Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 44 Issue: 2, 211 - 217, 30.06.2022

Mikail Uyan , Kadir Tomas , Süleyman Kalcan , Ali Özdemir , Gökhan Demiral , Ahmet Pergel

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.1118859

Abstract

References

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  • 2. Adas G, Adas M, Özülker F, Akçakaya A. Thyroid Cancers. Okmeydanı Med J, 2012, 28: 26-34. https://doi.org/10.5222/otd.supp1.2012.026.
  • 3. Jameson JL, De Groot JL. Endocrinology adult and pediatric. In: Pacini F, Marchisotta S, De Groot JL. Thyroid neoplasia. Saunders Elsevier, 6th edition, Philadelphia 2010:1668-1701.
  • 4. World Health Organization. Pneumonia of Unknown Cause- China. WHO; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/. Accessed in 2020 (April 3).
  • 5. Chan Jasper FW, Yuan SF, Kok KH, To Kelvin KW, Chu H, Yang J, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet 2019; 395: 514– 23. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9.
  • 6. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. WHO; 2020. Available from: https:// www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-directorgeneral-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11- march-2020. Accessed in 2020 (March 11).
  • 7. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020;395:565-574. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8.
  • 8. Wong LE, Hawkins JE, Langness S, Murrell KL, Iris P, Sammann A. Where Are All the Patients? Addressing Covid-19 Fear to Encourage Sick Patients to Seek Emergency Care. NEJM Catalyst Innovations In Care Delivery. 2020. Available from: https://catalyst.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/CAT.20.0193. Accessed in 2021 (Jul 1).
  • 9.COVID-19 Data Portal Turkey. COVID-19 in Turkey. Available from: https://covid19.tubitak.gov.tr/. Accessed in 2022 (Fab 24).
  • 10. Di Saverio S, Pata F, Gallo G, Carrano F, Scorza A, Sileri P, et al. Coronavirus pandemic and colorectal surgery: practical advice based on the Italian experience. Colorectal Dis. 2020;22(6):625-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.15056.
  • 11.De Simone B, Chouillard E, Di Saverio S, Pagani L, Sartelli M, Biffl WL, et al. Emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: what you need to know for practice. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2020;102(5):323-32. https://doi. org/10.1308/rcsann.2020.0097.
  • 12.Coimbra R, Edwards S, Kurihara H, Bass GA, Balogh ZJ, Tilsed J, et al. European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) recommendations for trauma and emergency surgery preparation during times of COVID-19 infection. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2020;46(3):505-10. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2020.03.012.
  • 13.Guerci C, Maffioli A, Bondurri AA, Ferrario L, Lazzarin F, Danelli P. COVID-19: How can a department of general surgery survive in a pandemic? Surgery. 2020;167(6):909-11. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.surg.2020.03.012.
  • 14. SAGES and EAES Recommendations regarding surgical response to COVID-19 crisis - SAGES. Available from: https://www.sages.org/ recommendations-surgical-response-covid-19/. Accessed in 2021 (Jul 1).
  • 15. COVIDSurg Collaborative. Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Surg. 2020;107(9):1097-103. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11646.
  • 16. Grubbs EG, Rich TA, Li G, Sturgis EM, Younes MN, Myers JN, et al. Recent advances in thyroid cancer. Curr. Probl. Surg. 2008; 45(3), 156–250. https:// doi.org/ 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2007.12.010.
  • 17. Yao R, Chiu CG, Strugnell SS, Gill S, Wiseman SM. Gender differences in thyroid cancer: a critical review. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2011; 6(2), 215-243. https:// doi.org/ 10.1586/eem.11.9.
  • 18. Iribarren C, Haselkorn T, Tekawa IS, Friedman GD. Cohort study of thyroid cancer in a San Francisco Bay area population. Int. J. Cancer. 2001; 93, 745–750. https:// doi.org/ 10.1002/ijc.1377.
  • 19. Farahati J, Bucsky P, Parlowsky T, Mader U, Reiners C. Characteristics of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents with respect to age, gender, and histology. Cancer. 1997; 80(11), 2156–2162. https:// doi.org/ 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19971201)80:11<2156::aid-cncr16>3.0.co;2-y.
