Autonomy levels of final year baccalaureate nursing students attending different curricula: Cross-sectional survey
Öz
SUMMARY
Objective: It is important for nursing students who will provide health care in the future to become professionals with high levels of autonomy. However, there is very limited information on this issue in the national or international literature. This study descriptive and cross-sectional design was carried out to determine autonomy levels of final year baccalaureate nursing students attending schools with different curricula.
Methods: The study included 464 students studying in six different nursing schools in Turkey. Of these nursing schools, two have the classical education program, third have the integrated education program and one has the problem-based learning program. Data was collected with the Personal Information Form and Autonomy subscale of the Sociotropy/Autonomy Scale.
Results. Of the students, 93.8% were female and their mean age was 22.73 ± 1.25. Of the students, 26.7% stated that they did not feel that they belonged to the nursing profession. The mean score students obtained from scale was 80.62 ± 16.75. Although the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05), autonomy levels of the students attending the integrated program were higher than those of the students in the other two programs.
Conclusion. As a result, if the total GA score to be obtained from the scale is accepted to range between 0 and 120, it can be said that autonomy levels of the nursing students who attended the schools with different curricula were determined to be higher than moderate, but lower than it should be. Therefore, it can be suggested that all the curricula implemented in nursing schools in Turkey should be revised and strengthened so that all the students’ autonomy levels can be developed.
Keywords: Nursing education, nursing students, autonomy, Turkey
ÖZET
Amaç: Gelecekte sağlık hizmeti verecek olan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin otonomi düzeyleri yüksek profesyoneller olmaları önemlidir. Ancak bu alanda ulusal ve uluslar arası literatür bilgisi oldukça sınırlı düzeydedir. Bu çalışma farklı müfredat programlarında öğrenim gören son sınıf hemşirelik öğrencilerinin otonomi düzeylerini belirlemek amacı ile kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırma Türkiye’de klasik program ile eğitim yürütülen iki, entegre program ile üç ve probleme dayalı program (PDÖ) ile bir olmak üzere altı hemşirelik okulunda öğrenim gören toplam 464 öğrenci üzerinde yapılmıştır. Verilerin elde edilmesinde Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Sosyotropi-Otonomi Ölçeği’nin Otonomi Alt Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerinin %93,8’inin cinsiyeti kız ve yaş ortalaması 22,73 ± 1,25’tir. Öğrencilerin %26,7’si kendini hemşirelik mesleğine ait hissetmediğini belirtmiştir. Öğrencilerin, Genel Otonomi puan ortalaması 80,62 ± 16,75’dir. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmaksızın (p>0,05), entegre program yürütülen okul öğrencilerinin otonomi düzeyleri diğer program öğrencilerine göre daha yüksektir.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, ölçekten elde edilecek toplam GO puan ranjının 0-120 olduğu göz önüne alındığında, genel olarak lisans düzeyinde farklı müfredat programlarında öğrenim gören son sınıf hemşirelik öğrencilerin otonomilerinin orta düzeyden yüksek, ancak olması gerekenden daha düşük olduğu söylenebilir. Bu anlamda Türkiye’de uygulanan tüm hemşirelik müfredat programlarının öğrencilerde otonom özellikleri geliştirmeye yönelik yeniden gözden geçirilmesi ve güçlendirilmesi gerektiği ifade edilebilir.
Anahtar sözcükler: Hemşirelik eğitimi, hemşirelik öğrencileri, otonomi, Türkiye
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
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- Aveyard H. Is there a concept of autonomy that can usefully inform nursing practice. J Adv Nurs 2000; 32: 352-8.
- Caldwell CL, Wasson D, Brighton V, Dixon L, Anderson MA. Per- sonal autonomy: Development of a nursing outcomes classification la- bel. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2003; 9: 167-72.
- Collins JA, Pheler SR. Develop- mental theories. In Potter PA, Per- ry AG, editor. Fundamentals of Nursing, Concepts, Process, Prac- tice. 5th Ed. St. Louis: Mosby Inc 2001; 154-69.
- Kozier B, Erb G, Berman A, Snyder S. Concepts of growth and development. Fundamentals of Nursing, Concepts, Process and Practice. 7th Ed. New Jersey, Up- per Saddle River: Pearson Educa- tion Inc 2004; 352-67.
