EN
TR
Beyond Size and Number: The Predictive Power of Pre-Transplant AFP and Tumor Morphology on HCC Recurrence After Liver Transplantation
Öz
Objective: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of pre-transplant Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels combined with tumor morphological features (number, size, and localization) on early and late hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence following liver transplantation. The secondary aim was to assess the impact of these variables, along with tumor differentiation, vascular invasion, and response to pre-transplant locoregional therapies, on overall survival and postoperative mortality.
Method: A total of 77 patients (M/F: 68/9, mean age 62.6) who underwent liver transplantation for HCC were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative AFP levels, AFP scores, radiological tumor burden, and explant pathology results were retrieved from medical records. Primary endpoints were overall recurrence, early (12-month) and late (24-month) recurrence rates, and overall survival. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for statistical analysis.
Results: During a mean follow-up of 1305 days, the overall recurrence rate was 19.48% (n=15). Patients with recurrence had significantly larger maximum tumor diameters (35.13 ± 11.96 mm vs. 28.03 ± 17.34 mm; p=0.048) and a higher number of tumor nodules (3.67 ± 3.29 vs. 2.03 ± 1.68; p=0.022). Pre-transplant baseline AFP levels were significantly higher in patients who developed recurrence within 24 months compared to those who did not (146.99 ng/mL vs. 42.11 ng/mL; p=0.049). Furthermore, patients who exceeded the Milan criteria had significantly higher AFP scores than those within the criteria (3.09 vs. 1.67; p=0.032). Patients experiencing early recurrence (within 12 months) were significantly younger (57 vs. 63 years; p=0.040).
Conclusion: Preoperative AFP levels, along with increased tumor diameter and nodule count, are strong complementary predictors of postoperative HCC recurrence. In candidate selection and post-transplant risk stratification, incorporating biological markers, such as AFP, alongside morphological features is crucial, rather than relying solely on traditional static criteria.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Meischl T, Rasoul-Rockenschaub S, Győri G, Scheiner B, Trauner M, Soliman T, Berlakovich G, Pinter M. Alpha‐fetoprotein‐adjusted‐to‐HCC‐size criteria are associated with favourable survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur Gastroenterol Journal. 2021;9(2):209-219. doi:10.1177/2050640620948665
- 2. Toniutto P, Fornasiere E, Fumolo E, Bitetto D. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation. Hepatoma Res 2020;650. 2020;6(0):N/A-N/A. doi:10.20517/2394-5079.2020.40
- 3. Parraga X, Abdulrazzak E, Chumdermpadetsuk RR, Alsaqa M, Lingamsetty SP, Bonder A, Saberi B. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Liver Transplantation: Current Insights and Future Directions. J Clin Med. 2025;14(19):7009. doi:10.3390/jcm14197009
- 4. Fedele V, Pagano D, Coppolino D, Giacchetto MC, Galante A, Miraglia R, Di Francesco F, Petri SL, Vella I, Accardo C, Vitale I, Gruttadauria S. Pre-transplant assessment of the HCC recurrence risk. Eur J Transplantation. 2025;3(1):10-20. doi:10.57603/ejt-1569
- 5. Magro B, Pinelli D, De Giorgio M, et al. Pre-transplant alpha-fetoprotein> 25.5 and its dynamic on waitlist are predictors of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation for patients meeting Milan criteria. mdpi.comB Magro, D Pinel M Giorgio, MG Lucà, A Ghirardi, A Carrobio, G Baronio, L Del PreteCancers, 2021•mdpi.com. 2021;13(23). doi:10.3390/cancers13235976
- 6. Charrière B, Maulat C, Suc B, Muscari F. Contribution of alpha-fetoprotein in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.govB Charrière, C Maulat, B Suc, F MuscariWorld J Hepatol 2016•pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2016;8(21):881-890. doi:10.4254/wjh.v8.i21.881
- 7. Duvoux C, Roudot-Thoraval F, Decaens T, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a model including α-fetoprotein improves the performance of Milan criteria. ElsevierC Duvoux, F Roudot–Thoraval, T Decaens, F Pessione, H Badran, T Piardi, C Fr 2012•Elsevier. 2012;143(4). doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.052
- 8. Fatourou E, Suddle A, Research MH-H, 2018 undefined. Alpha-fetoprotein as a predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver transplantation. oaepublish.comEM Fatourou, AR Suddle, MA HeneghanHepatoma Res 2018•oaepublish.com. 2018;4(10):63. doi:10.20517/2394-5079.2018.62
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Tıp Eğitimi
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi
30 Haziran 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
15 Mart 2026
Kabul Tarihi
10 Mayıs 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 48 Sayı: 2
APA
Atlı, M., & Koc, S. (2026). Beyond Size and Number: The Predictive Power of Pre-Transplant AFP and Tumor Morphology on HCC Recurrence After Liver Transplantation. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal, 48(2), 52-60. https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.1910366
AMA
1.Atlı M, Koc S. Beyond Size and Number: The Predictive Power of Pre-Transplant AFP and Tumor Morphology on HCC Recurrence After Liver Transplantation. CMJ. 2026;48(2):52-60. doi:10.7197/cmj.1910366
Chicago
Atlı, Muzaffer, ve Suleyman Koc. 2026. “Beyond Size and Number: The Predictive Power of Pre-Transplant AFP and Tumor Morphology on HCC Recurrence After Liver Transplantation”. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal 48 (2): 52-60. https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.1910366.
EndNote
Atlı M, Koc S (01 Haziran 2026) Beyond Size and Number: The Predictive Power of Pre-Transplant AFP and Tumor Morphology on HCC Recurrence After Liver Transplantation. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal 48 2 52–60.
IEEE
[1]M. Atlı ve S. Koc, “Beyond Size and Number: The Predictive Power of Pre-Transplant AFP and Tumor Morphology on HCC Recurrence After Liver Transplantation”, CMJ, c. 48, sy 2, ss. 52–60, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.7197/cmj.1910366.
ISNAD
Atlı, Muzaffer - Koc, Suleyman. “Beyond Size and Number: The Predictive Power of Pre-Transplant AFP and Tumor Morphology on HCC Recurrence After Liver Transplantation”. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal 48/2 (01 Haziran 2026): 52-60. https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.1910366.
JAMA
1.Atlı M, Koc S. Beyond Size and Number: The Predictive Power of Pre-Transplant AFP and Tumor Morphology on HCC Recurrence After Liver Transplantation. CMJ. 2026;48:52–60.
MLA
Atlı, Muzaffer, ve Suleyman Koc. “Beyond Size and Number: The Predictive Power of Pre-Transplant AFP and Tumor Morphology on HCC Recurrence After Liver Transplantation”. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal, c. 48, sy 2, Haziran 2026, ss. 52-60, doi:10.7197/cmj.1910366.
Vancouver
1.Muzaffer Atlı, Suleyman Koc. Beyond Size and Number: The Predictive Power of Pre-Transplant AFP and Tumor Morphology on HCC Recurrence After Liver Transplantation. CMJ. 01 Haziran 2026;48(2):52-60. doi:10.7197/cmj.1910366