A study on the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata ethanol extract

Nuraniye Eruygur; Süleyman Çetin; Mehmet Ataş; Özge Çevik

doi:10.7197/223.v39i31705.347450

EN TR

A study on the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata ethanol extract

Abstract

Objective: Thymbra species are widely used in Turkish folk medicine as salad or herbal tea for antioxidant, antiseptic, antitussive, carminative, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. The present study was aimed to determine antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of ethanol crude extract prepared from Thymbra spicata L.var. spicata.

Method: The antioxidant properties of ethanol extract of Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata was investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis[3-ethylbenzthiazoline]-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, total flavonoid and total phenolic content analysis. Antimicrobial activity of the plant extract were determined using the microdilution method, while proliferative activity were evaluated by MTT assay on MCF-7 breast cancer and PC3 prostate cancer cell line.

Results: Total phenol and total flavonoid content were 216.75 ± 0.017 (equivalent of Gallic acid mg/g dry extract) and 78.17 ± 0.063 (equivalent of Quercetin mg/g), IC50 value for DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity was 16.91 µg/mL and 5.2 ± 0.009 µg/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial activity observed for the extract ranging between 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL as MIC value against tested microorganism. MTT assay was employed for evaluation of cytotoxic activity, ethanol extract demonstrated growth inhibitory effect against MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 value 340 µg/mL.

Conclusions: According to the obtained results, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Thymbra spicata L.var. spicata is scientifically support the widespread use of this plant among the people.

Keywords

Thymbra spicata L.var. spicata,antioxidant,antimicrobial,cytotoxicity

Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata etanol ekstresinin antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve sitotoksik etkisinin araştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Tymbra türleri halk arasında antioxidant, antiseptic, antitussive, karminatif, antienflamatuvar ve antimikrobiyal özelliklerinden dolayı salata ve bitkisel çay olarak yaygın kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı, Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata.’dan hazırlanan ham etanol özütünün antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve sitotoksik etkisini araştırmaktır.

Yöntem: T.spicata L.var. spicata etanol ekstresinin antioksidan aktivitesi DPPH ve ABTS serbest radikal süpürücü etki, total fenol ve total flavonoid miktar tayini yöntemleri kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Antimikrobiyal aktivitesi ise mikrodilüsyon metodu ile, sitotoksisite aktivitesi prostat kanseri PC3 hücre hattı kullanılarak MTT metoduyla değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Total fenol ve total flavonoit miktarı kuru ekstre bazında 216.75 ± 0.017 (gallik asite eşdeğer mg/g) ve 78.17 ± 0.063 (kersetine eşdeğer mg/g) olarak bulundu. DPPH ve ABTS radikal süpürücü etki IC50 değeri sırasıyla 16.91 µg/mL and 5.2 ± 0.009 µg/mL olarak bulundu. Etanol ekstresinin test edilen mikroorganizmalar karşı minimum inhibe edici konsantrasonu 1.25-2.5 mg/mL aralığında tespit edildi. Sitotoksik aktivitenin değerlendirilmesi için MTT testi kullanıldı, etanol ekstraktı MCF-7 meme kanseri hücrelerine karşı IC50 değeri 340 μg / mL olan büyümeyi önleyici bir etki gösterdi.

Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Thymbra spicata L.var. spicata bitkisinin antioxidant, antimikrobiyal ve sitotoksik aktivitesi bu bitkinin halk arasındakı yaygın kullanımını bilimsel yönden desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Thymbra spicata L.var. spicata,antioksidan,antimikrobiyal,sitotoksisite

Kaynakça

1. Zingue S, Job Tchoumtchoua DMN. Estrogenic and cytotoxic potentials of compounds isolated from Millettia macrophylla Benth (Fabaceae): towards a better understanding of its underlying mechanisms. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016; 16: 1.
2. Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak NC. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev 2010; 4: 118-26.
3. Abdulla Al-Mamun M, Husna J, Khatun M, Hasan R, Kamruzzaman M. Assessment of antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activity of two vegetable species of Amaranthus in Bangladesh. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016; 16: 157.
4. Halliwell BGJ. Cellular responses to oxidative stress: adaptation, damage, repair, senescence and death. In: Halliwell B GJ, ed. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007: 187-267.
5. Moniba Sajid, Muhammad Rashid Khan, Naseer Ali Shah, Sayed Afzal Shah, Hammad Ismai TY and ZZ. Phytochemical, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Alnus nitida bark in carbon tetrachloride challenged Sprague Dawley rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016; 16: 268.
6. Aswathanarayan JB VR. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Rotula aquatica and Ancistrocladus heyneanus antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants. J Pharm Res 2013; 6: 313-7.
7. H DP. Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1982.
8. Tanker, M., Ilisulu F. Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata: one of the plants used in Turkey as thyme. Turk J Bot 1984; 8: 104-8.

