The association of subclinical inflammation and early repolarization patterns observed in healthy Turkish males

Burak Hünük

doi:10.7197/223.vi.518121

Araştırma Makalesi

Yıl 2019, , 121 - 130, 28.03.2019

Burak Hünük

https://doi.org/10.7197/223.vi.518121

Cited By: 1

Öz

Kaynakça

1. Haïssaguerre M, Derval N, Sacher F, Jesel L, Deisenhofer I, de Roy L, et al. Sudden Cardiac Arrest Associated with Early Repolarization. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2008 May 8 [cited 2018 Nov 5];358(19):2016–23. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18463377
2. Tikkanen JT, Anttonen O, Junttila MJ, Aro AL, Kerola T, Rissanen HA, et al. Long-Term Outcome Associated with Early Repolarization on Electrocardiography. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2009 Dec 24 [cited 2018 Nov 5];361(26):2529–37. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19917913
3. Patel RB, Ng J, Reddy V, Chokshi M, Parikh K, Subacius H, et al. Early repolarization associated with ventricular arrhythmias in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol [Internet]. 2010 Oct [cited 2018 Nov 5];3(5):489–95. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCEP.109.921130
4. Furukawa Y, Yamada T, Morita T, Iwasaki Y, Kawasaki M, Kikuchi A, et al. Early repolarization pattern associated with sudden cardiac death: long-term follow-up in patients with chronic heart failure. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol [Internet]. 2013 Jun [cited 2018 Nov 5];24(6):632–9. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jce.12093
5. Antzelevitch C. J wave syndromes: molecular and cellular mechanisms. J Electrocardiol [Internet]. 2013 Nov [cited 2018 Nov 5];46(6):510–8. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022073613004123
6. Maury P, Rollin A. Prevalence of early repolarisation/J wave patterns in the normal population. J Electrocardiol [Internet]. 2013 Sep [cited 2018 Nov 5];46(5):411–6. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002207361300335X
7. Patton KK, Ellinor PT, Ezekowitz M, Kowey P, Lubitz SA, Perez M, et al. Electrocardiographic Early Repolarization. Circulation [Internet]. 2016 Apr 12 [cited 2018 Nov 5];133(15):1520–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27067089
8. Tikkanen JT, Huikuri H V. Characteristics of “malignant” vs. “benign” electrocardiographic patterns of early repolarization. J Electrocardiol [Internet]. 2015 May [cited 2018 Nov 5];48(3):390–4. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022073614005081
9. Macfarlane PW, Antzelevitch C, Haissaguerre M, Huikuri H V., Potse M, Rosso R, et al. The Early Repolarization Pattern: A Consensus Paper. J Am Coll Cardiol [Internet]. 2015 Jul 28 [cited 2018 Nov 5];66(4):470–7. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073510971502478X?via%3Dihub
10. Ruparelia N, Chai JT, Fisher EA, Choudhury RP. Inflammatory processes in cardiovascular disease: a route to targeted therapies. Nat Rev Cardiol [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Jan 26];14(3):133–44. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27905474
11. Dhingra R, Gona P, Nam B-H, D’Agostino RB, Wilson PWF, Benjamin EJ, et al. C-reactive protein, inflammatory conditions, and cardiovascular disease risk. Am J Med [Internet]. 2007 Dec [cited 2019 Jan 26];120(12):1054–62. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18060926
12. Streitner F, Kuschyk J, Veltmann C, Ratay D, Schoene N, Streitner I, et al. Role of proinflammatory markers and NT-proBNP in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and an electrical storm. Cytokine [Internet]. 2009 Sep [cited 2019 Jan 26];47(3):166–72. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19604708
13. Lazzerini PE, Capecchi PL, Laghi-Pasini F. Systemic inflammation and arrhythmic risk: lessons from rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2016 Jun 1 [cited 2019 Jan 26];38(22):ehw208. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27252448
14. Bonny A, Tonet J, Márquez MF, De Sisti A, Temfemo A, Himbert C, et al. C-reactive protein levels in the brugada syndrome. Cardiol Res Pract [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2019 Jan 24];2011:341521. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22203916
15. Li A, Tung R, Shivkumar K, Bradfield JS. Brugada syndrome-Malignant phenotype associated with acute cardiac inflammation? Hear case reports [Internet]. 2017 Aug [cited 2019 Jan 26];3(8):384–8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28840105
16. Karavelioğlu Y, Karapınar H, Yüksel M, Memiç K, Sarak T, Kurt R, et al. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio is Predictor of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Cardioversion With Amiodarone. Clin Appl Thromb [Internet]. 2015 Jan 14 [cited 2019 Jan 26];21(1):5–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24431383
17. Muiesan ML, Agabiti-Rosei C, Paini A, Salvetti M. Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update. Eur Cardiol [Internet]. 2016 Aug [cited 2019 Jan 26];11(1):54–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30310447