- Wong DL. Developmental influ- ences on child health promotion. Whaley and Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing. 5th Ed. St. Lou- is: Mosby-Year Book Inc 1997;
- Arend AJG, Gooding S. Profes- sional and ethic problems. In Learning material on nursing (LEMON). 9th Section. Edited by Platin N. Project of the World Health Organization & T.C. Minis- try of Health General Directorate of Treatment Services, Publication Number: 609, Ankara, Turkey: Printing House of General Direc- torate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning 1998; 19-25.
- Mc Donald C. Nurse autonomy as relational. Nurs Ethics 2002; 9: 194-201.
- Seren Ş. Professionalism and pro- fessional autonomy. Hemşirelik Forumu 2001; 4: 21-3.
- Steward J, Stansfield K, Tapp D. Clinical nurses’ understanding of autonomy. J Nurs Adm 2004; 34: 443-50.
- Wood J, Triedje L. Practice in au- tonomously: A comparison of nurses. Public Health Nursing 1986; 3: 130-9.
- Boylan A. The value of nursing: Professional demands. Nursing Times 1992; 88: 42-3.
- Fullbrook S. Contemporaneous nursing: A conclusion to the 2008 series. Br J Nurs 2008; 17: 1420-1.
- Wynd CA. Current factors con- tributing to professionalism in nursing. J Prof Nurs 2003; 19:
- Collins SS, Henderson MC. Au- tonomy: Part of the nursing role? Nursing Forum 1991; 26: 23-9. NL, Tschetter G, Corsan PP, Winterbo- er VJ. Teaching core nursing val- ue. J Prof Nurs 2005; 21: 46-51.
- Finn CP. Autonomy: An important component nurses’ job satisfac- tion. Int J Nurs Stud 2001; 38: 349-54.
- Mrayyan MT. Nurses’ autonomy: Influence of nurse managers’ ac- tions. J Adv Nurs 2004; 45: 326- 36.
- Varjus SL, Suominen T. Profes- sional autonomy of nurses in hos- pital settings-a review of the litera- türe. Scand J Caring Sci 2011; 25: 201-7.
- Wade GH. Professional nurse au- tonomy: Concept analysis and ap- plication to nursing education. J Adv Nurs 1999; 30: 310-8.
- Breda KL, Anderson MA, Hansen L, Hayes D, Pillion C, Lyon P. Enhanced through participatory action re- search. Nurs Outlook 1997; 45: 76-81. autonomy
- Boughn S. Nursing students rank high in autonomy of the exit level. J Nurs Educ 1992; 31: 58-64.
- Boughn S. A lack of autonomy in the contemporary nursing student: A comperative study. J Nurs Educ 1988; 27: 150-5.
- Dwyer DJ, Schwartz RH, Fox ML. Decision making autonomy in nursing. J Nurs Adm 1992; 22: 17- 23.
- Kikuchi A, Harada T. The rela- tionship between professional au- tonomy and demographic and psy- chological variables in nursing. Kongo Kangyu 1997; 30: 23-35.
- McGrath A, Reid N, Boore J. Oc- cupational stress in nursing. Int J Nurs Stud 2003; 40: 555-65.
- Manninen E. Changes in nursing students? Perceptions of nursing as they progress through their educa- tion. J Adv Nurs 1998; 27: 390-8.
- Meerabeau E. Be good, sweet maid and let who can be clever: A counter reformation in English nursing education. Int J Nurs Stud 2004; 41: 285-92.
- Papathanassoglou EDE, Tseroni M, Karydaki A, Vazaiou G, Kassikou J, Laudaniti M. Practice and clinical decision-making au- tonomy Hellenic critical care nurs- es. J Nurs Manag 2005; 13: 154- 64.
- Pinch W. Ethical dilemmas in nursing: The role of the nurse and perceptions of autonomy. J Nurs Educ 1985; 24: 372-6.
- Karagözoğlu Ş. Science, scientific research process and nursing. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2006; 13:
- Karagozoglu S, Kangallı P. Nurses levels of autonomy: Some profes- sional-institutional factors that af- fect autonomy. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2009; 29: 1085-97.
- Mailloux CG. The extent to which students perceptions of faculties teaching strategies, students’ con- text, and perceptions of learner empowerment predict perceptions of autonomy in BSN students. Nurse Educ Today 2006; 26: 578- 85.
- Karagozoglu S. Level of autonomy of Turkish students in the final year of university baccalaureate degree in health related fields. Nurs Outlook 2008; 56: 70-7.
- Bayık A. Nursing and theoretical research culture. In: 2nd National Research in Nursing Symposium: Where are we with Research Cul- ture and Nursing? Ankara, Turkey: HEMAR-G Derneği, Odak Ofset 2004; 39-56.
