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Simvastatin ve mevastatin’in anjiogenez inhibisyonu üzerine etkilerinin koryoallantoik membran modelinde araştırılması

Year 2012, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 164 - 172, 21.06.2012

Abstract

Özet

Amaç. Bu çalışmanın amacı klinik tedavide sık olarak kullanılan statinlerden olan simvastatin ve mevastatinin anjiogenez inhibisyonu üzerine etkilerini döllenmiş tavuk yumurtaları üzerinde, koryoallantoik membran modelini (CAM modeli) kullanarak kıyaslamaktır. Yöntem. Çalışmada Ross 308 cinsi döllenmiş tavuk yumurtaları kullanıldı. Döllenmiş tavuk yumurtaları 37,5°C’de %80 rölatif nemli ortamda horizontal pozisyonda inkübe edildi. Kuluçkanın beşinci gününde yumurtanın künt tarafından enjektör yardımıyla 5 mL albumin alındı ve yumurtanın diğer ucundan 2-3 cm çapında kabuk kesilerek çıkarıldı. Kabuktaki bu açıklık laboratuvar filmi ile kapatıldı ve koryoallantoik membran modeli yaklaşık 2 cm çapa ulaşana kadar 72 saat daha inkübe edildi. Her bir yumurtaya koryoallantoik membran üzerine etken madde içeren bir pellet yerleştirildi. İlaç uygulamasından (bevacizumab, simvastatin ve mevastatin; 10-4 M, 10-5 M ve 10-6 M konsantrasyon) sonra yumurtalar 24 saat daha inkübe edildi. Stereoskopik mikroskop altında Bürgermeister ve arkadaşlarının skorlama sistemi kullanılarak pellet uygulama bölgesindeki damar yapısı değerlendirildi. Bulgular. Çalışmamızda negatif kontrol olarak ilaç içermeyen agar diskler kullanıldı. Negatif kontrol yumurtalarının hiç birinde anjiogenez engellenmedi ve anti-anjiogenik etki puanı “0” olarak bulundu. Pozitif kontrol olarak antianjiogenik etkinliği kanıtlanmış bevacizumab kullanıldı. Bevacizumab’ın 10-4 M,10-5 M ve 10-6 M konsantrasyonlarında antianjiogenetik skor değerleri sırasıyla 1,58 , 1,55 ve 1,00 olarak bulundu. Simvastatinin ve mevastatinin 10-4 M, 10-5 M ve 10-6 M konsantrasyonları için ortalama antianjiyogenik skor değerleri sırası ile 0,93 , 0,66 , 0,53 ve 1,0, 0,80 ve 0,66 olarak bulundu. Hem simvastatinin hem de mevastatinin her üç konsantrasyonunun da anti anjiogenik etkiye sahip olduğu saptandı. Bu iki ilacın 10-4 M konsantrasyonlarının meydana getirmiş olduğu anti anjiogenik etki gücü arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı. Ancak azalan konsantrasyonlar birbirleri ile karşılaştırıldığında mevastatinin 10-5 M ve 10-6 M konsantrasyonlarda simvastatine göre daha anlamlı bir anti anjiogenik etki meydana getirdiği saptandı. Sonuç. Sonuç olarak simvastatin ve mevastatin CAM modelinde antiantiogenik etkinlik gösteren statinlerdir. Bu iki statin lipid düşürücü etkileri yanında, anjiogenez inhibisyonu yaparak; plak içi antianjiogenik etkiyle, plak rüptürü ve buna bağlı ciddi komplikasyonlardan da korunma sağlayabilir.

Anahtar sözcükler: Simvastatin, mevastatin, koryoallantoik membran modeli, anjiogenez

 

