Research Article
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Psychopathology and sociodemographic characteristics in suicide attempters: a single center study

Year 2018, Volume: 40 Issue: 3, 215 - 225, 30.09.2018

Nuryıl Yilmaz , Nesim Kugu Onder Kavakci Orhan Dogan

https://doi.org/10.7197/223.vi.419971

Abstract

Objective: The
aim of this study was to detect the frequency of suicide attempts as well as
psychological disorders for the individuals that attempt to commit suicide in
the province of Sivas and clarify the relation between suicide attempts and the
relevant characteristics. 



Method: The socio-demographic
information was collected during the clinical interview. Structured clinical
interview for axis I disorders based on DSM-IV (Structured
Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, SCID-I) and structured clinical interview for
personality disorders based on DSM-III-R (Structured Clinical Interview for
DSM-III-R, SCID-II) were administered, consecutively.



Results: Majority of the suicide attempters were
women, at the 18-29 age group, people with low level of education, housewives
and unemployed people of low socio-economical status whose parents also have a
low education profile and people who belong to the core family structure. The
most common method of suicide attempts was taking high doses of drugs. The most
frequent reported reason for suicide was family disputes (33%). 61% of the
cases were identified as having an axis I disorder and 58% were identified as
having an axis II disorder. The most frequent axis I diagnosis was major
depressive disorder and the most frequent axis II diagnosis was borderline
personality disorder. Mood disorders were more common among married people,
people at age 30 or older, people who have a history of a psycho-social stress
factor before attempt and among those who have previous suicide attempts.
Cluster B personality disorders were more common among people with
dysfunctional family relationships, split family, alcohol abuse and previous
suicide attempts.



Conclusions: In-depth assessment for cases with depressive
disorder and borderline personality disorder should include inquiry about
previous suicide attempts and these cases should receive appropriate treatment.
It should be kept in mind that the probability of suicide attempts is high for
these cases.

