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Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular thickness in amblyopic children

Yıl 2021, , 232 - 240, 30.09.2021

Damla Culha , Mustafa Arıcı

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.821209

Öz

Objective: To compare central macular and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) among patients with hyperopic anisometropic, strabismic and mixed amblyopia and healthy controls.
Method: This prospective, cross-sectional study included 39 amblyopic children, their fellow eyes and 20 healthy individuals. Central macular and RNFL (superior, nasal, inferior and temporal quadrants and mean RNFL) thicknesses were measured with SD-OCT.
Results: Difference was not statistically significant in the central macular thickness when the anisometropic, strabismic and mixed amblyopia groups were compared among themselves, fellow eyes and healthy control group.
In the anisometropic amblyopic group, the inferior RNFL and nasal RNFL values were significantly thicker compared to the fellow eyes (p=0.009, p=0.028, respectively). Mean RNFL measurements were significantly thicker in anisometropic and mixed groups in the amblyopic eyes compared to the fellow eyes (p=0.009, p=0.031, respectively). In the temporal quadrant, the RNFL was found to be statistically significantly thinner in the anisometropic and mixed amblyopic groups compared to the fellow eyes (p=0.049, p=0.010, respectively).
Conclusions: There was no considerably difference in the central macular thickness among the amblyopia groups, fellow eyes and healthy controls. However, significant changes were found in the mean RNFL and certain quadrants of the RNFL thicknesses in the anisometropic and mixed amblyopic groups.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Amblyopia Macular Thickness Optical Coherence Tomography Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness

Destekleyen Kurum

Cumhuriyet University (Scientific Research Project)

