Research Article
Year 2019,
, 691 - 697, 31.12.2019
Abstract
References
- 1. Biondi B, Cooper DS: The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Endocr.Rev. 2008; 29: 76-131
- 2. Salerno M, Capalbo D, Cerbone M, De LF: Subclinical hypothyroidism in childhood - current knowledge and open issues. Nat.Rev.Endocrinol. 2016; 12: 734-46
- 3. Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, Witteman JC: Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann.Intern.Med. 2000; 132: 270-8
- 4. Diekman T, Lansberg PJ, Kastelein JJ, Wiersinga WM: Prevalence and correction of hypothyroidism in a large cohort of patients referred for dyslipidemia. Arch.Intern.Med. 1995; 155: 1490-5
- 5. Staub JJ, Althaus BU, Engler H, Ryff AS, Trabucco P, Marquardt K, Burckhardt D, Girard J, Weintraub BD: Spectrum of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism: effect on thyrotropin, prolactin, and thyroid reserve, and metabolic impact on peripheral target tissues. Am.J.Med. 1992; 92: 631-42
- 6. Jabbar A, Pingitore A, Pearce SH, Zaman A, Iervasi G, Razvi S: Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular disease. Nat.Rev.Cardiol. 2017; 14: 39-55
- 7. Bossowski A, Sawicka B, Szalecki M, Koput A, Wysocka J, Zelazowska-Rutkowska B: Analysis of serum adiponectin, resistin and leptin levels in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroid disorders. J.Pediatr.Endocrinol.Metab 2010; 23: 369-77
- 8. Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Garg MK, Kanwar R, Sastry A, Narang A, Arora S, Bhadra K: Dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroidism in an Indian population. Clin.Biochem. 2011; 44: 1214-7
- 9. Reinehr T: Thyroid function in the nutritionally obese child and adolescent. Curr.Opin.Pediatr. 2011; 23: 415-20
- 10. Vigone MC, Capalbo D, Weber G, Salerno M: Mild Hypothyroidism in Childhood: Who, When, and How Should Be Treated? J.Endocr.Soc. 2018; 2: 1024-39
- 11. Bundak R, Furman A, Gunoz H, Darendeliler F, Bas F, Neyzi O: Body mass index references for Turkish children. Acta Paediatr. 2006; 95: 194-8
- 12. Conwell LS, Trost SG, Brown WJ, Batch JA: Indexes of insulin resistance and secretion in obese children and adolescents: a validation study. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 314-9
- 13. Shen S, Lu Y, Qi H, Li F, Shen Z, Wu L, Yang C, Wang L, Shui K, Wang Y, Qiang D, Yun J, Weng X: Association between ideal cardiovascular health and the atherogenic index of plasma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95: e3866
- 14. Ormazabal V, Nair S, Elfeky O, Aguayo C, Salomon C, Zuniga FA: Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc.Diabetol. 2018; 17: 122
- 15. Brenta G: Why can insulin resistance be a natural consequence of thyroid dysfunction? J.Thyroid Res. 2011; 2011: 152850
- 16. Souza LL, Guedes EP, Teixeira PF, Moreira RO, Godoy-Matos AF, Vaisman M: Serum TSH levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese adolescents. J.Pediatr.(Rio J.) 2016; 92: 532-8
- 17. Nader NS, Bahn RS, Johnson MD, Weaver AL, Singh R, Kumar S: Relationships between thyroid function and lipid status or insulin resistance in a pediatric population. Thyroid 2010; 20: 1333-9
- 18. Cerbone M, Capalbo D, Wasniewska M, Mattace RG, Alfano S, Meli R, De LF, Salerno M: Cardiovascular risk factors in children with long-standing untreated idiopathic subclinical hypothyroidism. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab 2014; 99: 2697-703
- 19. Kaltenbach TE, Graeter T, Oeztuerk S, Holzner D, Kratzer W, Wabitsch M, Denzer C: Thyroid dysfunction and hepatic steatosis in overweight children and adolescents. Pediatr.Obes. 2017; 12: 67-74
- 20. Pacifico L, Bonci E, Ferraro F, Andreoli G, Bascetta S, Chiesa C: Hepatic steatosis and thyroid function tests in overweight and obese children. Int.J.Endocrinol. 2013; 2013: 381014
- 21. Walsh JP: Setpoints and susceptibility: do small differences in thyroid function really matter? Clin.Endocrinol.(Oxf) 2011; 75: 158-9
