Araştırma Makalesi
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Health care services in Istanbul for “Syrians of concern”

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 3, 576 - 591, 30.09.2019

Verda Tunaligil İsmail Erkam Tüzgen Hatice Özdemir Selami Albayrak

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.vi.610401

Öz

Turkey has historically been a country of
origin, transit and destination for migrants. Following the first entry to
Turkey in 2011, the Syrian "influx" arrived in unexpected masses and
individually.  In June of 2019, Turkey
continues to host 3,613,644 registered Syrians under temporary protection, of
which 546,296 reside in Istanbul. Turkey is the country with the world’s
largest population and Istanbul is the city with the highest numbers of
Syrians. During a time of unprecedented international migration and unparalleled
human suffering, health care administrators of Istanbul as torchbearers,
present experiences which will help lead the future of international migration.
In this manuscript-effort they present lessons-learned for the world to benefit
from. The transformation from “emigration” to “immigration” may transform the
host country's demographic structure, from the standpoint that “emigration” defines
departing from one’s natural home; whereas, “immigration” implies permanent residence. Authors draw attention to policy considerations for
integration. The major concern that “universal responsibility should spread
more evenly across countries in times of global humanitarian need” is
emphasized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

International migration public health international health care management humanitarian assistance emergency and disaster medical services

Kaynakça

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Yıl 2019, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 3, 576 - 591, 30.09.2019

