventory Beck Depression Inventory SF-36

References

  • 1.Jameson JL WA, Tiroid bezi hastalıkları. 15. ed.Harrison İç Hastalıkları Prensipleri, ed. F. A.Braunwald E, Kasper DL. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri& McGraw-Hill Companies. 2061-2069p.,2004.
  • 2.TEMD. Ti̇roi̇d Hastaliklari Tani ve Tedavi̇Kılavuzu.1-245 p.,2019.
  • 3.Klein I. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascularsystem: from theory to practice. J ClinEndocrinol Metab.78(5):1026–7p., 1994.
  • 4.Shafer RB, Prentiss RA, Bond JH.Gastrointestinal transit in thyroid disease.Gastroenterology. 86(5 Pt 1):852-5p.,1984.
  • 5.Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin geçerliliğiüzerine bir çalışma. Psikoloji Dergisi.6: 118-121s., 1988.
  • 6.Aydemir Ö, Köroğlu E, Psikiyatride kullanılanklinik ölçekler. Hekimler Yayın Birliği.93-335s.,2009.
  • 7.Tegin B. Depresyonda bilişsel bozuklukları Beckmodeline göre bir inceleme. Yayınlanmamışdoktora tezi. Hacettepe Universitesi SosyalBilimler Enstitusu, Ankara. 1980.
  • 8.Koçyiğit H, Aydemir Ö, Fişek G, Ölmez N, MemişA.Kısa form-36 (KF-36)’nın Türkçeversiyonunun güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği,romatizmal hastalığı olan bir grup hasta ileçalışma. İlaç ve Tedavi Dergisi.12(2).102-106s.,1999.
  • 9.Hickie I, Bennett B, Mitchell P, Wilhelm K, OrlayW.Clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism inpatients with chronic and treatment-resistantdepression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 30(2).246–252s., 1996.
  • 10.Ordas DM, Labbate LA. Routine screening ofthyroid function in patients hospitalized formajor depression or dysthymia. Ann ClinPsychiatry. 7(4).161–165s., 1995.
  • 11.Sapini Y, Rokiah P, Zuraida Z nor. Thyroiddisorders and psychiatric morbidities. MJPOnline Early (4).1–5s., 2004.
  • 12.Kathol RG, Delahunt JW. The relationship ofanxiety and depression to symptoms ofhyperthyroidism using operational criteria. GenHosp Psychiatry. 8(1):23–28p., 1986.
  • 13.Öztürk O . Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları.Yenilenmiş 8. Basım. Ankara, FeryalMatbaası,2001.
  • 14.Koçak P. Tiroid Bozukluklarında Stres VerenYaşam Olaylarının Önemi ve Birlikte GörülenPsikiyatrik Bozuklukların TedavisindeEndokrinolojik Tedaviyle Birlikte VerilenPsikiyatrik Tedavinin yeri. Uzmanlık Tezi,İstanbul, 1997.
  • 15.Katon W. Depression: Somatic symptoms andmedical disorders in primary care. Compr Felek et al / Cumhuriyet Medical Journal, 45(1): 74-80,2023 Psychiatry. 23(3).274–287s., 1982.
  • 16.Rogers MP, White K, Warshaw MG, Yonkers KA,Rodriguez-Villa F, Chang G, et al. Prevalence ofmedical illness in patients with anxietydisorders. Int J Psychiatry Med. 24(1).83–96s.,1994.
  • 17.Demir G, Ünsal A, Gürol G, Çoban A.Huzurevinde ve evde yaşayan yaşlılardadepresyon yaygınlığının karşılaştırılması.2(1):1–12s., 2013
  • 18.Karaman D, Topal K. Huzurevinde kalanyaşlılarda malnütrisyon , depresyon ve yaşamkalitesi üzerine etki eden faktörlerinbelirlenmesi. 545–553s., 2019.
  • 19.Des Lauriers A, Baruch P, Vindreau C, Jouvent R,Widlöcher D. Depressions Resistant toTrycyclici Antidepressive Treatment andHypothyroidism. Ann Med Interne Paris 138(2).119-122p,. 1987
  • 20.Jorde R, Waterloo K, Storhaug H, Nyrnes A,Sundsfjord J, Jenssen TG. Neuropsychologicalfunction and symptoms in subjects withsubclinical hypothyroidism and the effect ofthyroxine treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.91(1). 145–153p., 2006.
  • 21.Gulseren S, Gulseren L, Hekimsoy Z, Cetinay P,Ozen C, Tokatlioglu B. Depression, anxiety,health-related quality of life, and disability inpatients with overt and subclinical thyroiddysfunction. Arch Med Res. 37(1).133–139p.,2006
  • 22.Schäffler A. Substitutionstherapie nachoperationen an schilddrüse und nebenschilddrüsen. Dtsch Arztebl. 107(47).824–834p., 2010.
  • 23.Lombardi CP, Bocale R, Barini A, Barini A,D’Amore A, Boscherini M, et al. Comparativestudy between the effects of replacementtherapy with liquid and tablet formulations oflevothyroxine on mood states, self-perceivedpsychological well-being and thyroid hormoneprofile in recently thyroidectomized patients.55(1). 51–59p., 2017.
  • 24.Ito M, Miyauchi A, Kang S, Hisakado M, YoshiokaW.Effect of the presence of remnant thyroidtissue on the serum thyroid hormone balance inthyroidectomized patients. 3(3). 2015.
  • 25.Ito M, Miyauchi A, Morita S, Kudo T, Nishihara E,Kihara M, et al. TSH- suppressive doses of levothyroxine are required to achieve preoperative native serum triiodothyronine levels in patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy. 3. 373–378p., 2012.
  • 26.Gullo D, Latina A, Frasca F, Moli R Le, PellegritiG,Vigneri R. Levothyroxine Monotherapy CannotGuarantee Euthyroidism in All AthyreoticPatients. 6(8).4–10p., 2011.
  • 27.Winther KH, Cramon P, Watt T, Bjorner JB,Ekholm O, Feldt-Rasmussen U, et al. Disease-specific as well as generic quality oflife is widely impacted in autoimmunehypothyroidism and improves during the first sixmonths of levothyroxine therapy. 11(6). 1–12s,.2016
  • 28.Quinque EM, Villringer A, Kratzsch J, Karger S.Patient-reported outcomes in adequatelytreated hypothyroidism – insights from theGerman versions of ThyDQoL , ThySRQ and ThyTSQ. 1–12s., 2013.
  • 29.McMillan C V., Bradley C, Woodcock A, Razvi S,Weaver JU. Design of new questionnaires tomeasure quality of life and treatment satisfactionin hypothyroidism. Thyroid. 14(11). 916–925p.,2004.
  • 30.Samuels MH, Kolobova I, Niederhausen M,Janowsky JS, Schuff KG. Effects of Altering Levothyroxine (L-T4) Doses on Qualityof Life, Mood, and Cognition in L-T4 TreatedSubjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 103(5). 2018 80

