Case Report
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Kaşıntı: Spinal Tümörlerin Gözden Kaçan Bir Belirtisi

Year 2024, Volume: 46 Issue: 3, 222 - 225, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.1524426

Abstract

Giriş
Kronik kaşıntı, karmaşık yapısından dolayı sıklıkla ağrıyla ilişkilendirilir. Nöropatik kaşıntı, bugüne kadar hakkında fazla bir şey bilinmeyen, kronik kaşıntının bir şekli olarak tanımlanır. Bu durum çeşitli nörolojik olayların bir sonucu olarak gelişebilir ve somatosensoriyel sinir sistemindeki hasarla ilişkili kısmı, kronik kaşıntı vakalarının yaklaşık %10'unu oluşturur. Siringomiyeli, transvers miyelit, radikülopatiler, torasik omurga kitleleri, beyin tümörleri, felçler ve apseler bugüne kadar nöropatik kaşıntı ile ilişkililendirilmiş durumlar arasındadır.
Olgu
Bilinen herhangi bir hastalığı olmayan ve düzenli ilaç kullanımı olmayan 65 yaşında kadın hasta, iki yıldır devam eden kaşıntı şikayeti ile başvurdu. Kaşıntı başlangıçta iki taraflı diz altı fleksör yüzeylerinde yaklaşık beş santimetrelik alanda başlamıştı. Fizik muayenede kaşıntının olduğu bölgelerde eritematöz ekskoriye papüller görüldü. Hastanın kan şekeri, karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyon testleri, tam kan sayımı, eritrosit sedimantasyon hızı, tiroid fonksiyon testleri, idrar tahlili, dışkı parazitolojisi normal idi. Aynı bölgede soğukluk hissi bildiren hasta, olası nöropatik kaşıntının etiyolojisinin araştırılması için beyin cerrahisine yönlendirildi. Hastanın görüntülemesinde spinal tümör saptandı. Beyin cerrahisi tarafından gerçekleştirilen ameliyatta omurga kitlesi çıkarıldı ve hasta, ameliyat sonrası kaşıntılarının tamamen kaybolduğunu bildirdi.
Sonuç
Ağrının bir çeşidi olarak kaşıntı kavramı çok yeni olmamakla birlikte, merkezi veya periferik sinir sisteminde meydana gelen ve kaşıntının işlenmesinden sorumlu nöronları etkileyen herhangi bir hasar, nöropatik kaşıntıya yol açabilir. Omurilik patolojilerine odaklanacak olursak, spinal korda zarar veren herhangi bir durum, hasarın derecesine bağlı olarak kaşıntıya neden olabilir. Ağrı, sıcak veya soğuk hissi, paroksismal kaşıntının olduğu dermatomal kaşıntı durumlarında ek görüntüleme yöntemleri veya etiyolojiye yönelik araştırmalar yapılmalıdır.

References

  • 1. Ikoma A, Steinhoff M, Ständer S, Yosipovitch G, Schmelz M. The neurobiology of itch. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006;7(7):535-47.
  • 2. Dey DD, Landrum O, Oaklander AL. Central neuropathic itch from spinal-cord cavernous hemangioma: a human case, a possible animal model, and hypotheses about pathogenesis. Pain. 2005;113(1-2):233-7.
  • 3. Meixiong J, Dong X, Weng H-J. Neuropathic Itch. Cells. 2020;9(10):2263.
  • 4. Oaklander AL. Neuropathic itch. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2011;30(2):87-92.
  • 5. Goodkin R, Wingard E, Bernhard JD. Brachioradial pruritus: Cervical spine disease and neurogenic/neurogenic pruritus. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2003;48(4):521-4.
  • 6. Bernhard JD, Bordeaux JS. Medical pearl: the ice-pack sign in brachioradial pruritus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52(6):1073.
  • 7. Ikoma A, Cevikbas F, Kempkes C, Steinhoff M. Anatomy and neurophysiology of pruritus. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2011;30(2):64-70.
  • 8. Ju T, Yosipovitch G. Neuropathic pruritus associated with brain disorders. Itch. 2020;5(3):e37.
  • 9. Misery L. Neuropathic Pruritus Secondary to Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors. In: Misery L, Ständer S, editors. Pruritus. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 215-7.
  • 10. Heyl T. Brachioradial Pruritus. Archives of Dermatology. 1983;119(2):115-6.
  • 11. Kavak A, Dosoglu M. Can a spinal cord tumor cause brachioradial pruritus? Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2002;46(3):437-40.
  • 12. Poddar S, Mondal H, Podder I. Aetiology, pathogenesis and management of neuropathic itch: A narrative review with recent updates. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2023;90(1):5-18.
  • 13. Morimoto T, Yabuki S, Kugimoto Y, Asami A. Paroxysmal Itching in Syringomyelia with Chiari Malformation (Type I): A Case Report. Orthopedics & Traumatology. 2008;57(4):647-51.

