Research Article
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Year 2019, , 691 - 697, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.vi.551051

Abstract

References

  • 1. Biondi B, Cooper DS: The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Endocr.Rev. 2008; 29: 76-131
  • 2. Salerno M, Capalbo D, Cerbone M, De LF: Subclinical hypothyroidism in childhood - current knowledge and open issues. Nat.Rev.Endocrinol. 2016; 12: 734-46
  • 3. Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, Witteman JC: Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann.Intern.Med. 2000; 132: 270-8
  • 4. Diekman T, Lansberg PJ, Kastelein JJ, Wiersinga WM: Prevalence and correction of hypothyroidism in a large cohort of patients referred for dyslipidemia. Arch.Intern.Med. 1995; 155: 1490-5
  • 5. Staub JJ, Althaus BU, Engler H, Ryff AS, Trabucco P, Marquardt K, Burckhardt D, Girard J, Weintraub BD: Spectrum of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism: effect on thyrotropin, prolactin, and thyroid reserve, and metabolic impact on peripheral target tissues. Am.J.Med. 1992; 92: 631-42
  • 6. Jabbar A, Pingitore A, Pearce SH, Zaman A, Iervasi G, Razvi S: Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular disease. Nat.Rev.Cardiol. 2017; 14: 39-55
  • 7. Bossowski A, Sawicka B, Szalecki M, Koput A, Wysocka J, Zelazowska-Rutkowska B: Analysis of serum adiponectin, resistin and leptin levels in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroid disorders. J.Pediatr.Endocrinol.Metab 2010; 23: 369-77
  • 8. Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Garg MK, Kanwar R, Sastry A, Narang A, Arora S, Bhadra K: Dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroidism in an Indian population. Clin.Biochem. 2011; 44: 1214-7
  • 9. Reinehr T: Thyroid function in the nutritionally obese child and adolescent. Curr.Opin.Pediatr. 2011; 23: 415-20
  • 10. Vigone MC, Capalbo D, Weber G, Salerno M: Mild Hypothyroidism in Childhood: Who, When, and How Should Be Treated? J.Endocr.Soc. 2018; 2: 1024-39
  • 11. Bundak R, Furman A, Gunoz H, Darendeliler F, Bas F, Neyzi O: Body mass index references for Turkish children. Acta Paediatr. 2006; 95: 194-8
  • 12. Conwell LS, Trost SG, Brown WJ, Batch JA: Indexes of insulin resistance and secretion in obese children and adolescents: a validation study. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 314-9
  • 13. Shen S, Lu Y, Qi H, Li F, Shen Z, Wu L, Yang C, Wang L, Shui K, Wang Y, Qiang D, Yun J, Weng X: Association between ideal cardiovascular health and the atherogenic index of plasma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95: e3866
  • 14. Ormazabal V, Nair S, Elfeky O, Aguayo C, Salomon C, Zuniga FA: Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc.Diabetol. 2018; 17: 122
  • 15. Brenta G: Why can insulin resistance be a natural consequence of thyroid dysfunction? J.Thyroid Res. 2011; 2011: 152850
  • 16. Souza LL, Guedes EP, Teixeira PF, Moreira RO, Godoy-Matos AF, Vaisman M: Serum TSH levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese adolescents. J.Pediatr.(Rio J.) 2016; 92: 532-8
  • 17. Nader NS, Bahn RS, Johnson MD, Weaver AL, Singh R, Kumar S: Relationships between thyroid function and lipid status or insulin resistance in a pediatric population. Thyroid 2010; 20: 1333-9
  • 18. Cerbone M, Capalbo D, Wasniewska M, Mattace RG, Alfano S, Meli R, De LF, Salerno M: Cardiovascular risk factors in children with long-standing untreated idiopathic subclinical hypothyroidism. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab 2014; 99: 2697-703
  • 19. Kaltenbach TE, Graeter T, Oeztuerk S, Holzner D, Kratzer W, Wabitsch M, Denzer C: Thyroid dysfunction and hepatic steatosis in overweight children and adolescents. Pediatr.Obes. 2017; 12: 67-74
  • 20. Pacifico L, Bonci E, Ferraro F, Andreoli G, Bascetta S, Chiesa C: Hepatic steatosis and thyroid function tests in overweight and obese children. Int.J.Endocrinol. 2013; 2013: 381014
  • 21. Walsh JP: Setpoints and susceptibility: do small differences in thyroid function really matter? Clin.Endocrinol.(Oxf) 2011; 75: 158-9
  • 22. Dahl M, Ohrt JD, Fonvig CE, Kloppenborg JT, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Holm JC: Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Danish Lean and Obese Children and Adolescents. J.Clin.Res.Pediatr.Endocrinol. 2017; 9: 8-16
  • 23. Zhang J, Jiang R, Li L, Li P, Li X, Wang Z, Li L, Teng W: Serum thyrotropin is positively correlated with the metabolic syndrome components of obesity and dyslipidemia in chinese adolescents. Int.J.Endocrinol. 2014; 2014: 289503
  • 24. Neovius MG, Linne YM, Barkeling BS, Rossner SO: Sensitivity and specificity of classification systems for fatness in adolescents. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 2004; 80: 597-603
  • 25. Han JC, Lawlor DA, Kimm SY: Childhood obesity. Lancet 2010; 375: 1737-48
  • 26. Neovius M, Rossner SM, Vagstrand K, von Hausswolff-Juhlin YL, Hoffstedt J, Ekelund U: Adiposity measures as indicators of metabolic risk factors in adolescents. Obes.Facts. 2009; 2: 294-301
  • 27. Reinehr T, Isa A, de SG, Dieffenbach R, Andler W: Thyroid hormones and their relation to weight status. Horm.Res. 2008; 70: 51-7
  • 28. Wolters B, Lass N, Reinehr T: TSH and free triiodothyronine concentrations are associated with weight loss in a lifestyle intervention and weight regain afterwards in obese children. Eur.J.Endocrinol. 2013; 168: 323-9