Proje Numarası

T-621

Kaynakça

  • 1. Von Noorden GK, Campos EC. Examination of the Patient 4:Amblyopia. In: Lampert R, Cox K, Burke D, eds. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility. 6th ed. United States of America; Mosby Harcourt; 2002:246-87.
  • 2. Attebo K, Mitchell P, Cumming R, Smith W, Jolly N, Sparkes R. Prevalence and causes of amblyopia in an adult population. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(1):154-159.
  • 3. Gursoy H, Basmak H, Yaz Y, Colak E. Vision screening in children entering school: Eskisehir, Turkey. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2013;20(4):232-238.
  • 4. Azizoğlu S, Crewther SG, Şerefhan F, Barutchu A, Göker S, Junghans BM. Evidence for the need for vision screening of school children in Turkey. BMC Ophthalmol. 2017;17(1):230.
  • 5. Wiesel TN, Hubel DH. Effects of Visual Deprivation on Morphology and Physiology of Cells in the Cats Lateral Geniculate Body. J Neurophysiol. 1963;26:978-993.
  • 6. Wiesel TN, Hubel DH. Single-cell Responces in Striate Cortex of Kittens Deprived of Vision in One Eye. J Neurophysiol. 1963;26:1003-1017.
  • 7. Barnes GR, Hess RF, Dumoulin SO, Achtman RL, Pike GB. The cortical deficit in humans with strabismic amblyopia. J Physiol. 2001;533(Pt 1):281-297.
  • 8. Mendola JD, Conner IP, Roy A, et al. Voxel-based analysis of MRI detects abnormal visual cortex in children and adults with amblyopia. Hum Brain Mapp. 2005;25(2):222-236.
  • 9. Hess RF, Thompson B, Gole G, Mullen KT. Deficient responses from the lateral geniculate nucleus in humans with amblyopia. Eur J Neurosci. 2009;29(5):1064-1070.
  • 10. Lempert P. Retinal area and optic disc rim area in amblyopic, fellow, and normal hyperopic eyes: a hypothesis for decreased acuity in amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(12):2259-2261.
  • 11. Chen W, Lou J, Thorn F, et al. Retinal Microvasculature in Amblyopic Children and the Quantitative Relationship Between Retinal Perfusion and Thickness. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(4):1185-1191.
  • 12. Pineles SL, Demer JL. Bilateral abnormalities of optic nerve size and eye shape in unilateral amblyopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148(4):551-557.e2.
  • 13. Prokosch-Willing V, Meyer zu Hoerste M, Mertsch S, Stupp T, Thanos S. Postnatal visual deprivation in rats regulates several retinal genes and proteins, including differentiation-associated fibroblast growth factor-2. Dev Neurosci. 2015;37(1):14-28.
  • 14. Alotaibi AG, Al Enazi B. Unilateral amblyopia: Optical coherence tomography findings. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2011;25(4):405-409.
  • 15. Rajavi Z, Sabbaghi H, Behradfar N, Yaseri M, Aghazadeh Amiri M, Faghihi M. Macular Thickness in Moderate to Severe Amblyopia. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2018;32(4):312-318.
  • 16. Kasem MA, Badawi AE. Changes in macular parameters in different types of amblyopia: optical coherence tomography study. Clin Ophthalmol. 2017;11:1407-1416.
  • 17. Lekskul A, Wuthisiri W, Padungkiatsagul T. Evaluation of retinal structure in unilateral amblyopia using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. J AAPOS. 2018;22(5):386-389.
  • 18. Kantarci FA, Tatar MG, Uslu H, et al. Choroidal and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in adults with anisometropic amblyopia [published correction appears in Eur J Ophthalmol. 2016 Dec 29;27(1):113]. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2015;25(5):437-442.
  • 19. Firat PG, Ozsoy E, Demirel S, Cumurcu T, Gunduz A. Evaluation of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, macula and ganglion cell thickness in amblyopia using spectral optical coherence tomography. Int J Ophthalmol. 2013;6(1):90-94.
  • 20. Bruce A, Pacey IE, Bradbury JA, Scally AJ, Barrett BT. Bilateral changes in foveal structure in individuals with amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(2):395-403.
  • 21. Tekin K, Kızıltoprak H, İnanç M, Şekeroglu MA. Evaluation of Retinal Layers in Hyperopic Anisometropic Amblyopia by Optical Coherence Tomography Segmentation Analysis. Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol.
  • 22. Sefi-Yurdakul N, Cosar A, Koc F. Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness in Patients with Strabismic and Anisohypermetropic Amblyopia. Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol 2014;23(4):201-6