  • 20. Silva IDS, Swerdlow AJ. Sex differences in the risks of hormonedependent cancers. Am. J. Epidemiol.1993; 138(1), 10–28. https:// doi.org/ 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116773.
  • 21. Henderson BE, Ross RK, Pike MC, Casagrande JT. Endogenous hormones as a major factor in human cancer. Cancer Res. 1982; 42, 3232–3239.
  • 22. Burinicardi F Charles et al. Schwartz’s principels of surgery. In: Lal G, Clark HO. Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal. McGraw Hill Company, Ninth Edition, Newyork 2010:1343-1408.
  • 23. Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM. Williams textbook of endocrinology. In: Schlumberger JM, Filetti S, Hay DL. Nontoxic diffuse and nodular goiter and thyroid neoplasia. Saunders Elsevier, 12th edition, Philadelphia 2011:440-475.
  • 24. Gharib H, Papini E, Paschke R, Duick DS, Valvaci R, Hegedüs L, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Thyroid Association medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules: executive summary of recommendations. J Endocrinol Invest. 2010;33:287-291. https:// doi.org/ 10.4158/EP.16.3.468.
  • 25. Belfiore A, Giuffrida D, La Rosa GL, Ippolıto O, Russo G, Fiumara A, et al. High frequency of cancer in cold thyroid nodules occurring at young age. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1989;121:197-202. https:// doi.org/ 10.1530/acta.0.1210197.
  • 26. Marqusee E, Benson CB, Frates MC, Doubilet PM, Larsen PR, Cibas ES, et al. Usefulness of ultrasonography in the management of nodular thyroid disease. Annals of internal medicine. 2000; 133(9), 696-700. https:// doi.org/ 10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00011.
  • 27. Frates MC, Benson CB, Doubilet PM, Kunreuther E, Contreras M, Cibas ES, et al. Prevalence and distribution of carcinoma in patients with solitary and multiple thyroid nodules on sonography. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006;91(9), 3411-3417. https:// doi.org/ 10.1210/jc.2006-0690.
  • 28. Melo-Uribe MA, Sanabria Á, Romero-Rojas A, Pérez G, Vargas EJ, Abaúnza MC, et al. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology in Colombia: Correlation with histopathological diagnoses in oncology and non-oncology institutions. J Cytol. 2015;32:12-16. https:// doi.org/ 10.4103/0970-9371.155224.
  • 29. Alshaikh S, Harb Z, Aljufairi E, Almahari SA. Classification of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology into Bethesda categories: An institutional experience and review of the literature. Cytojournal. 2018;15:4. https://doi.org/10.4103/cytojournal.cytojournal_32_17. eCollection 2018.
  • 30. Saklamaz A, Sivrikoz O, Çökmez A. Papillary Carcinoma Incidentally Found in Graves’ Disease: A Case Report. Türk Jem. 2012;16:102-104. https:// doi.org/ 10.4274/Tjem.2036.
  • 31. Tuttle MR, Ross SD, Mulder EJ. Medullary thyroid cancer: Surgical treatment and prognosis.2012. Available from:https://www.medilib.ir/uptodate/show/2190. Accessed in 2021 (April 26).
  • 32. Beauchamp RD, Townsend MC, Sabiston DC, Evers BM, Mattox KL. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. In:Hanks BJ. Thyroid. Saunders Elsevier, 17th edition, Philadelphia 2004:947-999.
  • 33. Tsang VH, Gild M, Glover A, Clifton-Bligh R, Robinson BG. Thyroid cancer in the age of COVID-19. Endocrine-Related Cancer. 2020; 27(11), R407-R416. https:// doi.org/ 10.1530/ERC-20-0279.
  • 34. Smulever A, Abelleira E, Bueno F, Pitoia F. Thyroid cancer in the Era of COVID-19. Endocrine. 2020; 70(1), 1-5. https:// doi.org/ 10.1007/s12020-020-02439-6.
  • 35.vWhimbey E, Englund JA, Couch RB. Community respiratory virus infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer. Am j Med.1997;102 10–18; discussion 25–16. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/s0002-9343(97)80004-6.
  • 36. Rostan GG, Zhao H, Camp LR. RAS mutations are associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor prognosis in thyroid cancer. J of Clin Oncol. 2003;21:3226-3235. https:// doi.org/ 10.1200/JCO.2003.10.130.
  • 37. Uyan M, Özdemir A, Kalcan S, Tomas K, Demiral G, Pergel A, Tarım İ A. Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer surgery. Sao Paulo Medical Journal. 2022;140(2):244-249. https:// doi.org/ 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0357.R1.30062021.
  • 38. Kaplan EL. Thyroid and parathyroid. In: Schwartz Sl. Editor. Principles of surgery. 5th edition. Paris: Mc Graw – Hill Book Company , 1988; 2: 1613-1643.