- 22. Dahl M, Ohrt JD, Fonvig CE, Kloppenborg JT, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Holm JC: Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Danish Lean and Obese Children and Adolescents. J.Clin.Res.Pediatr.Endocrinol. 2017; 9: 8-16
- 23. Zhang J, Jiang R, Li L, Li P, Li X, Wang Z, Li L, Teng W: Serum thyrotropin is positively correlated with the metabolic syndrome components of obesity and dyslipidemia in chinese adolescents. Int.J.Endocrinol. 2014; 2014: 289503
- 24. Neovius MG, Linne YM, Barkeling BS, Rossner SO: Sensitivity and specificity of classification systems for fatness in adolescents. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 2004; 80: 597-603
- 25. Han JC, Lawlor DA, Kimm SY: Childhood obesity. Lancet 2010; 375: 1737-48
- 26. Neovius M, Rossner SM, Vagstrand K, von Hausswolff-Juhlin YL, Hoffstedt J, Ekelund U: Adiposity measures as indicators of metabolic risk factors in adolescents. Obes.Facts. 2009; 2: 294-301
- 27. Reinehr T, Isa A, de SG, Dieffenbach R, Andler W: Thyroid hormones and their relation to weight status. Horm.Res. 2008; 70: 51-7
- 28. Wolters B, Lass N, Reinehr T: TSH and free triiodothyronine concentrations are associated with weight loss in a lifestyle intervention and weight regain afterwards in obese children. Eur.J.Endocrinol. 2013; 168: 323-9
The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in obese children and adolescents and its effects on metabolic parameters
Abstract
Objective: To compare cardiovascular risk factors in obese
patients with or without Subclinical
Hypothyroidism (SH),
also to estimate the prevalence of SH in obese children and adolescents.
Method: A total of 226 obese children and adolescents aged
6-18 years were included in the study. Two groups were created as euthyroid
group (n=195) and SH group (n=31). After an 8-12 hour overnight fasting, serum
blood glucose, insulin, HDL, LDL, cholesterol, triglyceride TSH, free T4, ALT,
AST levels were measured. HOMA-IR and atherogenic index (AI) were calculated.
Results: Prevalence of SH was estimated as 14.1 %. The values
of fasting glucose, fasting insülin, ALT, AST, TSH, HOMA-IR levels were
significantly higher ın SH group than euthyroid group. There was a positive
correlation between TSH and fasting glucose, insülin, triglyceride, ALT, AST,
HOMA-IR, AI. It was also demonstrated that the TSH level was significantly and
independently related to HOMA-IR value ın multiple regression analysis
(p=0.001).
Conclusions: Obese
patients with SH may be more susceptible to metabolic complications than
euthyroid subjects.
References
- 1. Biondi B, Cooper DS: The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Endocr.Rev. 2008; 29: 76-131
- 2. Salerno M, Capalbo D, Cerbone M, De LF: Subclinical hypothyroidism in childhood - current knowledge and open issues. Nat.Rev.Endocrinol. 2016; 12: 734-46
- 3. Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, Witteman JC: Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann.Intern.Med. 2000; 132: 270-8
- 4. Diekman T, Lansberg PJ, Kastelein JJ, Wiersinga WM: Prevalence and correction of hypothyroidism in a large cohort of patients referred for dyslipidemia. Arch.Intern.Med. 1995; 155: 1490-5
- 5. Staub JJ, Althaus BU, Engler H, Ryff AS, Trabucco P, Marquardt K, Burckhardt D, Girard J, Weintraub BD: Spectrum of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism: effect on thyrotropin, prolactin, and thyroid reserve, and metabolic impact on peripheral target tissues. Am.J.Med. 1992; 92: 631-42
- 6. Jabbar A, Pingitore A, Pearce SH, Zaman A, Iervasi G, Razvi S: Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular disease. Nat.Rev.Cardiol. 2017; 14: 39-55
- 7. Bossowski A, Sawicka B, Szalecki M, Koput A, Wysocka J, Zelazowska-Rutkowska B: Analysis of serum adiponectin, resistin and leptin levels in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroid disorders. J.Pediatr.Endocrinol.Metab 2010; 23: 369-77