Keywords

Suicide mental disorder personality disorder

References

  • 1. Demirel Özsoy S, Eşel E. İntihar (Özkıyım). Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2003; 4: 175–185.
  • 2. Sayıl I. İntihar Davranışı ve Epidemiyolojisi.Doğan O (Ed). Psikiyatrik Epidemiyoloji içinde. İzmir: Ege Psikiyatri Yayınları; 2002. s. 118–123.
  • 3. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. İntihar girişim istatistikleri TR31 İzmir 2012 [Internet]. Ankara; 2013. Available from: www.tüik.gov.tr.
  • 4. Devrimci-Ozguven H. İntihar davranışının epidemiyolojisi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Psychiatry-Special Topics 2008; 1 (3): 1–7.
  • 5. Schmidtke A, Bille-Brahe U, DeLeo D, Kerkhof A, Bjerke T, Crepet P, Haring C, Hawton K, Lönnqvist J, Michel K, Pommereau X, Querejeta I, Phillipe I, Salander-Renberg E, Temesváry B, Wasserman D, Fricke S, Weinacker B, Sampaio-Faria JG. Attempted suicide in Europe: rates, trends and sociodemographic characteristics of suicide attempters during the period 1989–1992. Results of the WHO/Euro multicentre study on parasuicide. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996; 93: 327–338.
  • 6. Sayıl I ve Devrimci-Ozguven H. Suicide and suicide attempts in Ankara in 1998: results of the Who/Euro Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behavior. Crisis 2002, 23: 11-16.
  • 7. Sayıl I, Oral A, Güney S. Ankara’da intihar girişimleri üzerine bir çalışma. Kriz Dergisi 1993; 1: 56–61.
  • 8. Sayıl I, Berksun O, Palabıyıkoğlu R. Attempted suicides in Ankara in 1995. Crisis 1998; 19: 47–48.
  • 9. Çayköylü A, Coşkun İ, Kırkpınar İ. İntihar girişiminde bulunanlarda sosyodemografik özellikler ve tanı dağılımı. Kriz Dergisi 1997; 5: 37–42.
  • 10. Cheng AT, Chen TH, Chen CC, Jenkins R. Psychosocial and psychiatric risk factors for suicide. Br J Psychiatry 2000; 177: 360–365.
  • 11. Özgüven HD, Soykan Ç, Haran S. İntihar girişimlerinde sorun alanları ve tetikleyiciler. Kriz Dergisi 2003; 11: 13–24.
  • 12. Milnes D, Owens D, Blenkiron P. Problems reported by self-harm patients perception, hopelessness, and suicidal intent. J Psychiatric Res 2002; 53: 819–822.
  • 13. Sayıl I, Canat S, Tuğcu H. Onaltı intihar olgusunun psikolojik otopsi yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi. Kriz Dergisi 2003; 11: 1–6.
  • 14. Brodsky BS ve Stanley B. Developmental effects on suicidal behavior: The role of abuse in childhood. Clin Neurosci Res 2001; 1: 331–336.
  • 15. Doruk A, Özşahin A, E Köroğlu. İntihar. C Güleç (Ed). Psikiyatri Temel Kitabı içinde. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği; 2007. s. 556–561.
  • 16. Soloff PH, Lis JA, Kelly T, Cornelius J, Ulrich R. Risk factors for suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder, Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1316–1323.
  • 17. Corbitt EM, Malone KM, Haas GL, Mann JJ. Suicidal behaviour in patients with major depression and comorbid personality disorders. J Affect Disord 1996; 39: 61–72.
  • 18. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Clinician Version (SCID-CV). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press ; 1997.
  • 19. Özkürkçügil A, Aydemir Ö, Yıldız M. DSM-IV eksen I bozuklukları için yapılandırılmış klinik görüşmenin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması ve güvenilirlik çalışması. İlaç ve Tedavi Dergisi 1999; 12: 233–236.
  • 20. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M. Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1990.
  • 21. Sorias S, Saygılı R, Elbi H. DSM-III-R Kişilik Bozuklukları İçin Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşme Formu (SCID II). İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları; 1990.
  • 22. Tel H, Uzun S. İntihar girişimi ile acil sevise başvuran hastaların sosyal destek ve stresle baş etme durumları. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2003; 4: 151–158.
  • 23. Deveci A, Aydemir Ö, Mızrak S. İntihar girişiminde bulunanlarda sosyodemografik özellikler, stres etmenleri ve ruhsal bozukluklar. Kriz Dergisi 2005; 13 (1): 1–9.
  • 24. Heikkinen M, Aro H, Lonnqvist J. Recent life events, social support and suicide. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994; 377: 65–72.
  • 25. Dilbaz N, Şengül CB, Çetin MK. Genel bir hastanede intihar girişimlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Kriz Dergisi 2005; 13 (2): 1–10.