The Progress of Thyroid Cancer in The Covid 19 Period

Year 2022, Volume: 44 Issue: 2, 211 - 217, 30.06.2022

Mikail Uyan , Kadir Tomas , Süleyman Kalcan , Ali Özdemir , Gökhan Demiral , Ahmet Pergel

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.1118859

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the thyroid cancer stage.
Methods : Our study includes a comparative analysis of two patient groups treated for thyroid cancer. Patients who were treated for thyroid cancer between 11 April 2018 and 11 March 2020 were included in Group 1, and patients who were treated for thyroid cancer between 11 March 2020 and 11 February 2022 during the COVID-19 epidemic were included in Group 2.
Results: Groups 1 and 2 included 163 and 117 patients, respectively. Patients with preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) as potentially malignant or malignant were significantly higher in Group 2 (p=0.001). When compared according to the postoperative pathological diagnoses, there was a significant difference between the groups, poorly differentiated thyroid cancer was more common in Group 2 (p=0.018). Pathological tumour diameter was significantly larger in Group 2 (p=0.001).
Conclusions: Patients with suspicious findings in terms of thyroid diseases and cancer applied to the hospital later, both because of the fear of contracting COVID-19 and as a result of the pandemic measures recommended and implemented by all world health authorities. These patients applied to the hospital with their complaints gradually increasing in the following periods, parallel to this, there was a delay in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer and the disease could be detected at a more advanced stage.

