BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Effect of beta-glucan in preventing bacterial translocation in a model of experimental obstructive jaundice

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4, 454 - 461, 27.09.2012

Öz

Abstract

Aim. Sepsis is the major cause of post-operative morbidity and mortality in obstructive jaundice as a result of bacterial translocation from the gut. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of beta-glucan in preventing bacterial translocation in an animal model where obstructive jaundice was developed by common bile duct ligation. Methods. Forty-five Wistar-albino rats were divided into three groups of fifteen animal each. Only laparotomy was administered to the first group. Bile duct ligation was administered to the second group. Bile duct ligation and oral beta-glucan for ten days were administered to the third group. The animals were sacrified at the end of the tenth day. Blood, liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured. The samples taken from terminal ileum and liver were examined histopathologically. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and C-reactive protein (CRP) analyses were done on the blood samples taken from the rats. Results. In the first group bacterial translocation was observed in one animal whereas bacterial translocation was observed in twelve animals in II’nd group. In third group bacterial translocation was determined in six animals that received beta-glucan. The differences between these three groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). According to biochemical data only the decrease of ALP and total bilirubin values between group two and three were statistically significant (p<0.05). After the histopathological examination of liver and terminal ileum, no significant difference between group two and three was observed (p>0.05). Conclusion. The result of this study showed that beta-glucan, as a natural immune system activator, has an effect in preventing bacterial translocation in obstructive jaundice.

Keywords: Obstructive jaundice, bacterial translocation, beta-glucan

Özet

Amaç. Sepsis, barsaktan kaynaklanan bakteriyel translokasyonun bir sonucu olarak tıkanma sarılığında post-operatif morbidite ve mortalitenin en önemli sebebidir. Bu çalışma, ortak safra kanalı ligasyonu yoluyla tıkanma sarılığı geliştirilen bir hayvan modelinde bakteriyel translokasyonun önlenmesinde beta-glukanın etkisi araştırmak için yapılmıştir. Yöntem. Kırk beş adet Wister albino rat, her birinde onbeş hayvanın bulunduğu üç gruba ayrıldı. I.gruba sadece laparatomi yapıldı. II. gruba safra kanalı ligasyonu yapıldı. III. gruba ise safra kanalı ligasyonu ve on gün beta-glukan oral verildi. Onuncu günün sonunda hayvanlar sakrifiye edildi. Kan, karaciğer, dalak ve mezenter lenf nodu kültürleri ekildi. Terminal ileum ve karaciğerden alınan örnekler histopatolojik olarak incelendi. Ratlardan alınan kan örneklerinden aspartate aminotransferaz (AST), alanine aminotransferaz (ALT), alkalin fosfatase (ALP), laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH), total bilirubin, direk Bilirubin ve C-reaktif protein (CRP) çalışıldı. Bulgular. Birincigrupta 1 hayvanda bakteriyel translokasyon gözlenirken, II. grupta bakteriyel translokasyon oniki hayvanda gözlendi. III. grupta beta-glukan verilen hayvanların altı tanesinde bakteriyel translokasyon tespit edildi. Bu üç grup arasındaki fark istatistiki açıdan anlamlıydı (p<0,05). Biyokimyasal değerler açısından grup II ile III arasında sadece ALP ve total bilirubin değerlerindeki azalma istatistiki olarak anlamlıydı (p<0,05). Terminal ileum ve karaciğerin histopatolojik incelenmesi sonucu II ve III. gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmedi (p>0.05). Sonuç. Elde edilen sonuçlar göstermiştir ki, tıkanma sarılığında gelişen bakteriyel translokasyonu önlemede doğal bir immun sistem aktivatörü olan beta glukanın etkinliği vardır.

