STEM CELL

Zehra Çoban; Şefik Güran

EN TR

Kök hücrede gen transferi ile istenen bir genin aktivasyonu veya susturulması uygulamalarının rejeneratif tıpta kullanımı

Abstract

Özet

İnsan kök hücresi kendine benzeyen hücreler oluşturabilen ve farklılaşma potansiyeline sahip özellikte hücrelerdir. Embriyonik kök hücreler farlı hücre tiplerine dönüşebildiği için kök hücre biyolojisinde ve rejeneratif tıpta paha biçilmez bir araçtır. Yeni gelişen gen teknolojileri ile ökaryot hücreye gen aktarımı mümkündür. Bu teknolojiler ile hücrede istenilen genlerin aktiflenmesi veya susturulması olasıdır. Uygun ortam sağlandığında normalde kapalı olan bazı genlerin aktif formlarının hücre çekirdeğine aktarılması ile farklanmış bir insan hücresinden indüklenmiş pluripotent kök hücreler elde edilmektedir. Bilindiği gibi, “small interference RNA” ve “micro RNA” lar hücrede gen fonksiyonlarını düzenlerler. Bu moleküller ökaryot hücrede gen susturulması amacı ile genellikle viral ve viral olmayan metodlar ile aktarılarak kullanılırlar. Gen susturulması teknolojisi, embriyonik kök hücre veya indüklenmiş pluripotent kök hücrelerin istenilen yönde örneğin bir nöron, pankreas veya kalp hücresi yönünde farklanmasında önemli bir araçtır. Tüm bu gelişmeler bize doku mühendisliği alanında hasta bazlı rejeneratif tıp uygulamalarının yapılabileceğini, kişiye özgü doku ve organ temininin mümkün olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar sözcükler: Embriyonal kök hücre, indüklenmiş pluripotent kök hücre, si RNA, mi RNA, rejeneratif tıp, gen transferi

Abstract

Human stem cell is a kind of special cell type which has self renewal capasity and differentiation potential. Embriyonic stem cells are an invaluable tool for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine as they have the capacity to differentiate into various functional cells. With the new gene technologies improved in recent years, it is possible to transfer a gene into a eukaryote cell. A desired gene can be activated or silenced via these technologies. In an appropriate condition, a differentiated human cell can be transformed into induced pluripotent stem cell by transforming the active form of some genes into the cell nucleus which are normally in inactivated form. As known, small interference RNA and micro RNA’s regulate the gene function in the cell. These molecules are generally transfected to eukaryote cells for gene silencing by using viral and non-viral transfection methodologies. Gene silencing technology is an important tool to drive induced pluripotent stem cell into a desired pathway becoming a differentiated neuronal cell, a pancreatic cell or a cardiac cell. These improvements may represent us a possibility of regeneration therapy applications in the future. This technology may provide us tissue and organ requirement in personal based conditions.

Keywords: Embriyonal stem cell, induced pluripotent stem cell, si RNA, mi RNA, regenerative medicine, gene transfection

Keywords

Embriyonal stem cell, induced pluripotent stem cell, si RNA, mi RNA, regenerative medicine, gene transfection

STEM CELL

Öz

SUMMARY Human stem cell is a kind of special cell type which has self renewal capasity and differentiation potential. Embriyonic stem cells are an invaluable tool for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine as they have the capacity to differentiate into various functional cells. With the new gene technologies improved in recent years, it is possible to transfer a gene into a eukaryote cell. A desired gene can be activated or silenced via these technologies. In an appropriate condition, a differentiated human cell can be transformed into an embryonic stem cell like type (induced pluripotent stem cell) by transforming the active form of some genes into the cell nucleus which are normally in inactivated form. As known, small interference RNA and micro RNA’s regulate the gene function in the cell. These molecules are generally transfected to eukaryote cells for gene silencing by using viral and non-viral transfection medhodologies. Gene silencing technology is an important tool to drive an embryonic stem cel or induced pluripotent stem cell into a desired pathway becoming a differentiated neuronal cell, a pancreatic cell or a cardiac cell. These improvements may represent us a possibility of regeneration therapy applications in the future. This technology may provide us tissue and organ requirement in personal based conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Embriyonal kök hücre, indüklenmiş pluripotent kök hücre, si RNA, mi RNA, rejeneratif tıp, gen transferi

Kaynakça

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