Year 2023, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 74 - 80, 31.03.2023

Duygu Felek , Gülhan Duman

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.1209398

Abstract

Keywords

Hypothyroidism Thyroidectomy Beck Anxiety Inventory Beck Depression Inventory SF-36

Thanks

Makalede istatistik alanındaki desteğinden dolayı Prof. Dr. Ziynet Çınar ‘a teşekkür ederim.

References

  • 1.Jameson JL WA, Tiroid bezi hastalıkları. 15. ed.Harrison İç Hastalıkları Prensipleri, ed. F. A.Braunwald E, Kasper DL. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri& McGraw-Hill Companies. 2061-2069p.,2004.
  • 2.TEMD. Ti̇roi̇d Hastaliklari Tani ve Tedavi̇Kılavuzu.1-245 p.,2019.
  • 3.Klein I. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascularsystem: from theory to practice. J ClinEndocrinol Metab.78(5):1026–7p., 1994.
  • 4.Shafer RB, Prentiss RA, Bond JH.Gastrointestinal transit in thyroid disease.Gastroenterology. 86(5 Pt 1):852-5p.,1984.
  • 5.Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin geçerliliğiüzerine bir çalışma. Psikoloji Dergisi.6: 118-121s., 1988.
  • 6.Aydemir Ö, Köroğlu E, Psikiyatride kullanılanklinik ölçekler. Hekimler Yayın Birliği.93-335s.,2009.
  • 7.Tegin B. Depresyonda bilişsel bozuklukları Beckmodeline göre bir inceleme. Yayınlanmamışdoktora tezi. Hacettepe Universitesi SosyalBilimler Enstitusu, Ankara. 1980.
  • 8.Koçyiğit H, Aydemir Ö, Fişek G, Ölmez N, MemişA.Kısa form-36 (KF-36)’nın Türkçeversiyonunun güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği,romatizmal hastalığı olan bir grup hasta ileçalışma. İlaç ve Tedavi Dergisi.12(2).102-106s.,1999.
  • 9.Hickie I, Bennett B, Mitchell P, Wilhelm K, OrlayW.Clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism inpatients with chronic and treatment-resistantdepression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 30(2).246–252s., 1996.
  • 10.Ordas DM, Labbate LA. Routine screening ofthyroid function in patients hospitalized formajor depression or dysthymia. Ann ClinPsychiatry. 7(4).161–165s., 1995.
  • 11.Sapini Y, Rokiah P, Zuraida Z nor. Thyroiddisorders and psychiatric morbidities. MJPOnline Early (4).1–5s., 2004.
  • 12.Kathol RG, Delahunt JW. The relationship ofanxiety and depression to symptoms ofhyperthyroidism using operational criteria. GenHosp Psychiatry. 8(1):23–28p., 1986.
  • 13.Öztürk O . Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları.Yenilenmiş 8. Basım. Ankara, FeryalMatbaası,2001.
  • 14.Koçak P. Tiroid Bozukluklarında Stres VerenYaşam Olaylarının Önemi ve Birlikte GörülenPsikiyatrik Bozuklukların TedavisindeEndokrinolojik Tedaviyle Birlikte VerilenPsikiyatrik Tedavinin yeri. Uzmanlık Tezi,İstanbul, 1997.
  • 15.Katon W. Depression: Somatic symptoms andmedical disorders in primary care. Compr Felek et al / Cumhuriyet Medical Journal, 45(1): 74-80,2023 Psychiatry. 23(3).274–287s., 1982.
  • 16.Rogers MP, White K, Warshaw MG, Yonkers KA,Rodriguez-Villa F, Chang G, et al. Prevalence ofmedical illness in patients with anxietydisorders. Int J Psychiatry Med. 24(1).83–96s.,1994.
  • 17.Demir G, Ünsal A, Gürol G, Çoban A.Huzurevinde ve evde yaşayan yaşlılardadepresyon yaygınlığının karşılaştırılması.2(1):1–12s., 2013
  • 18.Karaman D, Topal K. Huzurevinde kalanyaşlılarda malnütrisyon , depresyon ve yaşamkalitesi üzerine etki eden faktörlerinbelirlenmesi. 545–553s., 2019.
