Abstract
References
- 1.Ackerman S. (1992). Discovering the Brain. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
- 2.Schönberg N, Weisstanner C, Wiest R, et al. The Influence of Various Cerebral and Extracerebral Pathologies on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values in the Fetal Brain. J Neuroimaging. 2020;30(4):477-485. doi:10.1111/jon.12727
- 3.Pilu G, Perolo A, Falco P, Visentin A, Gabrielli S, Bovicelli L. Ultrasound of the fetal central nervous system. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. (2000) 12:93–103. doi: 10.1097/00001703-200004000-00007
- 4.Carta S, Kaelin Agten A, Belcaro C, Bhide A. Outcome of fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of isolated severe bilateral ventriculomegaly: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. (2018) 52:165–73. doi: 10.1002/uog.19038
- 5.Palmen SJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Kemner C, Schnack HG, Durston S, Lahuis BE, et al. Increased gray-matter volume in medication-naive high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder. Psychol Med. (2005) 35:561–70. doi: 10.1017/S0033291704003496
- 6. Jackson DC, Irwin W, Dabbs K, Lin JJ, Jones JE, Hsu DA, et al. Ventricular enlargement in new-onset pediatric epilepsies. Epilepsia. (2011) 52:2225–32. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03323.x
- 7. Wright IC, Sham P, Murray RM, Weinberger DR, Bullmore ET. Genetic contributions to regional variability in human brain structure: methods and preliminary results. Neuroimage. (2002) 17:256–71. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2002.116
- 8.Huisman TA. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging of the brain: is ventriculomegaly the tip of the syndromal iceberg? Semin Ultrasound CT MR. (2011) 32:491–509. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2011. 08.002
- 9.Weisstanner C, Gruber GM, Brugger PC, Mitter C, Diogo MC, Kasprian G, et al. Fetal MRI at 3T-ready for routine use? Br J Radiol. (2016) 90:20160362. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20160362
- 10.International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG). Sonographic examination of the fetal central nervous system for performing the ‘basic examination’ and the ‘fetal neurosonogram’. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. (2007) 29:109–16. doi: 10.1002/uog.3909
- 11.ErdemG, Celik O, Hascalik S, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging evaluation of subtle cerebral microstructural changes in intrauterine fetal hydrocephalus. Magn Reson Imaging 2007;25:1417-22.
- 12.GassA, Niendorf T, Hirsch JG. Acute and chronic changes of the apparent diffusion coefficient in neurological disorders–biophysical mechanisms and possible underlying histopathology. J Neurol Sci 2001;186 (Suppl 1):15-23.
- 13.SotakCH. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of tissue water and its relationship to cell volume changes in pathological states. Neurochem Int 2004;45:569-2
- 14.Braun KP, Dijkhuizen RM, de Graaf RA, Nicolay K, Vandertop WP, Gooskens RH, et al. Cerebral ischemia and white matter edema in experimental hydrocephalus: a combined in vivo MRI and MRS study. Brain Res 1997;757:295 – 8.
- 15.Righini A, Bianchini E, Parazzini C, Gementi P, Ramenghi L, Baldoli C, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient determination in normal fetal brain: a prenatal MR imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003; 24:799 – 804.
Abstract
Objective: Hydrocephaly is an important factor for neurological development. Microstructural changes of cerebral tissue are detected in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and abnormal brain development can be detected early. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate fetuses with hydrocephaly by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Method: In our study, nineteen fetuses with hydrocephaly and twenty-two fetuses without any pathology were analyzed retrospectively. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of fetal brain frontal, parietal, temporal white matter, cerebellar hemisphere and pons was measured. Case and control groups were compared statistically.
Results: When the individuals in the study and control groups were compared in terms of trimester, no significant difference was found (p>0.05). When the frontal, parietal and temporal white matter ADC values of the fetuses in both groups were compared, the difference between the groups was significant (p<0.05). Individuals in the study group also had lower ADC values. When the pons and cerebellum ADC values of the fetuses were compared, no significant difference was found between the groups (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Hydrocephaly is one of the most common congenital anomalies. Increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure causes parenchymal compression, thus reducing perfusion and ischemia. As a result of ischemia, lactate concentration increases and fluid transfers into the cell. Then, diffusion restriction and a decrease in ADC values occur. Measurement of cerebral ADC values gives information about the neurological development of fetuses with hydrocephaly and can provide early recognition of problems that may occur in the postnatal period.
References
- 1.Ackerman S. (1992). Discovering the Brain. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
- 2.Schönberg N, Weisstanner C, Wiest R, et al. The Influence of Various Cerebral and Extracerebral Pathologies on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values in the Fetal Brain. J Neuroimaging. 2020;30(4):477-485. doi:10.1111/jon.12727
- 3.Pilu G, Perolo A, Falco P, Visentin A, Gabrielli S, Bovicelli L. Ultrasound of the fetal central nervous system. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. (2000) 12:93–103. doi: 10.1097/00001703-200004000-00007
- 4.Carta S, Kaelin Agten A, Belcaro C, Bhide A. Outcome of fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of isolated severe bilateral ventriculomegaly: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. (2018) 52:165–73. doi: 10.1002/uog.19038
- 5.Palmen SJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Kemner C, Schnack HG, Durston S, Lahuis BE, et al. Increased gray-matter volume in medication-naive high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder. Psychol Med. (2005) 35:561–70. doi: 10.1017/S0033291704003496
- 6. Jackson DC, Irwin W, Dabbs K, Lin JJ, Jones JE, Hsu DA, et al. Ventricular enlargement in new-onset pediatric epilepsies. Epilepsia. (2011) 52:2225–32. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03323.x
- 7. Wright IC, Sham P, Murray RM, Weinberger DR, Bullmore ET. Genetic contributions to regional variability in human brain structure: methods and preliminary results. Neuroimage. (2002) 17:256–71. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2002.116
- 8.Huisman TA. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging of the brain: is ventriculomegaly the tip of the syndromal iceberg? Semin Ultrasound CT MR. (2011) 32:491–509. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2011. 08.002
- 9.Weisstanner C, Gruber GM, Brugger PC, Mitter C, Diogo MC, Kasprian G, et al. Fetal MRI at 3T-ready for routine use? Br J Radiol. (2016) 90:20160362. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20160362
- 10.International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG). Sonographic examination of the fetal central nervous system for performing the ‘basic examination’ and the ‘fetal neurosonogram’. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. (2007) 29:109–16. doi: 10.1002/uog.3909
- 11.ErdemG, Celik O, Hascalik S, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging evaluation of subtle cerebral microstructural changes in intrauterine fetal hydrocephalus. Magn Reson Imaging 2007;25:1417-22.
- 12.GassA, Niendorf T, Hirsch JG. Acute and chronic changes of the apparent diffusion coefficient in neurological disorders–biophysical mechanisms and possible underlying histopathology. J Neurol Sci 2001;186 (Suppl 1):15-23.
- 13.SotakCH. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of tissue water and its relationship to cell volume changes in pathological states. Neurochem Int 2004;45:569-2
- 14.Braun KP, Dijkhuizen RM, de Graaf RA, Nicolay K, Vandertop WP, Gooskens RH, et al. Cerebral ischemia and white matter edema in experimental hydrocephalus: a combined in vivo MRI and MRS study. Brain Res 1997;757:295 – 8.
- 15.Righini A, Bianchini E, Parazzini C, Gementi P, Ramenghi L, Baldoli C, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient determination in normal fetal brain: a prenatal MR imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003; 24:799 – 804.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Medical Science Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 30, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | March 29, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022Volume: 44 Issue: 1 |