Abstract

Aim. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of Simvastatin and Mevastatin, commonly used statins in clinic practice, on angiogenesis in chorioallontioc membrane models by using fertilized chicken eggs. Methods. In this study, Ross 308, fertilized chicken eggs were used. The fertilized chicken eggs were incubated in horizontal position with environmental conditions of 37.5 °C temperature and 80% relative humidity. On the fifth day of the incubation period, 5 ml of albumen was taken through the eggshell with a syringe and a shell piece of 2-3 cm in diameter was removed from the contrary side of the eggs. The windows on the egg shells were sealed with gelatin and thereafter, the eggs were incubated for 72 more hours to have chorioallontioc membrane models reaching 2 cm in diameter. The pellets containing active substrate were placed on the chorioallantoic membrane of each egg. After drug administration (bevacizumab, Simvastatin and Mevastatin; 10-4 M, 10-5 M ve 10-6 M concentration), the eggs were incubated for 24 hours again. Under a stereoscopic microscope, vascular structure around the pellets was evaluated using a scoring system of Bürgermeister et al. Results. Drug-free agar discs were used as negative control in our study. Angiogenesis was not inhibited in any negative control eggs and anti-angiogenic effect score was found as “0”.Bevacizumab was used as positive control. In 10-4 M, 10-5 M and 10-6 M concentrations, antiangiogenic score of Bevacizumab were found 1,58, 1,55 and 1,00, respectively. For 10-4 M, 10-5 M and 10-6 M concentrations of Simvastatin and Mevastatin, antiangiogenic scores were found as 0.93, 0.66, 0.53 and 1.0, 0.80, 0.66, respectively. Both Mevastatin and Simvastatin were found to have antiangiogenic effects in each three concentrations. There wasn’t a significant difference between antiangiogenic effects of these two drugs in 10-4 M. But when lower concentrations were compared it is found that Mevastatin had significantly higher antiangiogenic effect than Simvastatin at 10-5 M and 10-6 M concentrations. Conclusion. In conclusion, Simvastatin and Mevastatin are statins which shows antiangiogenic effect in chorioallontioc membrane models. Besides they can the lipid-lowing effects of statins they can also provide. Protection against  plaque rupture related serious complication by the intraplaque antiangiogenesis effect