  • 19.Des Lauriers A, Baruch P, Vindreau C, Jouvent R,Widlöcher D. Depressions Resistant toTrycyclici Antidepressive Treatment andHypothyroidism. Ann Med Interne Paris 138(2).119-122p,. 1987
  • 20.Jorde R, Waterloo K, Storhaug H, Nyrnes A,Sundsfjord J, Jenssen TG. Neuropsychologicalfunction and symptoms in subjects withsubclinical hypothyroidism and the effect ofthyroxine treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.91(1). 145–153p., 2006.
  • 21.Gulseren S, Gulseren L, Hekimsoy Z, Cetinay P,Ozen C, Tokatlioglu B. Depression, anxiety,health-related quality of life, and disability inpatients with overt and subclinical thyroiddysfunction. Arch Med Res. 37(1).133–139p.,2006
  • 22.Schäffler A. Substitutionstherapie nachoperationen an schilddrüse und nebenschilddrüsen. Dtsch Arztebl. 107(47).824–834p., 2010.
  • 23.Lombardi CP, Bocale R, Barini A, Barini A,D’Amore A, Boscherini M, et al. Comparativestudy between the effects of replacementtherapy with liquid and tablet formulations oflevothyroxine on mood states, self-perceivedpsychological well-being and thyroid hormoneprofile in recently thyroidectomized patients.55(1). 51–59p., 2017.
  • 24.Ito M, Miyauchi A, Kang S, Hisakado M, YoshiokaW.Effect of the presence of remnant thyroidtissue on the serum thyroid hormone balance inthyroidectomized patients. 3(3). 2015.
  • 25.Ito M, Miyauchi A, Morita S, Kudo T, Nishihara E,Kihara M, et al. TSH- suppressive doses of levothyroxine are required to achieve preoperative native serum triiodothyronine levels in patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy. 3. 373–378p., 2012.
  • 26.Gullo D, Latina A, Frasca F, Moli R Le, PellegritiG,Vigneri R. Levothyroxine Monotherapy CannotGuarantee Euthyroidism in All AthyreoticPatients. 6(8).4–10p., 2011.
  • 27.Winther KH, Cramon P, Watt T, Bjorner JB,Ekholm O, Feldt-Rasmussen U, et al. Disease-specific as well as generic quality oflife is widely impacted in autoimmunehypothyroidism and improves during the first sixmonths of levothyroxine therapy. 11(6). 1–12s,.2016
  • 28.Quinque EM, Villringer A, Kratzsch J, Karger S.Patient-reported outcomes in adequatelytreated hypothyroidism – insights from theGerman versions of ThyDQoL , ThySRQ and ThyTSQ. 1–12s., 2013.
  • 29.McMillan C V., Bradley C, Woodcock A, Razvi S,Weaver JU. Design of new questionnaires tomeasure quality of life and treatment satisfactionin hypothyroidism. Thyroid. 14(11). 916–925p.,2004.
  • 30.Samuels MH, Kolobova I, Niederhausen M,Janowsky JS, Schuff KG. Effects of Altering Levothyroxine (L-T4) Doses on Qualityof Life, Mood, and Cognition in L-T4 TreatedSubjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 103(5). 2018 80
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Medical Science Research Articles
Authors

Duygu Felek 0000-0002-7689-4552

Gülhan Duman 0000-0002-4057-5701

Publication Date March 31, 2023
Acceptance Date March 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 45 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Felek D, Duman G. QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH POSTOPERATIVE HYPOTHYROID AND HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS. CMJ. March 2023;45(1):74-80. doi:10.7197/cmj.1209398
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