Laparoscopic management of the advanced and rectovaginal endometriosis with gastrointestinal involvement: A review of the current literature
Abstract
Abstract
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial gland and stromal tissue outside the uterus with a potentially invasive nature despite being a benign disease process. The exact prevalence of the disease is not known but 10-15% of reproductive age women are affected. The peritoneal and rectovaginal endometriosis are two distinct entities of the disease with different symptoms and treatment strategies. Dyschezia and deep dyspareunia with nodularity on sacrouterine ligaments during rectovaginal examination are specific symptoms of deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Rectovaginal or bowel involvement is estimated to be present in 5 to 12 percent of women with endometriosis and the most common site is the rectosigmoid colon. Medical treatment of DIE with colorectal involvement results with symptomatic relief without any curative effect on endometriotic foci. Colorectal endometriosis treatment is a major challenge for the clinicians when incidentally encountered during a diagnostic laparoscopy. As randomised controlled studies comparing medical with surgical treatment for rectovaginal or bowel endometriosis are lacking; the impact of the surgical treatment modalities on clinical improvement of the symptoms, complications, recurrence and pregnancy rates is not known. Current literature indicates that, patients without bowel occlusion and/ or rectal bleeding with mucosal involvement caused by DIE should be treated with conservative technique specifically described as “shaving” method that have lower complication and recurrence rates than the invasive technique including bowel resection and anastomosis.
Keywords: Laparoscopy, gastrointestinal, rectovaginal, bowel endometriosis, surgical treatment
Özet
Endometriozis iyi huylu bir hastalık prosesi olmasına rağmen endometrial gland ve stromanın uterus dışında potansiyel olarak invazif bir davranışla bulunmasıdır. Hastalığın kesin prevelansı bilinmemektedir fakat üreme çaındaki kadınların yaklaşık %10-15’i etkilenmiştir. Peritoneal ve rektovajinal endometriozis hastalığın farklı semptom ve tedavi stratejileri olan iki ayrı antitesidir. Rektovajinal muayene sırasında sakrouterin ligamentlerde nodülarite ile beraber diskezi ve derin disparanü derin infiltratif endometriozisin (DİE) spesifik semptomlarıdır. Endometriozisli hastaların yaklaşık %5-12’sinde rektovajinal veya barsak tutulumu mevcut olduğu tahmin edilmektedir ve en sık tutulan bölge rektosigmoid kolondur. Kolorektal tutumlu DİE’nin tıbbi tedavisi endometriotik odaklar üzerinde herhangi bir küratif etki etmeden semptomatik rahatlama sağlar. Tanısal bir laparoskopi sırasında tesadüfen saptandığında kolorektal endometriozis tedavisi klinisyenler için major bir sorundur. Rektovajinal veya barsak endometriozisinin medikal ve cerrahi tedavisini birbiri ile karşılaştıran randomize kontrollü çalışmalar olmadığı için cerrahi tedavi modalitelerinin semptomlarda klinik düzelme, komplikasyonlar, rekürrens ve gebelik oranları üzerine etkisi bilinememektedir. Güncel literatüre göre, barsak oklüzyonu ve/ veya rektal kanama olmadan mukozal tutulum olan DİE vakaları invazif bir teknik olan barsak rezeksiyonu ve anastomozundan daha düşük komplikasyon ve rekürrens oranlarına sahip olduğundan dolayı özel olarak “traşlama” adı verilen konservatif bir teknikle tedavi edilmelidirler.
Anahtar sözcükler: Laparoskopi, gastrointestinal, rektovajinal, barsak endmetriozisi, cerrahi tedavi
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
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Journal Section
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Authors
Publication Date
June 27, 2014
Submission Date
December 1, 2013
Acceptance Date
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Published in Issue
Year 2014 Volume: 36 Number: 2