Keywords: Simvastatin, mevastatin, chorioallontioc membrane models, angiogenesis

References

  • Carmeliet P. Angiogenesis in health and disease. Nat Med 2003; 9: 653-60.
  • Folkman J, Klagsbrun M. Angiogenic factors. Science 1987; 235: 442-7.
  • Risau W. Mechanisms of angiogenesis. Nature 1997; 386: 671-4.
  • Haubner R. Alphavbeta3-integrin imaging: a new approach to characterise angiogenesis? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 33 Suppl 1: 54-63.
  • Greenberg DA, Jin K. From angiogenesis to neuropathology. Nature 2005; 438: 954-9.
  • Plosker GL, McTavish D. Simvastatin. A reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in hypercholesterolaemia. Drugs 1995; 50: 334-63.
  • Kayaalp O. Rasyonel Tedavi Yönünden Tıbbi Farmakoloji 1995 Cilt-1, Feryal Matbaacılık, Ankara.
  • Tobert JA. Lovastatin and beyond: the history of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2003; 2: 517-26.
  • Horiuchi N, Maeda T. Statins and bone metabolism. Oral diseases 2006; 12: 85- 101.
  • Alegret M, Silvestre JS. Pleiotropic effects of statins and related pharmacological experimental approaches. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2006; 28: 627-56.
  • Garrett IR, Gutierrez G, Mundy GR. Statins and bone formation. Cur Pharm Des 2001; 7: 715-36.
  • Stancu C, Sima A. Statins: mechanism of action and effects. J Cell Mol Med 2001; 5: 378-87.
  • Maron DJ, Fazio S, Linton MF. Current perspectives on statins. Circulation 2000; 101: 207-13.
  • Dupuis J, Tardif JC, Cernacek P, Théroux P. Cholesterol reduction rapidly improves endothelial function after acute coronary syndromes. The RECIFE (reduction of cholesterol in ischemia and function of the endothelium) trial. Circulation 1999; 99:3227-33.
  • Leung WH, Lau CP, Wong CK. Beneficial effect of cholesterol-lowering therapy on coronary endothelium-dependent relaxation in hypercholesterolaemic patients. Lancet 1993; 341: 1496-500.
  • Kaesemeyer WH, Caldwell RB, Huang J, Caldwell RW. Pravastatin sodium activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase independent of its cholesterol-lowering actions. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 234-41.
  • Jorge PA, Osaki MR, de Almeida E. Rapid reversal of endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits treated with simvastatin and pravastatin. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1997; 24: 948-53.
  • Katz MS. Therapy insight: Potential of statins for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Nature clinical practice. Oncology 2005; 2: 82-9.
  • Wolfrum S, Grimm M, Heidbreder M, Dendorfer A, Katus HA, Liao JK, Richardt G. Acute reduction of myocardial infarct size by a hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor is mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2003; 41: 474-80.
  • Taylor, PC. Serum vascular markers and vascular imaging in assessment of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity and response to therapy.Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44: 721-8.
  • Bürgermeister J, Paper DH, Vogl H, Linhardt RJ, Franz G. LaPSvS1, a (1-->3)- beta-galactan sulfate and its effect on angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337: 1459-66.
  • Rosen L. Antiangiogenic strategies and agents in clinical trials. Oncologist 2000; 5: 20-7.
  • Wickström SA, Alitalo K, Keski-Oja J. An Endostatin-derived Peptide Interacts with Integrins and regulates Actin Cytoskeleton and Migration of Endothelial Cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 20178-85.
  • Kampa M, Nifli AP, Notas G, Castanas E. Polyphenols and cancer cell growth. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 159: 79-113.
  • Ramsay LE, Haq IU, Jackson PR, Yeo WW, Pickin DM, Payne JN. Targeting lipid-lowering drug therapy for primary prevention of coronary disease: an updated Sheffield table. The Lancet 1996; 348: 387-8.
  • Chade AR, Zhu X, Mushin OP, Napoli C, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Simvastatin promotes angiogenesis and prevents microvascular remodeling in chronic renal ischemia. FASEB J 2006; 20: 1706-8.
  • Nishimoto-Hazuku A, Hirase T, Ide N, Ikeda Y, Node K. Simvastatin stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor production by hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha upregulation in endothelial cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008; 51: 267-73.
  • Zacharek A, Chen J, Cui X, Yang Y, Chopp M. Simvastatin increases notch signaling activity and promotes arteriogenesis after stroke. Stroke 2009; 40: 254- 60.
  • Zhu XY, Daghini E, Chade AR, Napoli C, Ritman EL, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Simvastatin prevents coronary microvascular remodeling in renovascular hypertensive pigs. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18: 1209-17.
  • Ahn KS, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB. Simvastatin potentiates TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis through the down-regulation of NF-kappaB-dependent antiapoptotic gene products: role of IkappaBalpha kinase and TGF-beta-activated kinase-1. J Immunol 2007; 178: 2507. 16.
  • Lu D, Qu C, Goussev A, Jiang H, Lu C, Schallert T, Mahmood A, Chen J, Li Y, Chopp M. Statins increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, reduce delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA3 region, and improve spatial learning in rat after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2007; 24: 1132-46.
  • Zhang Y, Naggar JC, Welzig CM, Beasley D, Moulton KS, Park HJ, Galper JB. Simvastatin inhibits angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice: possible role of ERK. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29: 1764-71.
  • Wang C, Tao W, Wang Y, Bikow J, Lu B, Keating A, Verma S, Parker TG, Han R, Wen XY. Rosuvastatin, identified from a zebrafish chemical genetic screen for antiangiogenic compounds, suppresses the growth of prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2010; 58: 418-26.
  • Urbich C, Dernbach E, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Double-edged role of statins in angiogenesis signaling. Circ Res 2002; 90: 737-44.

Orijinal araştırma-Original research

Year 2012, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 164 - 172, 21.06.2012