  • 23. Andalib D, Javadzadeh A, Nabai R, Amizadeh Y. Macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in unilateral anisometropic or strabismic amblyopia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2013;50(4):218-221.
  • 24. Dickmann A, Petroni S, Salerni A, Dell'Omo R, Balestrazzi E. Unilateral amblyopia: An optical coherence tomography study. J AAPOS. 2009;13(2):148-150.
  • 25. Agrawal S, Singh V, Singhal V. Cross-sectional study of macular thickness variations in unilateral amblyopia. J Clin Ophthalmol Res 2014;2:15-7.
  • 26. Sahin G, Dal D. Analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in anisometropic amblyopia via optic coherence tomography. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019;257(10):2103-2110.
  • 27. Yen MY, Cheng CY, Wang AG. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in unilateral amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(7):2224-2230.
  • 28. Yoon SW, Park WH, Baek SH, Kong SM. Thicknesses of macular retinal layer and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2005;19(1):62-67.
  • 29. Salchow DJ, Oleynikov YS, Chiang MF, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal children measured with optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(5):786-791.
  • 30. Budenz DL, Anderson DR, Varma R, et al. Determinants of normal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by Stratus OCT [published correction appears in Ophthalmology. 2008 Mar;115(3):472]. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(6):1046-1052.
  • 31. Oner V, Aykut V, Tas M, Alakus MF, Iscan Y. Effect of refractive status on peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness: a study by RTVue spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(1):75-79.
  • 32. Öner V, Özgür G, Türkyilmaz K, Şekeryapan B, Durmus M. Effect of axial length on retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2014;24(2):265-272.
  • 33. Aykut V, Öner V, Taş M, Işcan Y, Ağaçhan A. Influence of axial length on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children: a study by RTVue spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Curr Eye Res. 2013;38(12):1241-1247.
  • 34. Savini G, Barboni P, Parisi V, Carbonelli M. The influence of axial length on retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and optic-disc size measurements by spectral-domain OCT. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(1):57-61.
  • 35. Kusbeci T, Karti O, Karahan E, Oguztoreli M. The Evaluation of Anatomic and Functional Changes in Unilateral Moderate Amblyopic Eyes Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Pupil Cycle Time. Curr Eye Res. 2017;42(12):1725-1732.
  • 36. Kok PH, de Kinkelder R, Braaksma-Besselink YC, et al. Anomalous relation between axial length and retinal thickness in amblyopic children. J AAPOS. 2013;17(6):598-602.
  • 37. Yassin SA, Al-Tamimi ER, Al-Hassan S. Macular and retinal nerve fiber thickness in recovered and persistent amblyopia. Int Ophthalmol. 2015;35(6):833-842.
  • 38. Miki A, Shirakashi M, Yaoeda K, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in recovered and persistent amblyopia. Clin Ophthalmol. 2010;4:1061-1064. Published 2010 Sep 20.
  • 39. Huynh SC, Samarawickrama C, Wang XY, et al. Macular and nerve fiber layer thickness in amblyopia: the Sydney Childhood Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2009;116(9):1604-1609. 40. Pang Y, Frantz KA, Block S, Goodfellow GW, Allison C. Effect of Amblyopia Treatment on Macular Thickness in Eyes With Myopic Anisometropic Amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(4):2677-2683.
  • 41. Kavitha V, Heralgi MM, Harishkumar PD, Harogoppa S, Shivaswamy HM, Geetha H. Analysis of macular, foveal, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia and their changes following occlusion therapy. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019;67(7):1016-1022.
  • 42. Tugcu B, Araz-Ersan B, Erdogan ET, et al. Structural and functional comparison of the persistent and resolved amblyopia. Doc Ophthalmol. 2014;128(2):101-109.
  • 43. Yoon DH, Chun BY. Comparison of the Thickness and Volume of the Macula and Fovea in Patients with Anisometropic Amblyopia Prior to and after Occlusion Therapy. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2018;32(1):52-58.
  • 44. Chen W, Chen J, Huang J, Xu J, Zhang F, Lu F. Comparison of macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in untreated and treated binocular amblyopia. Curr Eye Res. 2013;38(12):1248-1254.