9. Kızıl S. Determination of essential oil variations of Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata naturally growing in the wild flora of East Mediterranean and Southeastern Anatolia regions of Turkey. Ind Crops Prod 2010; 32: 593-600.
10. Dogan S, Turan P, Dogan M, Arslan O AM. Partial characterization of peroxidase from the leaves of Thymbra plant (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata). Eur Food Res Technol 2007; 225: 865-71.
11. Blois M. Antioxidant determination by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 1958; 181: 1199-200.
12. Roberta Re, Nicoletta Pellegrini, Anna Proteggente, Ananth Pannala, Min Yang CR-E. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 26(9-10): 1231-7.
13. Hana M. Hammad, Camelia Albu, Suzan A. Matar, Simona-Carmen Litescu, Hala I. Al Jaber, Amal S. Abualraghib FUA. Biological activities of the hydro-alchoholic and aqueous extracts of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae) grown in Jordan. African J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 7: 1686-94.
14. Misbah H, Aziz AA AN. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Ficus deltoidea fruit extract and fractions. BMC Complement Altern Med 2013; 13: 118.
15. Eloff JN. A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria. Planta Med 1998; 64: 711-3. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957563.
16. Vittorazzi C, Endringer DC, Andrade TU De, Scherer R, Fronza M. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties of Struthanthus vulgaris. Pharm Biol 2015; 10:1-7. doi:10.3109/13880209.2015.1040515.
17. Yilmaz O, Akkaya H. Radical Scavenging Activity of Thymbra spicata and Quercus ithaburensis in a Fenton Reagent Environment and Their Protective Effects on Unsaturated Fatty Acids. 2012; 40: 34-40. doi:10.5053/ekoloji.2012.854.
18. Ceylan R, Zengin G, Uysal S, et al. GC-MS analysis and in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of essential oil from aerial parts of endemic Thymus spathulifolius Hausskn. et Velen. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31: 983-90. doi:10.3109/14756366.2015.1077822.
19. Iauk L, Acquaviva R, Mastrojeni S, et al. Antibacterial, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic effects of Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. et Link leaves’ fractions. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 30: 360-5. doi:10.3109/14756366.2014.930453.
20. Haroun MF, Al-kayali RS. Synergistic effect of Thymbra spicata L . extracts with antibiotics against multidrug- resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2016; 19: 1193-200.
21. Sabz Ali S, Rostam Zad A, Panahi J, Havasian M, Kaghani K, Bakhtiary S. Investigation on the inhibitory effects of Hydro-alcoholic extract of Thymbra spicata on the growth of Lung Cancer Cell Line SK-Mes-1. J Ilam Univ Med Sci 2014; 22: 153-8.
22. Hanci, S., Sahin, S., Yilmaz L. Isolation of volatile oil from thyme (Thymbra spicata) by steam distillation. Nahrung 2003; 47: 252-255.
23. Fitsiou E, Anestopoulos I, Chlichlia K, Galanis A, Biology M. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Properties of the Essential Oils of Satureja thymbra and Satureja parnassica and their Major Constituents. 2016; 5764: 5757-63. doi:10.21873/anticanres.11159.
24. Yin QH, Yan FX, Zu XY, Wu YH, Wu XP, Liao MC, Deng SW, Yin LL, Zhuang YZ.QH Y, FX Y, XY Z. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of carvacrol on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG-2. Cytotechnology 2012; 64: 43-51.
25. Arunasree K. Anti-proliferative effects of carvacrol on a human metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB 231. Phytomedicine 2010; 17(8-9): 581-8.
26. Mehdi SJ, Ahmad A, Irshad MD, Rizvi M. Cytotoxic effect of Carvacrol on human cervical cancer cells. Biol Med 2011; 3: 307-12.
27. Sivas H TÖ. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of the essential oil of Origanum onites and carvacrol on Hep-G2 cells. Univ J Sci Technol C Life Sci Biotechnol. 2011; 7: 171-80.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Nuraniye Eruygur

Süleyman Çetin

Mehmet Ataş

Özge Çevik

Yayımlanma Tarihi

19 Eylül 2017

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Haziran 2017

Kabul Tarihi

23 Ağustos 2017

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2017 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.7197/223.v39i31705.347450

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA66MW26LE

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

AMA

1.Eruygur N, Çetin S, Ataş M, Çevik Ö. A study on the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata ethanol extract. CMJ. 2017;39(3):531-538. doi:10.7197/223.v39i31705.347450