Abstract

Amaç. Bu çalışmanın amacı klinik tedavide sık olarak kullanılan statinlerden olan simvastatin ve mevastatinin anjiogenez inhibisyonu üzerine etkilerini döllenmiş tavuk yumurtaları üzerinde, koryoallantoik membran modelini (CAM modeli) kullanarak kıyaslamaktır. Yöntem. Çalışmada Ross 308 cinsi döllenmiş tavuk yumurtaları kullanıldı. Döllenmiş tavuk yumurtaları 37,5°C‟de %80 rölatif nemli ortamda horizontal pozisyonda inkübe edildi. Kuluçkanın beşinci gününde yumurtanın künt tarafından enjektör yardımıyla 5 mL albumin alındı ve yumurtanın diğer ucundan 2-3 cm çapında kabuk kesilerek çıkarıldı. Kabuktaki bu açıklık laboratuvar filmi ile kapatıldı ve koryoallantoik membran modeli yaklaşık 2 cm çapa ulaşana kadar 72 saat daha inkübe edildi. Her bir yumurtaya koryoallantoik membran üzerine etken madde içeren bir pellet yerleştirildi. İlaç uygulamasından (bevacizumab, simvastatin ve mevastatin; 10-4 M, 10-5 M ve 10-6 M konsantrasyon) sonra yumurtalar 24 saat daha inkübe edildi. Stereoskopik mikroskop altında Bürgermeister ve arkadaşlarının skorlama sistemi kullanılarak pellet uygulama bölgesindeki damar yapısı değerlendirildi. Bulgular. Çalışmamızda negatif kontrol olarak ilaç içermeyen agar diskler kullanıldı. Negatif kontrol yumurtalarının hiç birinde anjiogenez engellenmedi ve anti-anjiogenik etki puanı “0” olarak bulundu. Pozitif kontrol olarak antianjiogenik etkinliği kanıtlanmış bevacizumab kullanıldı. Bevacizumab‟ın 10-4 M,10-5 M ve 10 M konsantrasyonlarında antianjiogenetik skor değerleri sırasıyla 1,58 , 1,55 ve 1,00 olarak bulundu. Simvastatinin ve mevastatinin 10-4 M, 10-5 M ve 10-6 M konsantrasyonları için ortalama antianjiyogenik skor değerleri sırası ile 0,93 , 0,66 , 0,53 ve 1,0, 0,80 ve 0,66 olarak bulundu. Hem simvastatinin hem de mevastatinin her üç konsantrasyonunun da anti anjiogenik etkiye sahip olduğu saptandı. Bu iki ilacın 10-4 M konsantrasyonlarının meydana getirmiş olduğu anti anjiogenik etki gücü arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı. Ancak azalan konsantrasyonlar birbirleri ile karşılaştırıldığında mevastatinin 10-5 M ve 10-6 M konsantrasyonlarda simvastatine göre daha anlamlı bir anti anjiogenik etki meydana getirdiği saptandı. Sonuç. Sonuç olarak simvastatin ve mevastatin CAM modelinde antiantiogenik etkinlik gösteren statinlerdir. Bu iki statin lipid düşürücü etkileri yanında, anjiogenez inhibisyonu yaparak; plak içi antianjiogenik etkiyle, plak rüptürü ve buna bağlı ciddi komplikasyonlardan da korunma sağlayabilir