The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in obese children and adolescents and its effects on metabolic parameters

Year 2019, , 691 - 697, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.vi.551051

Abstract

Objective: To compare cardiovascular risk factors in obese
patients with or without
Subclinical
Hypothyroidism (SH)
,
also to estimate the prevalence of SH in obese children and adolescents.



Method: A total of 226 obese children and adolescents aged
6-18 years were included in the study. Two groups were created as euthyroid
group (n=195) and SH group (n=31). A
fter an 8-12 hour overnight fasting, serum
blood glucose, insulin, HDL, LDL, cholesterol, triglyceride TSH, free T4, ALT,
AST levels were measured. HOMA-IR and atherogenic index (AI) were calculated.



Results: Prevalence of SH was estimated as 14.1 %. The values
of fasting glucose, fasting insülin, ALT, AST, TSH, HOMA-IR levels were
significantly higher ın SH group than euthyroid group. There was a positive
correlation between TSH and fasting glucose, insülin, triglyceride, ALT, AST,
HOMA-IR, AI. It was also demonstrated that the TSH level was significantly and
independently related to HOMA-IR value ın multiple regression analysis
(p=0.001).



Conclusions: Obese
patients with SH may be more susceptible to metabolic complications than
euthyroid subjects.

References

  • 1. Biondi B, Cooper DS: The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Endocr.Rev. 2008; 29: 76-131
  • 2. Salerno M, Capalbo D, Cerbone M, De LF: Subclinical hypothyroidism in childhood - current knowledge and open issues. Nat.Rev.Endocrinol. 2016; 12: 734-46
  • 3. Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, Witteman JC: Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann.Intern.Med. 2000; 132: 270-8
  • 4. Diekman T, Lansberg PJ, Kastelein JJ, Wiersinga WM: Prevalence and correction of hypothyroidism in a large cohort of patients referred for dyslipidemia. Arch.Intern.Med. 1995; 155: 1490-5
  • 5. Staub JJ, Althaus BU, Engler H, Ryff AS, Trabucco P, Marquardt K, Burckhardt D, Girard J, Weintraub BD: Spectrum of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism: effect on thyrotropin, prolactin, and thyroid reserve, and metabolic impact on peripheral target tissues. Am.J.Med. 1992; 92: 631-42
  • 6. Jabbar A, Pingitore A, Pearce SH, Zaman A, Iervasi G, Razvi S: Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular disease. Nat.Rev.Cardiol. 2017; 14: 39-55
  • 7. Bossowski A, Sawicka B, Szalecki M, Koput A, Wysocka J, Zelazowska-Rutkowska B: Analysis of serum adiponectin, resistin and leptin levels in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroid disorders. J.Pediatr.Endocrinol.Metab 2010; 23: 369-77
  • 8. Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Garg MK, Kanwar R, Sastry A, Narang A, Arora S, Bhadra K: Dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroidism in an Indian population. Clin.Biochem. 2011; 44: 1214-7
  • 9. Reinehr T: Thyroid function in the nutritionally obese child and adolescent. Curr.Opin.Pediatr. 2011; 23: 415-20
  • 10. Vigone MC, Capalbo D, Weber G, Salerno M: Mild Hypothyroidism in Childhood: Who, When, and How Should Be Treated? J.Endocr.Soc. 2018; 2: 1024-39
  • 11. Bundak R, Furman A, Gunoz H, Darendeliler F, Bas F, Neyzi O: Body mass index references for Turkish children. Acta Paediatr. 2006; 95: 194-8
  • 12. Conwell LS, Trost SG, Brown WJ, Batch JA: Indexes of insulin resistance and secretion in obese children and adolescents: a validation study. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 314-9