  • 26. Şenol V, Ünalan D, Avşaroğulları L. İntihar girişimi nedeniyle Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Acil Anabilim Dalı’na başvuran olguların incelenmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2005; 6: 19–29.
  • 27. Yamada T, Kawanishi C, Hasegawa H, Sato R, Konishi A, Kato D, Furuno T, Kishida I, Odawara T, Sugiyama M, Hirayasu Y. Psychiatric assessment of suicide attempters in Japan: a pilot study at a critical emergency unit in an urban area. BMC Psychiatry 2007; 7: 64.
  • 28. Sengül CB, Serinken M, Sengül C. Acil Servise intihar girişimi nedeniyle başvurusu ardından psikiyatri polikliniğinde değerlendirilen olguların sosyodemografik verileri. Türkiye Acil Tıp Dergisi 2008; 8 (3): 127–131.
  • 29. Michel K, Ballinari P, Bille-Brahe U, Bjerke T, Crepet P, De Leo D, Haring C, Hawton K, Kerkhof A, Lönnqvist J, Querejeta I, Salander-Renberg E, Schmidtke A, Temesvary B, Wasserman D. Methods used for parasuicide: results of the WHO/EURO multicentre study on parasuicide. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2000; 35: 156–163.
  • 30. Shafii M, Carrigan S, Whittinghill JR, Derrick A. Psychological autopsy of completed suicide in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 1985; 142 (9): 1061–1064.
  • 31. Zonda T.A Longitudinal follow-up study of 583 attempted suicides, based on Hungarian material. Crisis 1991; 12 (1): 48–57.
  • 32. Brent DA, Perper J, Moritz G, Baugher M, Allman C. Suicide in adolescent with no apparent psychopathology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993; 32: 494–500.
  • 33. Kekeç Z, Sarı A. Acilde zehirlenme olguları ve özkıyım. Yeni Symposium 2008; 46 (3): 109-121.
  • 34. Atay İM, Gündoğar D. İntihar davranışında risk faktörleri: Bir gözden geçirme. Kriz Dergisi 2004; 12 (3):39-52.
  • 35. Sayıl I. İntihar Davranışı. I Sayıl, O E Berksun, R Palabıyıkoğlu, H Devrimci Özgüven, Ç Soykan, S Haran (Ed.). Kriz ve Krize Müdahale içinde. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Psikiyatrik Kriz Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları; 2000.s. 165-197.
  • 36. Welch SS. A Review of the literature on the epidemiology of parasuicide in the general population. Psychiatr Serv 2001; 52 (3): 368–375.
  • 37. Alaghehbandan R, Gates KD, MacDonald D. Suicide attempts and associated factors in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1998-2000. Can J Psychiatry 2005; 50 (12): 762-768.
  • 38. Ramsay R, Bagley C. The prevalence of suicidal behaviors, attitudes and associated social experiences in an urban population. Suicide Life-Threat Behav 1985; 15: 151–67.
  • 39. Thanh HT, Jiang GX, Van TN, Minh DP, Rosling H, Wasserman D. Attempted suicide in Hanoi, Vietnam. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 2005;40: 64-71.
  • 40. Brown M, King E, Barraclough B. Nine suicide pacts: A clinical study of a consecutive series 1974–1993. Br J Psychiatry 1995; 167:448–451.
  • 41. Conwell Y, Duberstein PR, Cox C, Herrmann JH, Forbes NT, Caine ED. Relationships of age and axis I diagnoses in victims of completed suicide: A psycological autopsy study. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:1001–1008.
  • 42. Ateşci FÇ, Kuloğlu M, Tezcan E. İntihar girişimi olan bireylerde birinci ve ikinci eksen tanıları. Klinik Psikiyatri 2002; 5: 22–27.
  • 43. Santos SA, Lovisi G, Legay L, Abelha L. Prevalence of mental disorders associated with suicide attempts treated at an emergency hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 2009; 25 (9): 2064–2074.
  • 44. Ozdel O, Varma G, Atesci FC, Oguzhanoglu NK, Karadag F, Amuk T. Characteristics of suicidal behavior in a Turkish sample. Crisis 2009; 30(2): 90–93.
  • 45. Hayashi N, Igarashi M, Imai A, Osawa Y, Utsumi K, Ohshima Y, Tokunaga T, Ishimoto K, Maeda N, Harima H, Tatebayashi Y, Kumagai N, Nozu M, Ishii H, Okazaki Y. Psychiatric and personality disorders and clinical characteristics of admitted suicidal patients: data from Matsuzawa Suicidal Behavior Study. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 2009; 111 (5): 502–526.
  • 46. Suominen KH, Isometsä ET, Henriksson MM, Ostamo AI, Lönnqvist JK. Suicide attempts and personality disorder. Acta Psychiat Scand 2000; 102: 118–25.
  • 47. Krysinska K, Heller TS, De Leo D. Suicide and deliberate self-harm in personality disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2006; 19 (1): 95-101.