Pruritus: An Overlooked Symptom of Spinal Tumors

Year 2024, Volume: 46 Issue: 3, 222 - 225, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.1524426

Abstract

Background
Chronic itch is often associated with pain due to its complex nature. Neuropathic pruritus is defined as a debilitating form of chronic itching, about which not much is known to date. This condition may develop as a result of various neurological events and is associated with damage to the somatosensory nervous system, accounting for approximately 10% of chronic itching cases. Syringomyelia, transverse myelitis, radiculopathies, thoracic spine masses, brain tumors, strokes, and abscesses are among the conditions associated with neuropathic itching to date.
Case presentation
A 65-year-old female patient, with no known diseases and no regular medication usage, presented with a complaint of itching that had been ongoing for the past two years. Itching initially started in approximately five cm areas on the bilateral below-knee flexor surfaces. The patient, whose complaints persisted, was referred to the internal medicine outpatient clinic by dermatology. On physical examination, erythematous excoriated papules were observed in the areas affected by itching. The patient's blood sugar, liver and kidney function tests, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thyroid function tests, urinalysis, stool parasitology were all normal or negative. The patient reported a sensation of coldness in the same area, was referred to neurosurgery to investigate the etiology of possible neuropathic itching. The patient's spinal imaging, revealed a spinal mass. She underwent surgery performed by a neurosurgeon, during which the spinal mass was completely removed. She reported that her itching had completely disappeared post-operatively.
Conclusions
The concept of itching as a variant of pain is not very new. Any damage occurring in the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system that affects the neurons responsible for transmitting and processing itch can lead to neuropathic itching. Focusing on spinal cord pathologies, any condition that damages the spinal cord may cause itching, depending on the level of damage. In cases of itching with dermatomal localization, where pain, hot or cold sensations, and paroxysmal itching are present, additional imaging methods or investigations for etiology should be performed.

References

  • 1. Ikoma A, Steinhoff M, Ständer S, Yosipovitch G, Schmelz M. The neurobiology of itch. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006;7(7):535-47.
  • 2. Dey DD, Landrum O, Oaklander AL. Central neuropathic itch from spinal-cord cavernous hemangioma: a human case, a possible animal model, and hypotheses about pathogenesis. Pain. 2005;113(1-2):233-7.
  • 3. Meixiong J, Dong X, Weng H-J. Neuropathic Itch. Cells. 2020;9(10):2263.
  • 4. Oaklander AL. Neuropathic itch. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2011;30(2):87-92.
  • 5. Goodkin R, Wingard E, Bernhard JD. Brachioradial pruritus: Cervical spine disease and neurogenic/neurogenic pruritus. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2003;48(4):521-4.
  • 6. Bernhard JD, Bordeaux JS. Medical pearl: the ice-pack sign in brachioradial pruritus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52(6):1073.
  • 7. Ikoma A, Cevikbas F, Kempkes C, Steinhoff M. Anatomy and neurophysiology of pruritus. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2011;30(2):64-70.
  • 8. Ju T, Yosipovitch G. Neuropathic pruritus associated with brain disorders. Itch. 2020;5(3):e37.
  • 9. Misery L. Neuropathic Pruritus Secondary to Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors. In: Misery L, Ständer S, editors. Pruritus. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 215-7.
  • 10. Heyl T. Brachioradial Pruritus. Archives of Dermatology. 1983;119(2):115-6.
  • 11. Kavak A, Dosoglu M. Can a spinal cord tumor cause brachioradial pruritus? Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2002;46(3):437-40.
  • 12. Poddar S, Mondal H, Podder I. Aetiology, pathogenesis and management of neuropathic itch: A narrative review with recent updates. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2023;90(1):5-18.
  • 13. Morimoto T, Yabuki S, Kugimoto Y, Asami A. Paroxysmal Itching in Syringomyelia with Chiari Malformation (Type I): A Case Report. Orthopedics & Traumatology. 2008;57(4):647-51.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Case Reports
Authors

Dilara Bulut Gökten 0000-0002-9226-7532

Murat Gokten 0000-0002-5659-4763

Rıdvan Mercan 0000-0003-1537-2192

Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date July 29, 2024
Acceptance Date September 11, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024Volume: 46 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Bulut Gökten D, Gokten M, Mercan R. Pruritus: An Overlooked Symptom of Spinal Tumors. CMJ. September 2024;46(3):222-225. doi:10.7197/cmj.1524426