References

  • Carmeliet P. Angiogenesis in health and disease. Nat Med 2003; 9: 653-60.
  • Folkman J, Klagsbrun M. Angiogenic factors. Science 1987; 235: 442-7.
  • Risau W. Mechanisms of angiogenesis. Nature 1997; 386: 671-4.
  • Haubner R. Alphavbeta3-integrin imaging: a new approach to characterise angiogenesis? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 33 Suppl 1: 54-63.
  • Greenberg DA, Jin K. From angiogenesis to neuropathology. Nature 2005; 438: 954-9.
  • Plosker GL, McTavish D. Simvastatin. A reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in hypercholesterolaemia. Drugs 1995; 50: 334-63.
  • Kayaalp O. Rasyonel Tedavi Yönünden Tıbbi Farmakoloji 1995 Cilt-1, Feryal Matbaacılık, Ankara.
  • Tobert JA. Lovastatin and beyond: the history of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2003; 2: 517-26.
  • Horiuchi N, Maeda T. Statins and bone metabolism. Oral diseases 2006; 12: 85- 101.
  • Alegret M, Silvestre JS. Pleiotropic effects of statins and related pharmacological experimental approaches. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2006; 28: 627-56.
  • Garrett IR, Gutierrez G, Mundy GR. Statins and bone formation. Cur Pharm Des 2001; 7: 715-36.
  • Stancu C, Sima A. Statins: mechanism of action and effects. J Cell Mol Med 2001; 5: 378-87.
  • Maron DJ, Fazio S, Linton MF. Current perspectives on statins. Circulation 2000; 101: 207-13.
  • Dupuis J, Tardif JC, Cernacek P, Théroux P. Cholesterol reduction rapidly improves endothelial function after acute coronary syndromes. The RECIFE (reduction of cholesterol in ischemia and function of the endothelium) trial. Circulation 1999; 99:3227-33.
  • Leung WH, Lau CP, Wong CK. Beneficial effect of cholesterol-lowering therapy on coronary endothelium-dependent relaxation in hypercholesterolaemic patients. Lancet 1993; 341: 1496-500.
  • Kaesemeyer WH, Caldwell RB, Huang J, Caldwell RW. Pravastatin sodium activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase independent of its cholesterol-lowering actions. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 234-41.
  • Jorge PA, Osaki MR, de Almeida E. Rapid reversal of endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits treated with simvastatin and pravastatin. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1997; 24: 948-53.
  • Katz MS. Therapy insight: Potential of statins for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Nature clinical practice. Oncology 2005; 2: 82-9.
  • Wolfrum S, Grimm M, Heidbreder M, Dendorfer A, Katus HA, Liao JK, Richardt G. Acute reduction of myocardial infarct size by a hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor is mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2003; 41: 474-80.
  • Taylor, PC. Serum vascular markers and vascular imaging in assessment of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity and response to therapy.Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44: 721-8.
  • Bürgermeister J, Paper DH, Vogl H, Linhardt RJ, Franz G. LaPSvS1, a (1-->3)- beta-galactan sulfate and its effect on angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337: 1459-66.
  • Rosen L. Antiangiogenic strategies and agents in clinical trials. Oncologist 2000; 5: 20-7.
  • Wickström SA, Alitalo K, Keski-Oja J. An Endostatin-derived Peptide Interacts with Integrins and regulates Actin Cytoskeleton and Migration of Endothelial Cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 20178-85.
  • Kampa M, Nifli AP, Notas G, Castanas E. Polyphenols and cancer cell growth. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 159: 79-113.
  • Ramsay LE, Haq IU, Jackson PR, Yeo WW, Pickin DM, Payne JN. Targeting lipid-lowering drug therapy for primary prevention of coronary disease: an updated Sheffield table. The Lancet 1996; 348: 387-8.
  • Chade AR, Zhu X, Mushin OP, Napoli C, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Simvastatin promotes angiogenesis and prevents microvascular remodeling in chronic renal ischemia. FASEB J 2006; 20: 1706-8.
  • Nishimoto-Hazuku A, Hirase T, Ide N, Ikeda Y, Node K. Simvastatin stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor production by hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha upregulation in endothelial cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008; 51: 267-73.
  • Zacharek A, Chen J, Cui X, Yang Y, Chopp M. Simvastatin increases notch signaling activity and promotes arteriogenesis after stroke. Stroke 2009; 40: 254- 60.
  • Zhu XY, Daghini E, Chade AR, Napoli C, Ritman EL, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Simvastatin prevents coronary microvascular remodeling in renovascular hypertensive pigs. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18: 1209-17.
  • Ahn KS, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB. Simvastatin potentiates TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis through the down-regulation of NF-kappaB-dependent antiapoptotic gene products: role of IkappaBalpha kinase and TGF-beta-activated kinase-1. J Immunol 2007; 178: 2507. 16.
  • Lu D, Qu C, Goussev A, Jiang H, Lu C, Schallert T, Mahmood A, Chen J, Li Y, Chopp M. Statins increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, reduce delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA3 region, and improve spatial learning in rat after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2007; 24: 1132-46.
  • Zhang Y, Naggar JC, Welzig CM, Beasley D, Moulton KS, Park HJ, Galper JB. Simvastatin inhibits angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice: possible role of ERK. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29: 1764-71.
  • Wang C, Tao W, Wang Y, Bikow J, Lu B, Keating A, Verma S, Parker TG, Han R, Wen XY. Rosuvastatin, identified from a zebrafish chemical genetic screen for antiangiogenic compounds, suppresses the growth of prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2010; 58: 418-26.
  • Urbich C, Dernbach E, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Double-edged role of statins in angiogenesis signaling. Circ Res 2002; 90: 737-44.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Medical Science Research Articles
Authors

Zeliha Ödemiş

Tijen Temiz

Ezgi Balcı

Mesut Parlak

Ahmet Altun

Publication Date June 21, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012Volume: 34 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Ödemiş Z, Temiz T, Balcı E, Parlak M, Altun A. Simvastatin ve mevastatin’in anjiogenez inhibisyonu üzerine etkilerinin koryoallantoik membran modelinde araştırılması. CMJ. June 2012;34(2):164-172.