Keywords

COVID-19 thyroid cancer surgery

References

  • 1. Davies L, Welch HG. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, 1973-2002. JAMA 2006;18:2164-2167. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.18.2164.
  • 2. Adas G, Adas M, Özülker F, Akçakaya A. Thyroid Cancers. Okmeydanı Med J, 2012, 28: 26-34. https://doi.org/10.5222/otd.supp1.2012.026.
  • 3. Jameson JL, De Groot JL. Endocrinology adult and pediatric. In: Pacini F, Marchisotta S, De Groot JL. Thyroid neoplasia. Saunders Elsevier, 6th edition, Philadelphia 2010:1668-1701.
  • 4. World Health Organization. Pneumonia of Unknown Cause- China. WHO; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/. Accessed in 2020 (April 3).
  • 5. Chan Jasper FW, Yuan SF, Kok KH, To Kelvin KW, Chu H, Yang J, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet 2019; 395: 514– 23. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9.
  • 6. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. WHO; 2020. Available from: https:// www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-directorgeneral-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11- march-2020. Accessed in 2020 (March 11).
  • 7. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020;395:565-574. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8.
  • 8. Wong LE, Hawkins JE, Langness S, Murrell KL, Iris P, Sammann A. Where Are All the Patients? Addressing Covid-19 Fear to Encourage Sick Patients to Seek Emergency Care. NEJM Catalyst Innovations In Care Delivery. 2020. Available from: https://catalyst.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/CAT.20.0193. Accessed in 2021 (Jul 1).
  • 9.COVID-19 Data Portal Turkey. COVID-19 in Turkey. Available from: https://covid19.tubitak.gov.tr/. Accessed in 2022 (Fab 24).
  • 10. Di Saverio S, Pata F, Gallo G, Carrano F, Scorza A, Sileri P, et al. Coronavirus pandemic and colorectal surgery: practical advice based on the Italian experience. Colorectal Dis. 2020;22(6):625-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.15056.
  • 11.De Simone B, Chouillard E, Di Saverio S, Pagani L, Sartelli M, Biffl WL, et al. Emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: what you need to know for practice. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2020;102(5):323-32. https://doi. org/10.1308/rcsann.2020.0097.
  • 12.Coimbra R, Edwards S, Kurihara H, Bass GA, Balogh ZJ, Tilsed J, et al. European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) recommendations for trauma and emergency surgery preparation during times of COVID-19 infection. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2020;46(3):505-10. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2020.03.012.
  • 13.Guerci C, Maffioli A, Bondurri AA, Ferrario L, Lazzarin F, Danelli P. COVID-19: How can a department of general surgery survive in a pandemic? Surgery. 2020;167(6):909-11. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.surg.2020.03.012.
  • 14. SAGES and EAES Recommendations regarding surgical response to COVID-19 crisis - SAGES. Available from: https://www.sages.org/ recommendations-surgical-response-covid-19/. Accessed in 2021 (Jul 1).
  • 15. COVIDSurg Collaborative. Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Surg. 2020;107(9):1097-103. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11646.
  • 16. Grubbs EG, Rich TA, Li G, Sturgis EM, Younes MN, Myers JN, et al. Recent advances in thyroid cancer. Curr. Probl. Surg. 2008; 45(3), 156–250. https:// doi.org/ 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2007.12.010.
  • 17. Yao R, Chiu CG, Strugnell SS, Gill S, Wiseman SM. Gender differences in thyroid cancer: a critical review. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2011; 6(2), 215-243. https:// doi.org/ 10.1586/eem.11.9.
  • 18. Iribarren C, Haselkorn T, Tekawa IS, Friedman GD. Cohort study of thyroid cancer in a San Francisco Bay area population. Int. J. Cancer. 2001; 93, 745–750. https:// doi.org/ 10.1002/ijc.1377.
  • 19. Farahati J, Bucsky P, Parlowsky T, Mader U, Reiners C. Characteristics of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents with respect to age, gender, and histology. Cancer. 1997; 80(11), 2156–2162. https:// doi.org/ 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19971201)80:11<2156::aid-cncr16>3.0.co;2-y.
  • 20. Silva IDS, Swerdlow AJ. Sex differences in the risks of hormonedependent cancers. Am. J. Epidemiol.1993; 138(1), 10–28. https:// doi.org/ 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116773.
  • 21. Henderson BE, Ross RK, Pike MC, Casagrande JT. Endogenous hormones as a major factor in human cancer. Cancer Res. 1982; 42, 3232–3239.