18. Twig G, Afek A, Shamiss A, Derazne E, Tzur D, Gordon B, et al. White blood cell count and the risk for coronary artery disease in young adults. PLoS One [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2019 Jan 26];7(10):e47183. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23077568
19. Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim Y-H, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, et al. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. EP Eur [Internet]. 2018 Jan 1 [cited 2018 Nov 20];20(1):157–208. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29016841
20. Haïssaguerre M, Derval N, Sacher F, Jesel L, Deisenhofer I, de Roy L, et al. Sudden Cardiac Arrest Associated with Early Repolarization. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2008 May 8 [cited 2018 Nov 5];358(19):2016–23. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJMoa071968
21. Klingenberg R, Lüscher TF. Rheumatoid arthritis and coronary atherosclerosis: two cousins engaging in a dangerous liaison. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2015 Dec 21 [cited 2019 Jan 26];36(48):3423–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26443024
22. Gabriel SE. Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Am J Med [Internet]. 2008 Oct [cited 2019 Jan 26];121(10):S9–14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18926169
23. Karpouzas GA, Malpeso J, Choi T-Y, Li D, Munoz S, Budoff MJ. Prevalence, extent and composition of coronary plaque in patients with rheumatoid arthritis without symptoms or prior diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Ann Rheum Dis [Internet]. 2014 Oct 1 [cited 2019 Jan 26];73(10):1797–804. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23887286
24. Hussein AA, Gottdiener JS, Bartz TM, Sotoodehnia N, DeFilippi C, See V, et al. Inflammation and sudden cardiac death in a community-based population of older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Hear Rhythm [Internet]. 2013 Oct [cited 2019 Jan 26];10(10):1425–32. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23906927
25. Empana J-P, Jouven X, Canouï-Poitrine F, Luc G, Tafflet M, Haas B, et al. C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, Fibrinogen and Risk of Sudden Death in European Middle-Aged Men: The PRIME Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol [Internet]. 2010 Oct [cited 2019 Jan 26];30(10):2047–52. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651278
26. Medenwald D, Kors JA, Loppnow H, Thiery J, Kluttig A, Nuding S, et al. Inflammation and Prolonged QT Time: Results from the Cardiovascular Disease, Living and Ageing in Halle (CARLA) Study. Zirlik A, editor. PLoS One [Internet]. 2014 Apr 25 [cited 2019 Jan 24];9(4):e95994. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24770373
27. Sajadieh A, Nielsen OW, Rasmussen V, Hein HO, Abedini S, Hansen JF. Increased heart rate and reduced heart-rate variability are associated with subclinical inflammation in middle-aged and elderly subjects with no apparent heart disease. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2004 Mar [cited 2019 Jan 26];25(5):363–70. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15033247
28. London B, Baker LC, Lee JS, Shusterman V, Choi B-R, Kubota T, et al. Calcium-dependent arrhythmias in transgenic mice with heart failure. Am J Physiol Circ Physiol [Internet]. 2003 Feb [cited 2019 Jan 26];284(2):H431–41. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12388316
29. Petkova-Kirova PS, Gursoy E, Mehdi H, McTiernan CF, London B, Salama G. Electrical remodeling of cardiac myocytes from mice with heart failure due to the overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α. Am J Physiol Circ Physiol [Internet]. 2006 May [cited 2019 Jan 26];290(5):H2098–107. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339842
30. Hagiwara Y, Miyoshi S, Fukuda K, Nishiyama N, Ikegami Y, Tanimoto K, et al. SHP2-mediated signaling cascade through gp130 is essential for LIF-dependent ICaL, [Ca2+]i transient, and APD increase in cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol [Internet]. 2007 Dec [cited 2019 Jan 26];43(6):710–6. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17961593
31. Stumpf C, Simon M, Wilhelm M, Zimmermann S, Rost C, Achenbach S, et al. Left atrial remodeling, early repolarization pattern, and inflammatory cytokines in professional soccer players. J Cardiol [Internet]. 2016 Jul [cited 2019 Jan 24];68(1):64–70. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0914508715002713
32. Miyazaki S, Shah AJ, Haïssaguerre M. Early Repolarization Syndrome. Circ J [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Jul 3];74(10):2039–44. Available from: http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/circj/CJ-10-0753?from=CrossRef
33. Haïssaguerre M, Sacher F, Nogami A, Komiya N, Bernard A, Probst V, et al. Characteristics of Recurrent Ventricular Fibrillation Associated With Inferolateral Early Repolarization. J Am Coll Cardiol [Internet]. 2009 Feb [cited 2018 Nov 5];53(7):612–9. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109708038035