- Bayık A. Development in nursing education in our country and edu- cation problems. Ege University School of Nursing Journal 1991; 7: 29-40.
- Velioğlu P. Nursing faculty and nursing students’ perception of practical education: nursing’s in- tellectual foundations. Istanbul, Turkey: Alaş Ofset Matbaası 1994;
- Karagozoglu S. Nursing Students level of autonomy: A study from Turkey. Nurse Educ Today 2009; 29: 176-87.
- Karagozoglu S, Kahve E, Koc O, Adamisoglu D. Self esteem and assertiveness of final year Turkish university students. Nurse Educ Today 2008; 28: 641-9.
- Tiwari A, Averey A, Lai P. Criti- cal thinking disposition of Hong Kong, Chinese and Australian nursing students. J Adv Nurs 2003; 44: 298-307.
- ÖSYM. 2011 ÖSYM. Higher Edu- cation Guide. Higher Education Pro- grams. http://www.osym.gov.tr/dosya/1- 57952/h/2011tablo4-2172011.pdf. Accessed on December 18, 2011).
- Şahin NH, Ulusoy M. Exploring the sociotropy autonomy dimen- sions in a sample of Turkish psy- chiatric inpatient. J Clin Psychol 1993; 49: 751-63.
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Farklı müfredat programlarında öğrenim gören hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencilerinin otonomi düzeyleri: Kesitsel çalışma
Öz
Amaç: Gelecekte sağlık hizmeti verecek olan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin otonomi düzeyleri yüksek profesyoneller olmaları önemlidir. Ancak bu alanda ulusal ve uluslar arası literatür bilgisi oldukça sınırlı düzeydedir. Bu çalışma farklı müfredat programlarında öğrenim gören son sınıf hemşirelik öğrencilerinin otonomi düzeylerini belirlemek amacı ile kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma Türkiye’de klasik program ile eğitim yürütülen iki, entegre program ile üç ve probleme dayalı program (PDÖ) ile bir olmak üzere altı hemşirelik okulunda öğrenim gören toplam 464 öğrenci üzerinde yapılmıştır. Verilerin elde edilmesinde Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Sosyotropi-Otonomi Ölçeği’nin Otonomi Alt Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerinin %93,8’inin cinsiyeti kız ve yaş ortalaması 22,73 ± 1,25’tir. Öğrencilerin %26,7’si kendini hemşirelik mesleğine ait hissetmediğini belirtmiştir. Öğrencilerin, Genel Otonomi puan ortalaması 80,62 ± 16,75’tir. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmaksızın (p>0,05), entegre program yürütülen okul öğrencilerinin otonomi düzeyleri diğer program öğrencilerine göre daha yüksektir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, ölçekten elde edilecek toplam GO puan ranjının 0-120 olduğu göz önüne alındığında, genel olarak lisans düzeyinde farklı müfredat programlarında öğrenim gören son sınıf hemşirelik öğrencilerin otonomilerinin orta düzeyden yüksek, ancak olması gerekenden daha düşük olduğu söylenebilir. Bu anlamda Türkiye’de uygulanan tüm hemşirelik müfredat programlarının öğrencilerde otonom özellikleri geliştirmeye yönelik yeniden gözden geçirilmesi ve güçlendirilmesi gerektiği ifade edilebilir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Ballou K. A concept analysis of autonomy. J Prof Nurs 1998; 14: 102-10.
- Keenan J. A concept analysis of autonomy. J Adv Nurs 1999; 29: 556-62.
- Aveyard H. Is there a concept of autonomy that can usefully inform nursing practice. J Adv Nurs 2000; 32: 352-8.
- Caldwell CL, Wasson D, Brighton V, Dixon L, Anderson MA. Per- sonal autonomy: Development of a nursing outcomes classification la- bel. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2003; 9: 167-72.
- Collins JA, Pheler SR. Develop- mental theories. In Potter PA, Per- ry AG, editor. Fundamentals of Nursing, Concepts, Process, Prac- tice. 5th Ed. St. Louis: Mosby Inc 2001; 154-69.
- Kozier B, Erb G, Berman A, Snyder S. Concepts of growth and development. Fundamentals of Nursing, Concepts, Process and Practice. 7th Ed. New Jersey, Up- per Saddle River: Pearson Educa- tion Inc 2004; 352-67.