Year 2018, Volume: 40 Issue: 3, 215 - 225, 30.09.2018

Nuryıl Yilmaz , Nesim Kugu Onder Kavakci Orhan Dogan

https://doi.org/10.7197/223.vi.419971

Abstract

References

  • 1. Demirel Özsoy S, Eşel E. İntihar (Özkıyım). Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2003; 4: 175–185.
  • 2. Sayıl I. İntihar Davranışı ve Epidemiyolojisi.Doğan O (Ed). Psikiyatrik Epidemiyoloji içinde. İzmir: Ege Psikiyatri Yayınları; 2002. s. 118–123.
  • 3. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. İntihar girişim istatistikleri TR31 İzmir 2012 [Internet]. Ankara; 2013. Available from: www.tüik.gov.tr.
  • 4. Devrimci-Ozguven H. İntihar davranışının epidemiyolojisi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Psychiatry-Special Topics 2008; 1 (3): 1–7.
  • 5. Schmidtke A, Bille-Brahe U, DeLeo D, Kerkhof A, Bjerke T, Crepet P, Haring C, Hawton K, Lönnqvist J, Michel K, Pommereau X, Querejeta I, Phillipe I, Salander-Renberg E, Temesváry B, Wasserman D, Fricke S, Weinacker B, Sampaio-Faria JG. Attempted suicide in Europe: rates, trends and sociodemographic characteristics of suicide attempters during the period 1989–1992. Results of the WHO/Euro multicentre study on parasuicide. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996; 93: 327–338.
  • 6. Sayıl I ve Devrimci-Ozguven H. Suicide and suicide attempts in Ankara in 1998: results of the Who/Euro Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behavior. Crisis 2002, 23: 11-16.
  • 7. Sayıl I, Oral A, Güney S. Ankara’da intihar girişimleri üzerine bir çalışma. Kriz Dergisi 1993; 1: 56–61.
  • 8. Sayıl I, Berksun O, Palabıyıkoğlu R. Attempted suicides in Ankara in 1995. Crisis 1998; 19: 47–48.
  • 9. Çayköylü A, Coşkun İ, Kırkpınar İ. İntihar girişiminde bulunanlarda sosyodemografik özellikler ve tanı dağılımı. Kriz Dergisi 1997; 5: 37–42.
  • 10. Cheng AT, Chen TH, Chen CC, Jenkins R. Psychosocial and psychiatric risk factors for suicide. Br J Psychiatry 2000; 177: 360–365.
  • 11. Özgüven HD, Soykan Ç, Haran S. İntihar girişimlerinde sorun alanları ve tetikleyiciler. Kriz Dergisi 2003; 11: 13–24.
  • 12. Milnes D, Owens D, Blenkiron P. Problems reported by self-harm patients perception, hopelessness, and suicidal intent. J Psychiatric Res 2002; 53: 819–822.
  • 13. Sayıl I, Canat S, Tuğcu H. Onaltı intihar olgusunun psikolojik otopsi yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi. Kriz Dergisi 2003; 11: 1–6.
  • 14. Brodsky BS ve Stanley B. Developmental effects on suicidal behavior: The role of abuse in childhood. Clin Neurosci Res 2001; 1: 331–336.
  • 15. Doruk A, Özşahin A, E Köroğlu. İntihar. C Güleç (Ed). Psikiyatri Temel Kitabı içinde. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği; 2007. s. 556–561.
  • 16. Soloff PH, Lis JA, Kelly T, Cornelius J, Ulrich R. Risk factors for suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder, Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1316–1323.
  • 17. Corbitt EM, Malone KM, Haas GL, Mann JJ. Suicidal behaviour in patients with major depression and comorbid personality disorders. J Affect Disord 1996; 39: 61–72.
  • 18. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Clinician Version (SCID-CV). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press ; 1997.
  • 19. Özkürkçügil A, Aydemir Ö, Yıldız M. DSM-IV eksen I bozuklukları için yapılandırılmış klinik görüşmenin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması ve güvenilirlik çalışması. İlaç ve Tedavi Dergisi 1999; 12: 233–236.
  • 20. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M. Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1990.
  • 21. Sorias S, Saygılı R, Elbi H. DSM-III-R Kişilik Bozuklukları İçin Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşme Formu (SCID II). İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları; 1990.
  • 22. Tel H, Uzun S. İntihar girişimi ile acil sevise başvuran hastaların sosyal destek ve stresle baş etme durumları. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2003; 4: 151–158.
  • 23. Deveci A, Aydemir Ö, Mızrak S. İntihar girişiminde bulunanlarda sosyodemografik özellikler, stres etmenleri ve ruhsal bozukluklar. Kriz Dergisi 2005; 13 (1): 1–9.
  • 24. Heikkinen M, Aro H, Lonnqvist J. Recent life events, social support and suicide. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994; 377: 65–72.
  • 25. Dilbaz N, Şengül CB, Çetin MK. Genel bir hastanede intihar girişimlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Kriz Dergisi 2005; 13 (2): 1–10.
  • 26. Şenol V, Ünalan D, Avşaroğulları L. İntihar girişimi nedeniyle Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Acil Anabilim Dalı’na başvuran olguların incelenmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2005; 6: 19–29.