The association of subclinical inflammation and early repolarization patterns observed in healthy Turkish males

Yıl 2019, , 121 - 130, 28.03.2019

Burak Hünük

https://doi.org/10.7197/223.vi.518121

Cited By: 1

Öz

Objective: Early
repolarization pattern (ER) on surface ECG has recently been associated with an
increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to lethal ventricular
arrhythmias. Inflammatory markers such as high-sensitive-C-reactive peptide
(hs-CRP) have been linked with an increased risk of SCD and cardiac morbidity
in numerous publications for various cardiovascular settings. However, data
about the relationship between the inflammatory markers and ER is scarce. We
sought to evaluate the relationship of subclinical inflammatory markers and the
presence of ER on healthy Turkish males.

Materials and Methods: 180 healthy male volunteers between ≥18 to ≤50 years old without any
cardiac/systemic disorders were evaluated for our study. Supine surface ECG,
complete blood count, hs-CRP, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum
electrolytes were obtained. Subjects with complete-bundle-branch-blocks,
non-sinus-rhythms and any abnormality on cardiac examination were excluded. ER
was defined as J-point elevation of ≥0.1 mV in ≥2 leads in the inferior (II,
III, aVF) (Inferior ER), lateral (DI, aVL, V4–6) (Lateral ER) or both
(Inferolateral ER) leads.

Results: 172 subjects (mean age 34,9±7,9 years) were included
in our analyses. 45 ER (26%) was detected. 22 of them were lateral (49%), 13
was inferior (29%) and 10 of them were (22%) inferolateral ER. ER+ subjects had
significantly higher hs-CRP levels (mg/dl, mean±SD) (ER- 1.7±1.8 vs ER+ 3.1±2.9, p<0.01). No significant association could be
demonstrated with other inflammatory parameters. In the subgroup analyses, only
inferior ER was significantly associated with higher hs-CRP levels compared
with the ER - population, while hs-CRP levels of subjects with lateral and
infero-lateral ER was not significantly higher (ER- 1.7±1.8
vs Inferior ER 4.5
± 3.1, p<0,01). In
multivariate analyses, high hs-CRP levels were significantly predicting the
presence of ER (Odds ratio: 1,24; %95 CI: 1,06 - 1,46; p = 0,008).

Conclusions:
Subclinical inflammation might influence the
prevalence of ER on young healthy males. Suggestively more malignant Inferior
ER seems to be mainly associated with the high hs-CRP levels in Turkish male
population. This finding might be attributed to the experimentally demonstrated
effects of inflammation on various cardiac ion channel functions taking part in
the cardiac action potential.

Anahtar Kelimeler

c-reactive peptide, complete blood count, early repolarization pattern, electrocardiogram, male