- Wong DL. Developmental influ- ences on child health promotion. Whaley and Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing. 5th Ed. St. Lou- is: Mosby-Year Book Inc 1997;
- Arend AJG, Gooding S. Profes- sional and ethic problems. In Learning material on nursing (LEMON). 9th Section. Edited by Platin N. Project of the World Health Organization & T.C. Minis- try of Health General Directorate of Treatment Services, Publication Number: 609, Ankara, Turkey: Printing House of General Direc- torate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning 1998; 19-25.
- Mc Donald C. Nurse autonomy as relational. Nurs Ethics 2002; 9: 194-201.
- Seren Ş. Professionalism and pro- fessional autonomy. Hemşirelik Forumu 2001; 4: 21-3.
- Steward J, Stansfield K, Tapp D. Clinical nurses’ understanding of autonomy. J Nurs Adm 2004; 34: 443-50.
- Wood J, Triedje L. Practice in au- tonomously: A comparison of nurses. Public Health Nursing 1986; 3: 130-9.
- Boylan A. The value of nursing: Professional demands. Nursing Times 1992; 88: 42-3.
- Fullbrook S. Contemporaneous nursing: A conclusion to the 2008 series. Br J Nurs 2008; 17: 1420-1.
- Wynd CA. Current factors con- tributing to professionalism in nursing. J Prof Nurs 2003; 19:
- Collins SS, Henderson MC. Au- tonomy: Part of the nursing role? Nursing Forum 1991; 26: 23-9. NL, Tschetter G, Corsan PP, Winterbo- er VJ. Teaching core nursing val- ue. J Prof Nurs 2005; 21: 46-51.
- Finn CP. Autonomy: An important component nurses’ job satisfac- tion. Int J Nurs Stud 2001; 38: 349-54.
- Mrayyan MT. Nurses’ autonomy: Influence of nurse managers’ ac- tions. J Adv Nurs 2004; 45: 326- 36.
- Varjus SL, Suominen T. Profes- sional autonomy of nurses in hos- pital settings-a review of the litera- türe. Scand J Caring Sci 2011; 25: 201-7.
- Wade GH. Professional nurse au- tonomy: Concept analysis and ap- plication to nursing education. J Adv Nurs 1999; 30: 310-8.
- Breda KL, Anderson MA, Hansen L, Hayes D, Pillion C, Lyon P. Enhanced through participatory action re- search. Nurs Outlook 1997; 45: 76-81. autonomy
- Boughn S. Nursing students rank high in autonomy of the exit level. J Nurs Educ 1992; 31: 58-64.
- Boughn S. A lack of autonomy in the contemporary nursing student: A comperative study. J Nurs Educ 1988; 27: 150-5.
- Dwyer DJ, Schwartz RH, Fox ML. Decision making autonomy in nursing. J Nurs Adm 1992; 22: 17- 23.
- Kikuchi A, Harada T. The rela- tionship between professional au- tonomy and demographic and psy- chological variables in nursing. Kongo Kangyu 1997; 30: 23-35.
- McGrath A, Reid N, Boore J. Oc- cupational stress in nursing. Int J Nurs Stud 2003; 40: 555-65.
- Manninen E. Changes in nursing students? Perceptions of nursing as they progress through their educa- tion. J Adv Nurs 1998; 27: 390-8.
- Meerabeau E. Be good, sweet maid and let who can be clever: A counter reformation in English nursing education. Int J Nurs Stud 2004; 41: 285-92.
- Papathanassoglou EDE, Tseroni M, Karydaki A, Vazaiou G, Kassikou J, Laudaniti M. Practice and clinical decision-making au- tonomy Hellenic critical care nurs- es. J Nurs Manag 2005; 13: 154- 64.
- Pinch W. Ethical dilemmas in nursing: The role of the nurse and perceptions of autonomy. J Nurs Educ 1985; 24: 372-6.
- Karagözoğlu Ş. Science, scientific research process and nursing. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2006; 13:
- Karagozoglu S, Kangallı P. Nurses levels of autonomy: Some profes- sional-institutional factors that af- fect autonomy. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2009; 29: 1085-97.
- Mailloux CG. The extent to which students perceptions of faculties teaching strategies, students’ con- text, and perceptions of learner empowerment predict perceptions of autonomy in BSN students. Nurse Educ Today 2006; 26: 578- 85.
- Karagozoglu S. Level of autonomy of Turkish students in the final year of university baccalaureate degree in health related fields. Nurs Outlook 2008; 56: 70-7.