Anahtar sözcükler: Tıkanma sarılığı, beta-glukan, bakteriyal translokasyonu

Kaynakça

  • Ding JW, Andersson R, Soltesz V, Willén R, Bengmark S. Obstructive jaundice impairs reticuloendothelial function and promotes bacterial translocation in the rat. J Surg Res 1994; 57: 238-45.
  • Türkçapar N, Bayar S, Koyuncu A, Ceyhan K. Octreotide inhibits hepatic fibrosis, bile duct proliferation and bacterial translocation in obstructive jaundice. Hepatogastroenterology 2003; 50: 680-3.
  • Carrow DJ. Beta-1,3-glucan as a Primary Immune Activator, Townsend Letter; June 1996.
  • Sileri P, Morini S, Sica GS, Schena S, Rastellini C, Gaspari AL, Benedetti E, Cicalese L. Bacterial translocation and intestinal morphological findings in jaundiced rats. Dig Dis Sci 2002; 47: 929-34.
  • Macintire DK, Bellhorn TL. Bacterial translocation: clinical implications and prevention. Clin Small Anim 2002; 32: 1165-78.
  • Berg RD. Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 473: 11-30.
  • Vetvicka V. β-Glucans as immunomodulators. JANA 2001; 3: 31-4.
  • Parks RW, Stuart Cameron CH, Gannon CD, Pope C, Diamond T, Rowlands BJ. Changes in gastrointestinal morphology associated with Obstructive jaundice. J Pathol 2000; 192: 526-32.
  • Erbil Y, Berber E, Ozarmagan S, Seven R, Eminoglu L, Calis A, Olgaç V, Gürler N. The effects of sodium deoxycholate, lactulose and glutamine on bacterial translocation in common bile duct ligated rats. Hepatogastroenterology 1999; 46: 2791-5.
  • Scopa CD, Koureleas S, Tsamandas AC, Spiliopoulou I, Alexandrides T, Filos KS, Vagianos CE. Beneficial effects of growth hormone and insulin like growth factor I on intestinal bacterial translocation, endotoxemia, and apoptosis in experimentally jaundiced rats. J Am Coll Surg 2000; 190: 423-31.
  • Scott-Conner CE, Grogan JB. The pathophysiology of biliary obstruction and ıts effect on phagocytic and immune function. J Surg Res 1994; 57: 316-36.
  • Yasuda H, Noguchi N, Miki M, Morinobu W, Hirano K, Ogihara T, Tanabe T, Mino M, Terao K, Niki E. Hepatic damage induced by perfusion of radical generating azo compound and its inhibition by vitamin E. Chem Biol Interact 1995; 97: 11-23.
  • Muriel P, Suarez OR. Role of lipid peroxidation in biliary obstruction in the rat. J Appl Toxicol 1994; 14: 423-6.
  • Elçin AE, Güven T, Durmuş O, Yel M. Ultra structural changes in the rabbit liver cell after bile duct ligation. T Klin J Med Res 1998; 16:106-11.
  • Lee RG Cholestasis and biliary obstruction: In diagnostic Liver Pathology; 1 Edition. Mosby-year Book Inc, St Louis-Missouri, 1994; pp: 81-107.
  • Barwick KW, Rosai J. Liver: In rosai J (ed), Ackerman’s Surgical Pathology; 8th Edition, Volume 1. Mosby-year Book Inc, St Louis-Missouri, 2004: 857-942.
  • Snover DC. Nonneoplastic liver disease. Sternberg SS (ed), Diagnostic surgical Pathology second Edition, Volume 2. Raven pres Ltd. Newyork, 1994: 1459-516.
  • Emancipator SN, Gallo GR, Razaboni R, Lamm ME. Experimental cholestasis promotes the deposition of glomerular IgA immune complexes. Am J Pathol 1983; 113: 19-26.
  • Aldemir M, Geyik MF, Kökoğlu OF, Büyükbayram H, Hoşoğlu S, Yağmur Y. Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid, glutamine and polyclonal immunoglobulins on bacterial translocation in common bile duct ligated rats. ANZ J Surg 2003; 73: 722-6.

Original research-Orijinal araştırma

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4, 454 - 461, 27.09.2012

Öz

Amaç. Sepsis, barsaktan kaynaklanan bakteriyel translokasyonun bir sonucu olarak tıkanma sarılığında post-operatif morbidite ve mortalitenin en önemli sebebidir. Bu çalışma, ortak safra kanalı ligasyonu yoluyla tıkanma sarılığı geliştirilen bir hayvan modelinde bakteriyel translokasyonun önlenmesinde beta-glukanın etkisi araştırmak için yapılmıştir. Yöntem. Kırk beş adet Wister albino rat, her birinde onbeş hayvanın bulunduğu üç gruba ayrıldı. I.gruba sadece laparatomi yapıldı. II. gruba safra kanalı ligasyonu yapıldı. III. gruba ise safra kanalı ligasyonu ve on gün beta-glukan oral verildi. Onuncu günün sonunda hayvanlar sakrifiye edildi. Kan, karaciğer, dalak ve mezenter lenf nodu kültürleri ekildi. Terminal ileum ve karaciğerden alınan örnekler histopatolojik olarak incelendi. Ratlardan alınan kan örneklerinden aspartate aminotransferaz (AST), alanine aminotransferaz (ALT), alkalin fosfatase (ALP), laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH), total bilirubin, direk Bilirubin ve C-reaktif protein (CRP) çalışıldı. Bulgular. Birincigrupta 1 hayvanda bakteriyel translokasyon gözlenirken, II. grupta bakteriyel translokasyon oniki hayvanda gözlendi. III. grupta beta-glukan verilen hayvanların altı tanesinde bakteriyel translokasyon tespit edildi. Bu üç grup arasındaki fark istatistiki açıdan anlamlıydı (p