Kaynakça

1. Haïssaguerre M, Derval N, Sacher F, Jesel L, Deisenhofer I, de Roy L, et al. Sudden Cardiac Arrest Associated with Early Repolarization. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2008 May 8 [cited 2018 Nov 5];358(19):2016–23. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18463377
2. Tikkanen JT, Anttonen O, Junttila MJ, Aro AL, Kerola T, Rissanen HA, et al. Long-Term Outcome Associated with Early Repolarization on Electrocardiography. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2009 Dec 24 [cited 2018 Nov 5];361(26):2529–37. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19917913
3. Patel RB, Ng J, Reddy V, Chokshi M, Parikh K, Subacius H, et al. Early repolarization associated with ventricular arrhythmias in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol [Internet]. 2010 Oct [cited 2018 Nov 5];3(5):489–95. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCEP.109.921130
4. Furukawa Y, Yamada T, Morita T, Iwasaki Y, Kawasaki M, Kikuchi A, et al. Early repolarization pattern associated with sudden cardiac death: long-term follow-up in patients with chronic heart failure. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol [Internet]. 2013 Jun [cited 2018 Nov 5];24(6):632–9. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jce.12093
5. Antzelevitch C. J wave syndromes: molecular and cellular mechanisms. J Electrocardiol [Internet]. 2013 Nov [cited 2018 Nov 5];46(6):510–8. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022073613004123
6. Maury P, Rollin A. Prevalence of early repolarisation/J wave patterns in the normal population. J Electrocardiol [Internet]. 2013 Sep [cited 2018 Nov 5];46(5):411–6. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002207361300335X
7. Patton KK, Ellinor PT, Ezekowitz M, Kowey P, Lubitz SA, Perez M, et al. Electrocardiographic Early Repolarization. Circulation [Internet]. 2016 Apr 12 [cited 2018 Nov 5];133(15):1520–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27067089
8. Tikkanen JT, Huikuri H V. Characteristics of “malignant” vs. “benign” electrocardiographic patterns of early repolarization. J Electrocardiol [Internet]. 2015 May [cited 2018 Nov 5];48(3):390–4. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022073614005081
9. Macfarlane PW, Antzelevitch C, Haissaguerre M, Huikuri H V., Potse M, Rosso R, et al. The Early Repolarization Pattern: A Consensus Paper. J Am Coll Cardiol [Internet]. 2015 Jul 28 [cited 2018 Nov 5];66(4):470–7. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073510971502478X?via%3Dihub
10. Ruparelia N, Chai JT, Fisher EA, Choudhury RP. Inflammatory processes in cardiovascular disease: a route to targeted therapies. Nat Rev Cardiol [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Jan 26];14(3):133–44. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27905474
11. Dhingra R, Gona P, Nam B-H, D’Agostino RB, Wilson PWF, Benjamin EJ, et al. C-reactive protein, inflammatory conditions, and cardiovascular disease risk. Am J Med [Internet]. 2007 Dec [cited 2019 Jan 26];120(12):1054–62. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18060926
12. Streitner F, Kuschyk J, Veltmann C, Ratay D, Schoene N, Streitner I, et al. Role of proinflammatory markers and NT-proBNP in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and an electrical storm. Cytokine [Internet]. 2009 Sep [cited 2019 Jan 26];47(3):166–72. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19604708
13. Lazzerini PE, Capecchi PL, Laghi-Pasini F. Systemic inflammation and arrhythmic risk: lessons from rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2016 Jun 1 [cited 2019 Jan 26];38(22):ehw208. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27252448
14. Bonny A, Tonet J, Márquez MF, De Sisti A, Temfemo A, Himbert C, et al. C-reactive protein levels in the brugada syndrome. Cardiol Res Pract [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2019 Jan 24];2011:341521. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22203916
15. Li A, Tung R, Shivkumar K, Bradfield JS. Brugada syndrome-Malignant phenotype associated with acute cardiac inflammation? Hear case reports [Internet]. 2017 Aug [cited 2019 Jan 26];3(8):384–8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28840105
16. Karavelioğlu Y, Karapınar H, Yüksel M, Memiç K, Sarak T, Kurt R, et al. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio is Predictor of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Cardioversion With Amiodarone. Clin Appl Thromb [Internet]. 2015 Jan 14 [cited 2019 Jan 26];21(1):5–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24431383
17. Muiesan ML, Agabiti-Rosei C, Paini A, Salvetti M. Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update. Eur Cardiol [Internet]. 2016 Aug [cited 2019 Jan 26];11(1):54–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30310447
18. Twig G, Afek A, Shamiss A, Derazne E, Tzur D, Gordon B, et al. White blood cell count and the risk for coronary artery disease in young adults. PLoS One [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2019 Jan 26];7(10):e47183. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23077568
19. Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim Y-H, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, et al. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. EP Eur [Internet]. 2018 Jan 1 [cited 2018 Nov 20];20(1):157–208. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29016841