- Bayık A. Nursing and theoretical research culture. In: 2nd National Research in Nursing Symposium: Where are we with Research Cul- ture and Nursing? Ankara, Turkey: HEMAR-G Derneği, Odak Ofset 2004; 39-56.
- Bayık A. Development in nursing education in our country and edu- cation problems. Ege University School of Nursing Journal 1991; 7: 29-40.
- Velioğlu P. Nursing faculty and nursing students’ perception of practical education: nursing’s in- tellectual foundations. Istanbul, Turkey: Alaş Ofset Matbaası 1994;
- Karagozoglu S. Nursing Students level of autonomy: A study from Turkey. Nurse Educ Today 2009; 29: 176-87.
- Karagozoglu S, Kahve E, Koc O, Adamisoglu D. Self esteem and assertiveness of final year Turkish university students. Nurse Educ Today 2008; 28: 641-9.
- Tiwari A, Averey A, Lai P. Criti- cal thinking disposition of Hong Kong, Chinese and Australian nursing students. J Adv Nurs 2003; 44: 298-307.
- ÖSYM. 2011 ÖSYM. Higher Edu- cation Guide. Higher Education Pro- grams. http://www.osym.gov.tr/dosya/1- 57952/h/2011tablo4-2172011.pdf. Accessed on December 18, 2011).
- Şahin NH, Ulusoy M. Exploring the sociotropy autonomy dimen- sions in a sample of Turkish psy- chiatric inpatient. J Clin Psychol 1993; 49: 751-63.
- Şahin NH, Ulusoy M, Şahin N. Sociotropy-autonomy scale. In: Savaşır I, Şahin NH, editor. Tools frequently used in cognitive and behavioral therapy. Ankara, Tur- key: Turkish Psychologists Society Publication 1997; 54-60.
- Beck AT, Epstein N, Harrison RP, Emery J. Development of the So- ciotropy-Autonomy measure of personality factors in psychopathology. University of Pennsylvania 1983. 46. Çıtak Tunç G, Akansel N,
- Ozdemir A. Factor’s affecting ca
- reer choices of nursing and health
- officer program students. Maltepe
- Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve
- Sanatı Dergisi 2010; 3: 24-31.
- Güdücü Tüfekci F, Yıldız A. The students reasons of nursing prefer- ence and ideas about their future. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2009; 12: 31-7.
- Orak S, Orhan H, Ağırman Ö, Özgürce B. Süleyman Demirel University model in nurse-midwife education: Isparta Health Collage intern students knowledge and be- havior about in integrated applica- tion in clinical field. S. D. Ü. Tıp Fak. Derg 2008; 15: 11-6.
- Sümbüloğlu V, Özcanarslan F, Gürhan N. Nursing as ideal a pro- fession for women according to middle school and high school girls. Türk Hemşireler Dergisi 1987; 37: 36-41.
- Yanıkkerem E, Altıparmak S, Ka- radeniz G. Factors affecting the se- lection of professional and self- esteem of young people: The Case of Manisa School of Health Sci- ences. Hemşirelik Forumu 2004; 7: 60-7.
- Özpancar N, Aydın N, Akansel N. Determination of beginning nurs- ing students’ perceptions about nursing profession. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2008; 12: 9- 17. Hemşirelik
- Başer G. Social characteristics of nursing students who attend high schools, school rankings and rea- sons Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 1995; 2: 11- 20. preferred.
- Bozkır G, Taşcı N, Altuntaş Ç, Ar- sak A, Balgı Ö, Kaya E, Güngör N, Pekmezci K, İktu F, Kavlu B, Çelik S. The viewpoint to nursing of male students attending Health College and three-year student in the High School. Üniversite ve Toplum 2008; 8: 1-17.
- Dinç S, Kaya Ö, Şimşek Z. Knowledge, opinion and expecta- tions of students in Harran Univer- sity School of Nursing. Atatürk Üniversitesi Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2007; 10: 1- 9. Hemşirelik
- Kızğut S, Ergöl Ş. Health colleges students perceptions of nursing and their views on nursing roles and the future of nursing. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2011; 14:10-5.
- Tan M, Yuncu S, Şentürk Ö, Yıldız Ö. Point of view on nursing of university students. Atatürk Ün- iversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2007; 10: 22-9.