Verda Tunaligil İsmail Erkam Tüzgen Hatice Özdemir Selami Albayrak

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.vi.610401

Öz


Kaynakça

  • AFAD. Syrian Guests in Turkey. Ankara, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from https://www.afad.gov.tr/upload/Node/3494/xfiles/syrian-guests.pdf
  • UNHCR Turkey. Syrian Refugees in Turkey, January 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2017, from http://www.unhcr.org/turkey/home.php?lang=en&content=525
  • TR MoI DGMM Migration Statistics, TP [Online data]. June 13, 2019. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from https://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik6/temporary-protection_915_1024_4748_icerik
  • Disaster response plan of Turkey (Turkiye afet mudahale plani, TAMP), Decision of TR CoMin. Official Gazette. January 3, 2014; #28871.
  • TPR (Geçici Koruma Yönetmeliği). Official Gazette. October 13, 2014 #2014/6883.
  • Ay, E. S., ESQ. Suriyeli mültecilerin saglık hizmetlerine erisimi (Syrian refugees’ access to health services). TR MoH HDI symposium presentation by UNHCR Turkey/Istanbul at the on health rights of asylum-seekers. Istanbul. December 10, 2015.
  • TR MoI DGMM. Temporary protection foreign identification number. February 26, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik6/TEMPORARY%20PROTECTION%20FOREIGN%20IDENTIFICATION%20NUMBER_914_1015_8903_icerik
  • Albayrak, S. Gecici koruma altındaki Suriyeli sıgınmacılara saglanan saglık hizmetleri 2015 (2015 HS for Syrian asylum-seekers under TP). Presentation by TR MoH Health Director of Istanbul at AFAD coordination meeting held by the Governor of Istanbul. February 4, 2016.
  • TR MoH HDI. Amerikan Hastalık Kontrol ve Onleme Merkezleri'nden ziyaret (Visit from the American Centers for Injury Prevention and Control). March 7, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/w/anasayfalinkler/Amerikan_Hastalik_Kontrol_ve_Onleme_Merkezlerinden_Ziyaret.asp
  • Karaaslan, Y. S. Suriyeli siginmacılara 20 milyon poliklinik hizmeti (Twenty million outpatient services for Syrian asylum-seekers). Anadolu Agency, Ankara. November 8, 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2017, from http://aa.com.tr/tr/saglik/suriyeli-siginmacilara-20-milyon-poliklinik-hizmeti/680872?amp=1
  • NMRT Association of Turkey, Voice of NMRT (UMKE’nin Sesi). November 10, 2016. Retrieved March 2, 1017 from http://www.umke.org/saglik-bakanligi/saglik-bakanligi-suriyelilere-saglanan-saglik-hizmetlerini-acikladi-h8754.html
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI). Main statistics, population and demography. Retrieved March 30, 2017 from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist
  • Akdag, R. Budget presentation for fiscal year 2017 at the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Parliament's Planning and Budget commission, Ankara, Turkey. November 14, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2017 from http://www.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/1337,sb-2017-yili-butce-sunumu-plan-butcepdf-1pdf.pdf?0
  • Turkish Grand National Assembly. 22nd Consolidation. [Minutes Bulletin]. November 17, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanak/donem26/yil2/ham/b02201h.htm
  • Sarioglu, B. Birth rate of Syrians in Turkey surpasses that of Turkish citizens. Hurriyet Daily News. November 15, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/birth-rate-of-syrians-in-turkey-surpasses-that-of-turkish-citizens.aspx?PageID=238&NID=106149&NewsCatID=341
  • Nacar, O. A. Suriyeli siginnmacilara sunulan saglik hizmetleri (HCS for Syrian refugees). SD Platform, Saglık Düsüncesi ve Tıp Kültürü Dergisi (SD Platform, Journal of Health Thinking and Medical Culture), 2015; 34: 78-81.
  • Ozgenc, M. Turkey to build migrant health centers with Syrian staff. Hurriyet Daily News. April 29, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-to-build-migrant-health-centers-with-syrian-staff.aspx?pageID=238&nID=98533&NewsCatID=373
  • Akdag, R. 2016 Annual evaluation meeting with members of the media. Speech presented at press conference. Ankara. January 11, 2017.
  • AP. Istanbul has more Syrian refugees than all of Europe says David Miliband. The Guardian, World News. October 27, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/27/istanbul-has-more-syrian-refugees-than-all-of-europe-says-david-miliband
  • Cetingulec, M. Syria's New Capital: Istanbul (T. Goksel, Trans.). Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East. September 14, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/09/turkey-syria-refugees-new-capital-istanbul.html
  • TR MoH Public HDI. [Online data]. Gocmen Sagligi Merkezleri (MHCs). Retrieved February 27, 2017, from http://www.istanbulhalksagligi.gov.tr/kurumsal/kuruluslar/gocmen-sagligi-merkezleri.
  • Personal communication with TR MoH Public HDI, Dept. of Community Health Services staff member. (January 13, 2017; 2:23pm). [Telephone correspondence at no. +90 212 409 2063].