Kaynakça

  • Ding JW, Andersson R, Soltesz V, Willén R, Bengmark S. Obstructive jaundice impairs reticuloendothelial function and promotes bacterial translocation in the rat. J Surg Res 1994; 57: 238-45.
  • Türkçapar N, Bayar S, Koyuncu A, Ceyhan K. Octreotide inhibits hepatic fibrosis, bile duct proliferation and bacterial translocation in obstructive jaundice. Hepatogastroenterology 2003; 50: 680-3.
  • Carrow DJ. Beta-1,3-glucan as a Primary Immune Activator, Townsend Letter; June 1996.
  • Sileri P, Morini S, Sica GS, Schena S, Rastellini C, Gaspari AL, Benedetti E, Cicalese L. Bacterial translocation and intestinal morphological findings in jaundiced rats. Dig Dis Sci 2002; 47: 929-34.
  • Macintire DK, Bellhorn TL. Bacterial translocation: clinical implications and prevention. Clin Small Anim 2002; 32: 1165-78.
  • Berg RD. Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 473: 11-30.
  • Vetvicka V. β-Glucans as immunomodulators. JANA 2001; 3: 31-4.
  • Parks RW, Stuart Cameron CH, Gannon CD, Pope C, Diamond T, Rowlands BJ. Changes in gastrointestinal morphology associated with Obstructive jaundice. J Pathol 2000; 192: 526-32.
  • Erbil Y, Berber E, Ozarmagan S, Seven R, Eminoglu L, Calis A, Olgaç V, Gürler N. The effects of sodium deoxycholate, lactulose and glutamine on bacterial translocation in common bile duct ligated rats. Hepatogastroenterology 1999; 46: 2791-5.
  • Scopa CD, Koureleas S, Tsamandas AC, Spiliopoulou I, Alexandrides T, Filos KS, Vagianos CE. Beneficial effects of growth hormone and insulin like growth factor I on intestinal bacterial translocation, endotoxemia, and apoptosis in experimentally jaundiced rats. J Am Coll Surg 2000; 190: 423-31.
  • Scott-Conner CE, Grogan JB. The pathophysiology of biliary obstruction and ıts effect on phagocytic and immune function. J Surg Res 1994; 57: 316-36.
  • Yasuda H, Noguchi N, Miki M, Morinobu W, Hirano K, Ogihara T, Tanabe T, Mino M, Terao K, Niki E. Hepatic damage induced by perfusion of radical generating azo compound and its inhibition by vitamin E. Chem Biol Interact 1995; 97: 11-23.
  • Muriel P, Suarez OR. Role of lipid peroxidation in biliary obstruction in the rat. J Appl Toxicol 1994; 14: 423-6.
  • Elçin AE, Güven T, Durmuş O, Yel M. Ultra structural changes in the rabbit liver cell after bile duct ligation. T Klin J Med Res 1998; 16:106-11.
  • Lee RG Cholestasis and biliary obstruction: In diagnostic Liver Pathology; 1 Edition. Mosby-year Book Inc, St Louis-Missouri, 1994; pp: 81-107.
  • Barwick KW, Rosai J. Liver: In rosai J (ed), Ackerman’s Surgical Pathology; 8th Edition, Volume 1. Mosby-year Book Inc, St Louis-Missouri, 2004: 857-942.
  • Snover DC. Nonneoplastic liver disease. Sternberg SS (ed), Diagnostic surgical Pathology second Edition, Volume 2. Raven pres Ltd. Newyork, 1994: 1459-516.
  • Emancipator SN, Gallo GR, Razaboni R, Lamm ME. Experimental cholestasis promotes the deposition of glomerular IgA immune complexes. Am J Pathol 1983; 113: 19-26.
  • Aldemir M, Geyik MF, Kökoğlu OF, Büyükbayram H, Hoşoğlu S, Yağmur Y. Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid, glutamine and polyclonal immunoglobulins on bacterial translocation in common bile duct ligated rats. ANZ J Surg 2003; 73: 722-6.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Cerrahi Tıp Bilimleri Araştırma Yazıları
Yazarlar

Fatin Polat

Hasan Dinelek

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Eylül 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

AMA Polat F, Dinelek H. Effect of beta-glucan in preventing bacterial translocation in a model of experimental obstructive jaundice. CMJ. Aralık 2012;34(4):454-461.