Yıl 2021, , 232 - 240, 30.09.2021

Damla Culha , Mustafa Arıcı

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.821209

Öz

Proje Numarası

T-621

Kaynakça

  • 1. Von Noorden GK, Campos EC. Examination of the Patient 4:Amblyopia. In: Lampert R, Cox K, Burke D, eds. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility. 6th ed. United States of America; Mosby Harcourt; 2002:246-87.
  • 2. Attebo K, Mitchell P, Cumming R, Smith W, Jolly N, Sparkes R. Prevalence and causes of amblyopia in an adult population. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(1):154-159.
  • 3. Gursoy H, Basmak H, Yaz Y, Colak E. Vision screening in children entering school: Eskisehir, Turkey. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2013;20(4):232-238.
  • 4. Azizoğlu S, Crewther SG, Şerefhan F, Barutchu A, Göker S, Junghans BM. Evidence for the need for vision screening of school children in Turkey. BMC Ophthalmol. 2017;17(1):230.
  • 5. Wiesel TN, Hubel DH. Effects of Visual Deprivation on Morphology and Physiology of Cells in the Cats Lateral Geniculate Body. J Neurophysiol. 1963;26:978-993.
  • 6. Wiesel TN, Hubel DH. Single-cell Responces in Striate Cortex of Kittens Deprived of Vision in One Eye. J Neurophysiol. 1963;26:1003-1017.
  • 7. Barnes GR, Hess RF, Dumoulin SO, Achtman RL, Pike GB. The cortical deficit in humans with strabismic amblyopia. J Physiol. 2001;533(Pt 1):281-297.
  • 8. Mendola JD, Conner IP, Roy A, et al. Voxel-based analysis of MRI detects abnormal visual cortex in children and adults with amblyopia. Hum Brain Mapp. 2005;25(2):222-236.
  • 9. Hess RF, Thompson B, Gole G, Mullen KT. Deficient responses from the lateral geniculate nucleus in humans with amblyopia. Eur J Neurosci. 2009;29(5):1064-1070.
  • 10. Lempert P. Retinal area and optic disc rim area in amblyopic, fellow, and normal hyperopic eyes: a hypothesis for decreased acuity in amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(12):2259-2261.
  • 11. Chen W, Lou J, Thorn F, et al. Retinal Microvasculature in Amblyopic Children and the Quantitative Relationship Between Retinal Perfusion and Thickness. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(4):1185-1191.
  • 12. Pineles SL, Demer JL. Bilateral abnormalities of optic nerve size and eye shape in unilateral amblyopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148(4):551-557.e2.
  • 13. Prokosch-Willing V, Meyer zu Hoerste M, Mertsch S, Stupp T, Thanos S. Postnatal visual deprivation in rats regulates several retinal genes and proteins, including differentiation-associated fibroblast growth factor-2. Dev Neurosci. 2015;37(1):14-28.
  • 14. Alotaibi AG, Al Enazi B. Unilateral amblyopia: Optical coherence tomography findings. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2011;25(4):405-409.
  • 15. Rajavi Z, Sabbaghi H, Behradfar N, Yaseri M, Aghazadeh Amiri M, Faghihi M. Macular Thickness in Moderate to Severe Amblyopia. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2018;32(4):312-318.
  • 16. Kasem MA, Badawi AE. Changes in macular parameters in different types of amblyopia: optical coherence tomography study. Clin Ophthalmol. 2017;11:1407-1416.
  • 17. Lekskul A, Wuthisiri W, Padungkiatsagul T. Evaluation of retinal structure in unilateral amblyopia using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. J AAPOS. 2018;22(5):386-389.
  • 18. Kantarci FA, Tatar MG, Uslu H, et al. Choroidal and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in adults with anisometropic amblyopia [published correction appears in Eur J Ophthalmol. 2016 Dec 29;27(1):113]. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2015;25(5):437-442.
  • 19. Firat PG, Ozsoy E, Demirel S, Cumurcu T, Gunduz A. Evaluation of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, macula and ganglion cell thickness in amblyopia using spectral optical coherence tomography. Int J Ophthalmol. 2013;6(1):90-94.
  • 20. Bruce A, Pacey IE, Bradbury JA, Scally AJ, Barrett BT. Bilateral changes in foveal structure in individuals with amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(2):395-403.
  • 21. Tekin K, Kızıltoprak H, İnanç M, Şekeroglu MA. Evaluation of Retinal Layers in Hyperopic Anisometropic Amblyopia by Optical Coherence Tomography Segmentation Analysis. Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol.
  • 22. Sefi-Yurdakul N, Cosar A, Koc F. Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness in Patients with Strabismic and Anisohypermetropic Amblyopia. Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol 2014;23(4):201-6
  • 23. Andalib D, Javadzadeh A, Nabai R, Amizadeh Y. Macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in unilateral anisometropic or strabismic amblyopia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2013;50(4):218-221.