  • Tunaligil V, Tuzgen IE, Ozdemir H, Albayrak S. Istanbul’da Suriyeli siginmacılara yonelik saglik hizmetleri (Health services for Syrian asylum-seekers in Istanbul). [Oral presentation]. 10th Family Medicine Congress. Istanbul. June 6, 2016.
  • TR MoH HDI. Ulkemize siginan yabancıların saglik hakları sempozyumu düzenlendi (A symposium was organized on the health rights of asylum-seekers in our country). December 10, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/w/anasayfalinkler/ulkemize_siginan_yabancilarin_saglik_haklari_konulu_sempozyumu_duzenlendi.asp
  • Seefar. Return, Stay, or Migrate? Understanding the Aspirations of Syrian Refugees in Turkey. 2018. Retrieved May 24, 2019, from https://seefar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Syrians-in-Turkey.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • TR MoI DGMM. Suriyelilere “Yabanci Kimlik Numarasi” verilmesine iliskin duyuru (Announcement about issuing “Foreign Identity Numbers” for Syrians). December 22, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik6/suriyelilere-%E2%80%9Cyabanci-kimlik-numarasi%E2%80%9D-verilmesine-iliskin-duyuru_350_360_8912_icerik
  • Albayrak, S (Foreword & Ed.) [Govern. publ.]. Istanbul’da saglik 2015 (Health in Istanbul 2015). TR MoH HDI. 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2016, from http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/
  • Chudacoff, D. Syrians build health care network in Turkey. Al Jazeera. September 1, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/08/syrians-build-health-care-network-turkey-2014822114122103742.html
  • Dal, E. P.. Chapter 5: Assessing Turkey’s normative power in the Middle East and North Africa Region: new dynamics and their limitations. In Kubicek, P., Dal, E. P., & Oğuzlu, H. T. (Eds.). Turkey’s rise as an emerging power. (p. 108). Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Routledge. 2015.
  • Goksel, N. (Project Director). Integrating Syrian Refugees in Turkey. [Video file].The International Crisis Group. November 30, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2017, from https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/western-europemediterranean/turkey/integrating-syrian-refugees-turkey
  • Icduygu, A. Syrian refugees in Turkey: the long road ahead. [Report]. Washington D.C., U.S.A. April 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2017 Tuesday from http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/syrian-refugees-turkey-long-road-ahead
  • Icduygu, A., & Simsek, D. Syrian refugees in Turkey: towards integration policies. Turkish Policy Quarterly, Fall 2016; 15(3):59-69. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://turkishpolicy.com/files/articlepdf/syrian-refugees-in-turkey-towards-integration-policies_en_2781.pdf
  • Icduygu, A., & Millet, E. Syrian refugees in Turkey: Insecure lives in an environment of pseudo-integration (Working paper No. 13). Migration Research Center at Koc University. Istanbul. August 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from https://mirekoc.ku.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2017/01/Syrian-Refugees-in-Turkey.pdf
  • IOM Turkey. Migration in Turkey. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.turkey.iom.int/ustmenu.asp?id=12&euid=2&sid=12
  • Karacali, F. Suriyelilere hizmet veren merdiven alti tip merkezlerine baskin (Cracking down underground medical centers serving Syrians). Dogan News Agency, Adana, Turkey. June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/suriyelilere-hizmet-veren-merdiven-alti-tip-merkezlerine-baskin-37296989
  • Karaaslan, Y. S. Siginmacilara 5 yilda 15 milyon poliklinik hizmeti verildi (Fifteen million outpatient visits were provided to asylum-seekers in five years). Anadolu Agency, Ankara, Turkey. March 29, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016, from http://aa.com.tr/tr/saglik/siginmacilara-5-yilda-15-milyon-poliklinik-hizmeti-verildi/545537?amp=1
  • Kasaptan bozma tip merkezine baskin (Butcher shop transformed to medical center). Sabah. June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.sabah.com.tr/fotohaber/yasam/kasaptan-bozma-tip-merkezine-baskin
  • Syrian refugees outnumber total population of 15 Turkish cities. [Newspaper article]. Daily Sabah. February 21 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2016/02/21/syrian-refugees-outnumber-total-population-of-15-turkish-cities
  • Kizilay, H., Gen. Sec., PhD, Pharm. Official letter regarding health expenditure processing of foreigners’ under temporary protection through the MEDULA system. TPA. October 14 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.teb.org.tr/news/6985/Ge%C3%A7ici-Koruma-Alt%C4%B1ndaki-Yabanc%C4%B1lar%C4%B1n-Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k-Giderlerinin-MEDULA-Sistemi-%C3%9Czerinden-Kar%C5%9F%C4%B1lanmas%C4%B1-Hakk%C4%B1nda
  • Medical Arabics. Language Academy and Scientific Research Society. Retrieved June 3, 2015, from http://saglikarapcasi.com/ and http://akademidernegi.org.tr/
  • Mersin'de Suriyeli operasyonu! Yuzlerce ilac ele gecirildi (Hundreds of medicines seized in Mersin, Syrian operation!). April 22, 2017. Milliyet. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.milliyet.com.tr/son-dakika-mersin-de-suriyelilere--gundem-2437008/
