The Effects of Daily Repeated Magnetic Field on S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-DL penicillamine Induced Hyperalgesia
Abstract
Abstract
Aim. The treatment of pain has been one of the most important objectives of medicine. We aimed to investigate antinociceptive effects and mechanisms of magnetic field (MF) on the hyperalgesia produced by S-Nitroso N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP). Method. Study has been made in two sections. In the first section, rats were divided four groups (six in each). The first group was determined as sham group and administrated 0.3 mL, 0.9% NaCl intraperitoneally (i.p) before assessing tail flick latencies (TFLs) (Sham group). In the second group, 2 mg/kg SNAP administrated i.p. and TFLs were assessed at the same time points with first group (SNAP group). In the third group, rats were repeatedly exposed to MF for 6 consecutive days (MF group). In the fourth group, SNAP was administrated i.p everyday shortly before MF exposure (SNAP+MF group). In the second section, animals divided to the same groups with the first section. Same procedures have been performed with the first section groups and blood samples were collected to determine plasma levels of β-endorphin and substance P. Results. SNAP (2 mg/kg) produced hyperalgesic effect with i.p. administration. MF application (5 mT and 165 min per day) produced a strong antinociception in Days 3 and 4. Tail flick values of SNAP+MF in Days 3 and 4 were found to be significantly low as compared to MF and Sham groups. In SNAP group, substance P levels were found to be significantly high. Plasma β-endorphin levels in MF and SNAP+MF groups were significantly high as compared to the Sham group. Conclusion. MF may be an alternative antinociceptive approach for pain treatment. There is need for further studies to overcome the tolerance to antinociceptive effects of MF.
Keywords: Hyperalgesia, magnetic field, snap, substance p, β-endorphin, tail flick
Özet
Amaç. Ağrı tedavisi tıbbın en önemli hedeflerinden biridir. Bu araştırmada manyetik alan uygulamasının S-Nitroso N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) tarafından oluşturulan ağrı üzerindeki etkilerini ve etki mekanizmasını araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem. Çalışma iki kısım olacak şekilde tasarlandı. Birindi kısımda hayvanlar her birinde altı hayvan olacak şekilde 4 gruba bölündü. Birinci grup sham grubu olarak belirlendi ve bu hayvanlara 0,3 mL %0,9 NaCl tail flick latensleri ölçülmeden once uygulandı. İkinci gruba (SNAP grubu) 2 mg/kg SNAP i.p. olarak enjekte edildi ve sham grubu ile aynı zaman noktalarında tail flick ölçümleri yapıldı. Üçüncü grup (MF grubu) tekrarlayan altı gün boyunca manyetik alana maruz bırakıldı. Dördüncü grupta (SNAP+MF) hayvanlara manyetik alan uygulaması yapılmadan hemen önce 2 mg/kg SNAP i.p. olarak uygulandı. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında ratlardan kan örnekleri alınarak kanlarında supstance p ve B-endorfin seviyelerine ELISA yöntemi ile bakıldı. Bulgular. SNAP (2 mg/kg) anlamlı bir hiperaljezi meydana getirerek tail flick latenleslerini kısalttı. Manyeteik alan uygulaması (5 mT ve 165 dakika/gün) özellikle 3. ve 4. günlerde anlamlı bir analjezi meydana getirdi. SNAP grubunda substance p seviyeleri yüksek bulunurken, manyetik alan grubunda B-endorfin seviyelerinin yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç. Bu sonuçlar manyetik alan uygulamasının ağrı tedavisinde alternatif bir yaklaşım olabileceğini göstermektedir. Fakat bu yöntemin kullanılabilmesi için gelişen toleransın üstesinden gelmenin yollarının bulunması ve bunun içinde ileri araştırmalara gereksinim vardır.
Anahtar sözcükler: Hiperaljezi, manyetik alan, snap, p maddesi, β-endorfin, tail flick
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
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Journal Section
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Publication Date
September 30, 2014
Submission Date
December 10, 2013
Acceptance Date
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Published in Issue
Year 2014 Volume: 36 Number: 3