  • 27. Yamada T, Kawanishi C, Hasegawa H, Sato R, Konishi A, Kato D, Furuno T, Kishida I, Odawara T, Sugiyama M, Hirayasu Y. Psychiatric assessment of suicide attempters in Japan: a pilot study at a critical emergency unit in an urban area. BMC Psychiatry 2007; 7: 64.
  • 28. Sengül CB, Serinken M, Sengül C. Acil Servise intihar girişimi nedeniyle başvurusu ardından psikiyatri polikliniğinde değerlendirilen olguların sosyodemografik verileri. Türkiye Acil Tıp Dergisi 2008; 8 (3): 127–131.
  • 29. Michel K, Ballinari P, Bille-Brahe U, Bjerke T, Crepet P, De Leo D, Haring C, Hawton K, Kerkhof A, Lönnqvist J, Querejeta I, Salander-Renberg E, Schmidtke A, Temesvary B, Wasserman D. Methods used for parasuicide: results of the WHO/EURO multicentre study on parasuicide. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2000; 35: 156–163.
  • 30. Shafii M, Carrigan S, Whittinghill JR, Derrick A. Psychological autopsy of completed suicide in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 1985; 142 (9): 1061–1064.
  • 31. Zonda T.A Longitudinal follow-up study of 583 attempted suicides, based on Hungarian material. Crisis 1991; 12 (1): 48–57.
  • 32. Brent DA, Perper J, Moritz G, Baugher M, Allman C. Suicide in adolescent with no apparent psychopathology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993; 32: 494–500.
  • 33. Kekeç Z, Sarı A. Acilde zehirlenme olguları ve özkıyım. Yeni Symposium 2008; 46 (3): 109-121.
  • 34. Atay İM, Gündoğar D. İntihar davranışında risk faktörleri: Bir gözden geçirme. Kriz Dergisi 2004; 12 (3):39-52.
  • 35. Sayıl I. İntihar Davranışı. I Sayıl, O E Berksun, R Palabıyıkoğlu, H Devrimci Özgüven, Ç Soykan, S Haran (Ed.). Kriz ve Krize Müdahale içinde. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Psikiyatrik Kriz Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları; 2000.s. 165-197.
  • 36. Welch SS. A Review of the literature on the epidemiology of parasuicide in the general population. Psychiatr Serv 2001; 52 (3): 368–375.
  • 37. Alaghehbandan R, Gates KD, MacDonald D. Suicide attempts and associated factors in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1998-2000. Can J Psychiatry 2005; 50 (12): 762-768.
  • 38. Ramsay R, Bagley C. The prevalence of suicidal behaviors, attitudes and associated social experiences in an urban population. Suicide Life-Threat Behav 1985; 15: 151–67.
  • 39. Thanh HT, Jiang GX, Van TN, Minh DP, Rosling H, Wasserman D. Attempted suicide in Hanoi, Vietnam. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 2005;40: 64-71.
  • 40. Brown M, King E, Barraclough B. Nine suicide pacts: A clinical study of a consecutive series 1974–1993. Br J Psychiatry 1995; 167:448–451.
  • 41. Conwell Y, Duberstein PR, Cox C, Herrmann JH, Forbes NT, Caine ED. Relationships of age and axis I diagnoses in victims of completed suicide: A psycological autopsy study. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:1001–1008.
  • 42. Ateşci FÇ, Kuloğlu M, Tezcan E. İntihar girişimi olan bireylerde birinci ve ikinci eksen tanıları. Klinik Psikiyatri 2002; 5: 22–27.
  • 43. Santos SA, Lovisi G, Legay L, Abelha L. Prevalence of mental disorders associated with suicide attempts treated at an emergency hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 2009; 25 (9): 2064–2074.
  • 44. Ozdel O, Varma G, Atesci FC, Oguzhanoglu NK, Karadag F, Amuk T. Characteristics of suicidal behavior in a Turkish sample. Crisis 2009; 30(2): 90–93.
  • 45. Hayashi N, Igarashi M, Imai A, Osawa Y, Utsumi K, Ohshima Y, Tokunaga T, Ishimoto K, Maeda N, Harima H, Tatebayashi Y, Kumagai N, Nozu M, Ishii H, Okazaki Y. Psychiatric and personality disorders and clinical characteristics of admitted suicidal patients: data from Matsuzawa Suicidal Behavior Study. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 2009; 111 (5): 502–526.
  • 46. Suominen KH, Isometsä ET, Henriksson MM, Ostamo AI, Lönnqvist JK. Suicide attempts and personality disorder. Acta Psychiat Scand 2000; 102: 118–25.
  • 47. Krysinska K, Heller TS, De Leo D. Suicide and deliberate self-harm in personality disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2006; 19 (1): 95-101.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Medical Science Research Articles
Authors

Nuryıl Yilmaz

Nesim Kugu

Onder Kavakci

Orhan Dogan

Publication Date September 30, 2018
Acceptance Date September 19, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018Volume: 40 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Yilmaz N, Kugu N, Kavakci O, Dogan O. Psychopathology and sociodemographic characteristics in suicide attempters: a single center study. CMJ. September 2018;40(3):215-225. doi:10.7197/223.vi.419971