  • 22. Burinicardi F Charles et al. Schwartz’s principels of surgery. In: Lal G, Clark HO. Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal. McGraw Hill Company, Ninth Edition, Newyork 2010:1343-1408.
  • 23. Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM. Williams textbook of endocrinology. In: Schlumberger JM, Filetti S, Hay DL. Nontoxic diffuse and nodular goiter and thyroid neoplasia. Saunders Elsevier, 12th edition, Philadelphia 2011:440-475.
  • 24. Gharib H, Papini E, Paschke R, Duick DS, Valvaci R, Hegedüs L, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Thyroid Association medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules: executive summary of recommendations. J Endocrinol Invest. 2010;33:287-291. https:// doi.org/ 10.4158/EP.16.3.468.
  • 25. Belfiore A, Giuffrida D, La Rosa GL, Ippolıto O, Russo G, Fiumara A, et al. High frequency of cancer in cold thyroid nodules occurring at young age. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1989;121:197-202. https:// doi.org/ 10.1530/acta.0.1210197.
  • 26. Marqusee E, Benson CB, Frates MC, Doubilet PM, Larsen PR, Cibas ES, et al. Usefulness of ultrasonography in the management of nodular thyroid disease. Annals of internal medicine. 2000; 133(9), 696-700. https:// doi.org/ 10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00011.
  • 27. Frates MC, Benson CB, Doubilet PM, Kunreuther E, Contreras M, Cibas ES, et al. Prevalence and distribution of carcinoma in patients with solitary and multiple thyroid nodules on sonography. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006;91(9), 3411-3417. https:// doi.org/ 10.1210/jc.2006-0690.
  • 28. Melo-Uribe MA, Sanabria Á, Romero-Rojas A, Pérez G, Vargas EJ, Abaúnza MC, et al. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology in Colombia: Correlation with histopathological diagnoses in oncology and non-oncology institutions. J Cytol. 2015;32:12-16. https:// doi.org/ 10.4103/0970-9371.155224.
  • 29. Alshaikh S, Harb Z, Aljufairi E, Almahari SA. Classification of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology into Bethesda categories: An institutional experience and review of the literature. Cytojournal. 2018;15:4. https://doi.org/10.4103/cytojournal.cytojournal_32_17. eCollection 2018.
  • 30. Saklamaz A, Sivrikoz O, Çökmez A. Papillary Carcinoma Incidentally Found in Graves’ Disease: A Case Report. Türk Jem. 2012;16:102-104. https:// doi.org/ 10.4274/Tjem.2036.
  • 31. Tuttle MR, Ross SD, Mulder EJ. Medullary thyroid cancer: Surgical treatment and prognosis.2012. Available from:https://www.medilib.ir/uptodate/show/2190. Accessed in 2021 (April 26).
  • 32. Beauchamp RD, Townsend MC, Sabiston DC, Evers BM, Mattox KL. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. In:Hanks BJ. Thyroid. Saunders Elsevier, 17th edition, Philadelphia 2004:947-999.
  • 33. Tsang VH, Gild M, Glover A, Clifton-Bligh R, Robinson BG. Thyroid cancer in the age of COVID-19. Endocrine-Related Cancer. 2020; 27(11), R407-R416. https:// doi.org/ 10.1530/ERC-20-0279.
  • 34. Smulever A, Abelleira E, Bueno F, Pitoia F. Thyroid cancer in the Era of COVID-19. Endocrine. 2020; 70(1), 1-5. https:// doi.org/ 10.1007/s12020-020-02439-6.
  • 35.vWhimbey E, Englund JA, Couch RB. Community respiratory virus infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer. Am j Med.1997;102 10–18; discussion 25–16. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/s0002-9343(97)80004-6.
  • 36. Rostan GG, Zhao H, Camp LR. RAS mutations are associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor prognosis in thyroid cancer. J of Clin Oncol. 2003;21:3226-3235. https:// doi.org/ 10.1200/JCO.2003.10.130.
  • 37. Uyan M, Özdemir A, Kalcan S, Tomas K, Demiral G, Pergel A, Tarım İ A. Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer surgery. Sao Paulo Medical Journal. 2022;140(2):244-249. https:// doi.org/ 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0357.R1.30062021.
  • 38. Kaplan EL. Thyroid and parathyroid. In: Schwartz Sl. Editor. Principles of surgery. 5th edition. Paris: Mc Graw – Hill Book Company , 1988; 2: 1613-1643.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Surgical Science Research Articles
Authors

Mikail Uyan 0000-0003-4595-4345

Kadir Tomas 0000-0003-4129-5725

Süleyman Kalcan 0000-0002-0829-7334

Ali Özdemir 0000-0002-6435-1868

Gökhan Demiral 0000-0003-2807-5437

Ahmet Pergel 0000-0002-0163-887X

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Acceptance Date June 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022Volume: 44 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Uyan M, Tomas K, Kalcan S, Özdemir A, Demiral G, Pergel A. The Progress of Thyroid Cancer in The Covid 19 Period. CMJ. June 2022;44(2):211-217. doi:10.7197/cmj.1118859