- 8. Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Garg MK, Kanwar R, Sastry A, Narang A, Arora S, Bhadra K: Dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroidism in an Indian population. Clin.Biochem. 2011; 44: 1214-7
- 9. Reinehr T: Thyroid function in the nutritionally obese child and adolescent. Curr.Opin.Pediatr. 2011; 23: 415-20
- 10. Vigone MC, Capalbo D, Weber G, Salerno M: Mild Hypothyroidism in Childhood: Who, When, and How Should Be Treated? J.Endocr.Soc. 2018; 2: 1024-39
- 11. Bundak R, Furman A, Gunoz H, Darendeliler F, Bas F, Neyzi O: Body mass index references for Turkish children. Acta Paediatr. 2006; 95: 194-8
- 12. Conwell LS, Trost SG, Brown WJ, Batch JA: Indexes of insulin resistance and secretion in obese children and adolescents: a validation study. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 314-9
- 13. Shen S, Lu Y, Qi H, Li F, Shen Z, Wu L, Yang C, Wang L, Shui K, Wang Y, Qiang D, Yun J, Weng X: Association between ideal cardiovascular health and the atherogenic index of plasma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95: e3866
- 14. Ormazabal V, Nair S, Elfeky O, Aguayo C, Salomon C, Zuniga FA: Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc.Diabetol. 2018; 17: 122
- 15. Brenta G: Why can insulin resistance be a natural consequence of thyroid dysfunction? J.Thyroid Res. 2011; 2011: 152850
- 16. Souza LL, Guedes EP, Teixeira PF, Moreira RO, Godoy-Matos AF, Vaisman M: Serum TSH levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese adolescents. J.Pediatr.(Rio J.) 2016; 92: 532-8
- 17. Nader NS, Bahn RS, Johnson MD, Weaver AL, Singh R, Kumar S: Relationships between thyroid function and lipid status or insulin resistance in a pediatric population. Thyroid 2010; 20: 1333-9
- 18. Cerbone M, Capalbo D, Wasniewska M, Mattace RG, Alfano S, Meli R, De LF, Salerno M: Cardiovascular risk factors in children with long-standing untreated idiopathic subclinical hypothyroidism. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab 2014; 99: 2697-703
- 19. Kaltenbach TE, Graeter T, Oeztuerk S, Holzner D, Kratzer W, Wabitsch M, Denzer C: Thyroid dysfunction and hepatic steatosis in overweight children and adolescents. Pediatr.Obes. 2017; 12: 67-74
- 20. Pacifico L, Bonci E, Ferraro F, Andreoli G, Bascetta S, Chiesa C: Hepatic steatosis and thyroid function tests in overweight and obese children. Int.J.Endocrinol. 2013; 2013: 381014
- 21. Walsh JP: Setpoints and susceptibility: do small differences in thyroid function really matter? Clin.Endocrinol.(Oxf) 2011; 75: 158-9
- 22. Dahl M, Ohrt JD, Fonvig CE, Kloppenborg JT, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Holm JC: Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Danish Lean and Obese Children and Adolescents. J.Clin.Res.Pediatr.Endocrinol. 2017; 9: 8-16
- 23. Zhang J, Jiang R, Li L, Li P, Li X, Wang Z, Li L, Teng W: Serum thyrotropin is positively correlated with the metabolic syndrome components of obesity and dyslipidemia in chinese adolescents. Int.J.Endocrinol. 2014; 2014: 289503
- 24. Neovius MG, Linne YM, Barkeling BS, Rossner SO: Sensitivity and specificity of classification systems for fatness in adolescents. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 2004; 80: 597-603
- 25. Han JC, Lawlor DA, Kimm SY: Childhood obesity. Lancet 2010; 375: 1737-48
- 26. Neovius M, Rossner SM, Vagstrand K, von Hausswolff-Juhlin YL, Hoffstedt J, Ekelund U: Adiposity measures as indicators of metabolic risk factors in adolescents. Obes.Facts. 2009; 2: 294-301
- 27. Reinehr T, Isa A, de SG, Dieffenbach R, Andler W: Thyroid hormones and their relation to weight status. Horm.Res. 2008; 70: 51-7
- 28. Wolters B, Lass N, Reinehr T: TSH and free triiodothyronine concentrations are associated with weight loss in a lifestyle intervention and weight regain afterwards in obese children. Eur.J.Endocrinol. 2013; 168: 323-9
There are 28 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Medical Science Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | December 31, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 |