  • 13. Shen S, Lu Y, Qi H, Li F, Shen Z, Wu L, Yang C, Wang L, Shui K, Wang Y, Qiang D, Yun J, Weng X: Association between ideal cardiovascular health and the atherogenic index of plasma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95: e3866
  • 14. Ormazabal V, Nair S, Elfeky O, Aguayo C, Salomon C, Zuniga FA: Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc.Diabetol. 2018; 17: 122
  • 15. Brenta G: Why can insulin resistance be a natural consequence of thyroid dysfunction? J.Thyroid Res. 2011; 2011: 152850
  • 16. Souza LL, Guedes EP, Teixeira PF, Moreira RO, Godoy-Matos AF, Vaisman M: Serum TSH levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese adolescents. J.Pediatr.(Rio J.) 2016; 92: 532-8
  • 17. Nader NS, Bahn RS, Johnson MD, Weaver AL, Singh R, Kumar S: Relationships between thyroid function and lipid status or insulin resistance in a pediatric population. Thyroid 2010; 20: 1333-9
  • 18. Cerbone M, Capalbo D, Wasniewska M, Mattace RG, Alfano S, Meli R, De LF, Salerno M: Cardiovascular risk factors in children with long-standing untreated idiopathic subclinical hypothyroidism. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab 2014; 99: 2697-703
  • 19. Kaltenbach TE, Graeter T, Oeztuerk S, Holzner D, Kratzer W, Wabitsch M, Denzer C: Thyroid dysfunction and hepatic steatosis in overweight children and adolescents. Pediatr.Obes. 2017; 12: 67-74
  • 20. Pacifico L, Bonci E, Ferraro F, Andreoli G, Bascetta S, Chiesa C: Hepatic steatosis and thyroid function tests in overweight and obese children. Int.J.Endocrinol. 2013; 2013: 381014
  • 21. Walsh JP: Setpoints and susceptibility: do small differences in thyroid function really matter? Clin.Endocrinol.(Oxf) 2011; 75: 158-9
  • 22. Dahl M, Ohrt JD, Fonvig CE, Kloppenborg JT, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Holm JC: Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Danish Lean and Obese Children and Adolescents. J.Clin.Res.Pediatr.Endocrinol. 2017; 9: 8-16
  • 23. Zhang J, Jiang R, Li L, Li P, Li X, Wang Z, Li L, Teng W: Serum thyrotropin is positively correlated with the metabolic syndrome components of obesity and dyslipidemia in chinese adolescents. Int.J.Endocrinol. 2014; 2014: 289503
  • 24. Neovius MG, Linne YM, Barkeling BS, Rossner SO: Sensitivity and specificity of classification systems for fatness in adolescents. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 2004; 80: 597-603
  • 25. Han JC, Lawlor DA, Kimm SY: Childhood obesity. Lancet 2010; 375: 1737-48
  • 26. Neovius M, Rossner SM, Vagstrand K, von Hausswolff-Juhlin YL, Hoffstedt J, Ekelund U: Adiposity measures as indicators of metabolic risk factors in adolescents. Obes.Facts. 2009; 2: 294-301
  • 27. Reinehr T, Isa A, de SG, Dieffenbach R, Andler W: Thyroid hormones and their relation to weight status. Horm.Res. 2008; 70: 51-7
  • 28. Wolters B, Lass N, Reinehr T: TSH and free triiodothyronine concentrations are associated with weight loss in a lifestyle intervention and weight regain afterwards in obese children. Eur.J.Endocrinol. 2013; 168: 323-9
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Medical Science Research Articles
Authors

Nurullah Çelik 0000-0003-1583-6807

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Acceptance Date December 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

AMA Çelik N. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in obese children and adolescents and its effects on metabolic parameters. CMJ. December 2019;41(4):691-697. doi:10.7197/cmj.vi.551051