20. Haïssaguerre M, Derval N, Sacher F, Jesel L, Deisenhofer I, de Roy L, et al. Sudden Cardiac Arrest Associated with Early Repolarization. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2008 May 8 [cited 2018 Nov 5];358(19):2016–23. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJMoa071968
21. Klingenberg R, Lüscher TF. Rheumatoid arthritis and coronary atherosclerosis: two cousins engaging in a dangerous liaison. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2015 Dec 21 [cited 2019 Jan 26];36(48):3423–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26443024
22. Gabriel SE. Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Am J Med [Internet]. 2008 Oct [cited 2019 Jan 26];121(10):S9–14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18926169
23. Karpouzas GA, Malpeso J, Choi T-Y, Li D, Munoz S, Budoff MJ. Prevalence, extent and composition of coronary plaque in patients with rheumatoid arthritis without symptoms or prior diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Ann Rheum Dis [Internet]. 2014 Oct 1 [cited 2019 Jan 26];73(10):1797–804. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23887286
24. Hussein AA, Gottdiener JS, Bartz TM, Sotoodehnia N, DeFilippi C, See V, et al. Inflammation and sudden cardiac death in a community-based population of older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Hear Rhythm [Internet]. 2013 Oct [cited 2019 Jan 26];10(10):1425–32. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23906927
25. Empana J-P, Jouven X, Canouï-Poitrine F, Luc G, Tafflet M, Haas B, et al. C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, Fibrinogen and Risk of Sudden Death in European Middle-Aged Men: The PRIME Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol [Internet]. 2010 Oct [cited 2019 Jan 26];30(10):2047–52. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651278
26. Medenwald D, Kors JA, Loppnow H, Thiery J, Kluttig A, Nuding S, et al. Inflammation and Prolonged QT Time: Results from the Cardiovascular Disease, Living and Ageing in Halle (CARLA) Study. Zirlik A, editor. PLoS One [Internet]. 2014 Apr 25 [cited 2019 Jan 24];9(4):e95994. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24770373
27. Sajadieh A, Nielsen OW, Rasmussen V, Hein HO, Abedini S, Hansen JF. Increased heart rate and reduced heart-rate variability are associated with subclinical inflammation in middle-aged and elderly subjects with no apparent heart disease. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2004 Mar [cited 2019 Jan 26];25(5):363–70. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15033247
28. London B, Baker LC, Lee JS, Shusterman V, Choi B-R, Kubota T, et al. Calcium-dependent arrhythmias in transgenic mice with heart failure. Am J Physiol Circ Physiol [Internet]. 2003 Feb [cited 2019 Jan 26];284(2):H431–41. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12388316
29. Petkova-Kirova PS, Gursoy E, Mehdi H, McTiernan CF, London B, Salama G. Electrical remodeling of cardiac myocytes from mice with heart failure due to the overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α. Am J Physiol Circ Physiol [Internet]. 2006 May [cited 2019 Jan 26];290(5):H2098–107. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339842
30. Hagiwara Y, Miyoshi S, Fukuda K, Nishiyama N, Ikegami Y, Tanimoto K, et al. SHP2-mediated signaling cascade through gp130 is essential for LIF-dependent ICaL, [Ca2+]i transient, and APD increase in cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol [Internet]. 2007 Dec [cited 2019 Jan 26];43(6):710–6. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17961593
31. Stumpf C, Simon M, Wilhelm M, Zimmermann S, Rost C, Achenbach S, et al. Left atrial remodeling, early repolarization pattern, and inflammatory cytokines in professional soccer players. J Cardiol [Internet]. 2016 Jul [cited 2019 Jan 24];68(1):64–70. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0914508715002713
32. Miyazaki S, Shah AJ, Haïssaguerre M. Early Repolarization Syndrome. Circ J [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Jul 3];74(10):2039–44. Available from: http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/circj/CJ-10-0753?from=CrossRef
33. Haïssaguerre M, Sacher F, Nogami A, Komiya N, Bernard A, Probst V, et al. Characteristics of Recurrent Ventricular Fibrillation Associated With Inferolateral Early Repolarization. J Am Coll Cardiol [Internet]. 2009 Feb [cited 2018 Nov 5];53(7):612–9. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109708038035

Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Araştırma Yazıları
Yazarlar	Burak Hünük 0000-0001-6080-8608
Yayımlanma Tarihi	28 Mart 2019
Kabul Tarihi	25 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

AMA	Hünük B. The association of subclinical inflammation and early repolarization patterns observed in healthy Turkish males. CMJ. Mart 2019;41(1):121-130. doi:10.7197/223.vi.518121

Cited By

Efficacy of Electrical Cardioversion in Relation to Occurrence and Type of Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Journal of Clinical Medicine

https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082069

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