  • 24. Dickmann A, Petroni S, Salerni A, Dell'Omo R, Balestrazzi E. Unilateral amblyopia: An optical coherence tomography study. J AAPOS. 2009;13(2):148-150.
  • 25. Agrawal S, Singh V, Singhal V. Cross-sectional study of macular thickness variations in unilateral amblyopia. J Clin Ophthalmol Res 2014;2:15-7.
  • 26. Sahin G, Dal D. Analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in anisometropic amblyopia via optic coherence tomography. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019;257(10):2103-2110.
  • 27. Yen MY, Cheng CY, Wang AG. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in unilateral amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(7):2224-2230.
  • 28. Yoon SW, Park WH, Baek SH, Kong SM. Thicknesses of macular retinal layer and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2005;19(1):62-67.
  • 29. Salchow DJ, Oleynikov YS, Chiang MF, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal children measured with optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(5):786-791.
  • 30. Budenz DL, Anderson DR, Varma R, et al. Determinants of normal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by Stratus OCT [published correction appears in Ophthalmology. 2008 Mar;115(3):472]. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(6):1046-1052.
  • 31. Oner V, Aykut V, Tas M, Alakus MF, Iscan Y. Effect of refractive status on peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness: a study by RTVue spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(1):75-79.
  • 32. Öner V, Özgür G, Türkyilmaz K, Şekeryapan B, Durmus M. Effect of axial length on retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2014;24(2):265-272.
  • 33. Aykut V, Öner V, Taş M, Işcan Y, Ağaçhan A. Influence of axial length on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children: a study by RTVue spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Curr Eye Res. 2013;38(12):1241-1247.
  • 34. Savini G, Barboni P, Parisi V, Carbonelli M. The influence of axial length on retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and optic-disc size measurements by spectral-domain OCT. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(1):57-61.
  • 35. Kusbeci T, Karti O, Karahan E, Oguztoreli M. The Evaluation of Anatomic and Functional Changes in Unilateral Moderate Amblyopic Eyes Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Pupil Cycle Time. Curr Eye Res. 2017;42(12):1725-1732.
  • 36. Kok PH, de Kinkelder R, Braaksma-Besselink YC, et al. Anomalous relation between axial length and retinal thickness in amblyopic children. J AAPOS. 2013;17(6):598-602.
  • 37. Yassin SA, Al-Tamimi ER, Al-Hassan S. Macular and retinal nerve fiber thickness in recovered and persistent amblyopia. Int Ophthalmol. 2015;35(6):833-842.
  • 38. Miki A, Shirakashi M, Yaoeda K, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in recovered and persistent amblyopia. Clin Ophthalmol. 2010;4:1061-1064. Published 2010 Sep 20.
  • 39. Huynh SC, Samarawickrama C, Wang XY, et al. Macular and nerve fiber layer thickness in amblyopia: the Sydney Childhood Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2009;116(9):1604-1609. 40. Pang Y, Frantz KA, Block S, Goodfellow GW, Allison C. Effect of Amblyopia Treatment on Macular Thickness in Eyes With Myopic Anisometropic Amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(4):2677-2683.
  • 41. Kavitha V, Heralgi MM, Harishkumar PD, Harogoppa S, Shivaswamy HM, Geetha H. Analysis of macular, foveal, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia and their changes following occlusion therapy. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019;67(7):1016-1022.
  • 42. Tugcu B, Araz-Ersan B, Erdogan ET, et al. Structural and functional comparison of the persistent and resolved amblyopia. Doc Ophthalmol. 2014;128(2):101-109.
  • 43. Yoon DH, Chun BY. Comparison of the Thickness and Volume of the Macula and Fovea in Patients with Anisometropic Amblyopia Prior to and after Occlusion Therapy. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2018;32(1):52-58.
  • 44. Chen W, Chen J, Huang J, Xu J, Zhang F, Lu F. Comparison of macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in untreated and treated binocular amblyopia. Curr Eye Res. 2013;38(12):1248-1254.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Araştırma Yazıları
Yazarlar

Damla Culha 0000-0002-0678-135X

Mustafa Arıcı 0000-0002-6350-9723

Proje Numarası T-621
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2021
Kabul Tarihi 30 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

AMA Culha D, Arıcı M. Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular thickness in amblyopic children. CMJ. Eylül 2021;43(3):232-240. doi:10.7197/cmj.821209