  • Sahlool, Z., Sankri-Tarbichi, A., & Kherallah, M. Evaluation report of health care services at the Syrian refugee camps in Turkey. Avicenna Journal of Medicine, 2012: 2(2), 25-28. doi:10.4103/2231-0770.99148.
  • UNHCR Syrian Refugees in Turkey FAQ. January 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.unhcr.org/turkey/uploads/root/eng(69).pdf
  • Tunaligil V. Integrating international health services: a progressive approach. [Oral presentation]. 7th International Health Tourism Congress. İstanbul. November 20, 2015.
  • Weise, Z. Underground care: Syrian doctors quietly fill treatment void in Turkey. Newsweek. June 19, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.newsweek.com/2016/07/01/syrian-hospitals-turkey-refugees-471744.html
  • TMA. Hekimler barisin sesidir! (Physicians are the voice of peace!). [News article]. March 1, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.ttb.org.tr/index.php/Haberler/smp-5962.html
  • TR MoH Directorate General of EU and Foreign Affairs. United Nations World Humanitarian Summit. Health Journal of Foreign Affairs and EU, 39. 6. June 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.disab.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/2270,39--disabgm-bulten-haziran-2016-enpdf.pdf?0
  • TR MoH Public HDI, Dept. of Vaccination Programs. [E-mail from istanbulasi@gmail.com]. May 31, 2016.
  • TR MoH HDI, Dept. Chief of Health Promotion. [E-mail to author V. Tunaligil.]. May 23, 2016.
  • TR MoH Public HDI. Cocuk felci destek asilama calismalari ile ilgili Aile Hekimlerine bilgi notu (Notification to Family Physicians regarding polio vaccine support). October 10, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2016, from http://www.istanbulhalksagligi.gov.tr/duyuru/cocuk-felci-destek-asilama-calismalari-ile-ilgili-aile-hekimlerine-bilgi-notu/627
  • TPA. We are calling out to AFAD! (AFAD’a sesleniyoruz!) [Press release]. March 22, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.teb.org.tr/news/7111/BASIN-A%C3%87IKLAMASI-AFAD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BDA-SESLEN%C4%B0YORUZ
  • TPA. SSI protocol signed (SGK protokolu imzalandı) [News]. April 1, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.teb.org.tr/news/7128/SGK-PROTOKOL%C3%9C-%C4%B0MZALANDI.
  • TR MoH. Gocmen Saglık Hizmetleri Koordinasyon Birimi (MHS Coordination Unit). Retrieved March 3, 2016, from http://www.saglik.gov.tr/SBSGM/belge/1-44945/gocmen-saglik-hizmetleri-koordinasyon-birimi.html
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  • TR MoH Directorate General of Health Services, Dept. of Health Tourism Uluslararasi Hasta Destek Birimi Tercumanlik ve Cagri Merkezimiz hizmete girdi (Services began at our International Patient Support Unit Interpreter and Call Centers). April 5, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.saglikturizmi.gov.tr/TR,19893/uluslararasi-hasta-destek-birimi-tercumanlik-ve-cagri-merkezimiz-hizmete-girdi.html
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  • Temel saglik Arapcasi egitimi alanlara sertifikaları torenle verildi (Certificates of health Arabic training were presented at ceremony). TR MoH HDI. February 15, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/w/anasayfalinkler/temel_saglik_arapcasi_egitimi_alanlara_sertifikalari_torenle_verildi.asp
  • TR MoH HDI 112 Public Ambulance Services [Official correspondence]. May 20, 2016; #54475434-042-E.558. Istanbul.
  • TR MoH HDI. Istanbul Il Saglik Muduru Doc. Dr. Kemal Memisoglu medya temsilcileriyle biraraya geldi (Assoc. Prof. Kemal Memisoglu, Health Director of Istanbul, came together with media representatives). [Press release]. October 26, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/w/anasayfalinkler/istanbul_il_saglik_muduru_doc_dr_kemal_memisoglu_medya_temsilcileri_ile_bir_araya_geldi.asp
  • TR MoH HDI. Replies from the Depts. of Public & Private Inpatient Health Services and from six regions to inquiry by the Dept. of M&E (May 17, 2016; #242 & #251) [Official correspondence]. Istanbul.
  • TR MoH Public HDI, Dept. of Community Health Services [Official correspondence]. May 26, 2016; #44089594/403.01.03-E.1784. Istanbul.
  • Turkey Monthly Update, Health & Nutrition. (December 2016). 3RP Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan 2016-2017 in response to the Syria crisis. Retrieved June 2, 2017, from data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=12785.
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Medical Science Research Makaleler
Yazarlar

Verda Tunaligil 0000-0002-4965-9231

İsmail Erkam Tüzgen 0000-0002-0152-5760

Hatice Özdemir 0000-0002-3068-4760

Selami Albayrak 0000-0002-4245-7506

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2019
Kabul Tarihi 30 Eylül 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019Cilt: 41 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Tunaligil V, Tüzgen İE, Özdemir H, Albayrak S. Health care services in Istanbul for “Syrians of concern”. CMJ. Eylül 2019;41(3):576-591. doi:10.7197/cmj.vi.610401