- Yılmaz M, Karadağ G. How do male nurses perceive nursing pro- fession? Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi 2011; 4: 21-8. Üniversitesi
- Emiroğlu N. Sağlık personelinin ve toplumun hemşirelik imajı. Hemşirelik 2000; 1: 9-17. Dergisi
- Anderson EP. The perspective of student nurses and their percep- tions of professional nursing dur- ing the nurse training programme. J Adv Nurs 1993; 18: 808-15.
- Karaöz S. Change in nursing stu- dents perceptions of nursing dur- ing their education: the role of the introduction to nursing course in this change. Nurse Educ Today 2004; 24: 128-35.
- Mendez D, Louis D. College stu- dents image of nursing as a career choice. AORN J 1991; 53: 1238- 43.
- Mooney M, Glacken M, O’Brien F. Choosing nursing as a career: A qualitative study. Nurse Educ To- day 2008; 28: 385-92.
- San Turgay A, Karaca B, Çeber E, Aydemir G. The investigated of perceptions of nursing profession in nursing students. Atatürk Ün- iversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2005; 8: 54-62.
- Turan N, Öztürk A, Kaya H, Ata- bek Aştı T. Gender and nursing. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi 2011; 4: 167-73.
- Arıkan D, Karaman Z, Yağcı G. The perspective of Nursing Col- lege’s students to male nurses on educational and professional life. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2000; 3: 36- 43.
- Kaya N, Turan N, Öztürk A. Men nurse Uluslararası Dergisi 2011; 8: 16-30. Turkey. Bilimleri İnsan
- Koç Z, Bal C, Sağlam Z. The view of female nursing students towards male nursing students. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi; Sempozyum Özel Sayısı 2010; 331-4.
- Koç Z, Bal C, Sağlam Z. Detection of perception of male student nurses about nursing. Maltepe Ün- iversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi Sempozyum Özel Sayısı 2010; 318-23.
- Saritaş S, Karadağ M, Yildirim D. School for health sciences univer- sity students opinions about male nurses. J Prof Nurs 2009; 25: 279- 84.
- Kocaer Ü, Öztop T, Usta N, Gökçek D, Bahçecik N, Öztürk H, Paslı E. Male members in nursing. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2004; 7: 23- 9.
- Kaya H, Akçin E. Learning styles and nursing education. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2002; 6: 31- 5. Hemşirelik
- Kumcağız H, Koyuncu S, Aydın G, Yılmaz A, Uzun A, Güneştaş I. Determination of problems theo- retical and practical training of students department of Samsun Health Sciences School of Nurs- ing. O. M. U. Tıp Dergisi 2005; 22: 71-7.
- Orgun F, Özkütük N, Bayık A. The opinions and the proposal re- lated to the teaching system of the nurse students. Ege University School of Nursing Journal 2007; 23: 89-102.
- Susan AS. Drawing on three dis- cursive modes in learning disabil- ity nurse education. Nurse Educ Today 2009; 29: 188-95.
- Kocaman G. Nursing education problems and solutions in Turkey. World Nurses Day Special Edi- tion. Ankara, Turkey: Odak Ofset 2006; 166-96.
- Çetinkaya Duman Z, Akbaş H. Nursing students attitudes towards problem-based learning. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi 2010; 3: 146-52.
- Buldukoğlu K, Kantek F, Oncel S. Education assessment and im- provement study: Opinions of the first three term graduates of Antal- ya Health School. Hemşirelik Fo- rumu 2004; 7: 8-16.
- Karaöz S. General view of clinical education in nursing and recom- mendations for effective clinical education. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 2003; 1: 15-20.
- Çelikkalp Ü, Aydın A, Temel M. The views of students in the nurs- ing department of a high school regarding to the education re- ceived. Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi 2010; 3: 2-14. Üniversitesi
- Yiğit R, Esenay IF, Derebent E. The Profile of senior nursing stu- dents in Turkey. Cumhuriyet Ün- iversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2007; 11: 1-12.
- Kuzu N, Bayramova N, Korkmaz G, Tasdemir G. The views of nurs- ing students and health officer in the health school regarding to the education received and future. Hemşirelik Forumu 2003; 6: 40-4.
- Spitzer A, Perrenoud B. Reforms in nursing education across West- ern Europe: Implementatıon pro- cesses and current status. J Prof Nurs 2006; 22: 162-71. 83. Bölükbaş N. The socio- demographic characteristics and opinions connected with education of the students in Ordu Health School. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2006; 9: 49-57. Üniversitesi
Toplam 85 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Temel Tıp Bilimleri Araştırma Yazıları |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Temmuz 2015 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2015 |