Öz
Objective: Ficus alba and Ficus carica, both belonging to the Moraceae family, have been utilized in traditional medicine for many years due to their antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. In the present study, the antimicrobial activities of latex samples from Ficus alba and Ficus carica were evaluated against various microorganisms, including the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 70063), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 17978). Additionally, the study assessed the activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), as well as the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans (ATCC 10231).
Methods: Both of the latex samples were collected from the south-western region of Türkiye. The microbial inoculums were adjusted according to the McFarland 0.5 standard and antimicrobial activity was assessed according to the standard disc diffusion method of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST).
Results: Both types of latex samples of Ficus sp. exhibited strong antimicrobial activity. The most potent antimicrobial activity was observed against C. albicans (15.3 mm). The strongest antibacterial activity was observed against E. coli (13.3 mm) among the six different bacterial species tested, while the weakest antibacterial effect was observed against A. baumannii (8.3 mm). The antimicrobial activity of F. carica latex was found to be more potent than that of F. alba latex.
Conclusion: The findings support the potential use of this latex as natural antimicrobial agents, particularly in the battle against pathogens that are developing antibiotic resistance. It is recommended that further investigation be conducted into the phytochemical components of these plants and latex, with a view to their potential future use in the pharmaceutical industry.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Etik Beyan
This study does not require approval from an Ethics Committee.
Kaynakça
- 1. Ayar A, Karacaoğlan Ç. İncir sütü – fisin – lateks. Uluslararası Anadolu Ziraat Mühendisliği Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;5(1):12-20.
- 2. Lansk EP, Paavilainen HM, Pawlus AD, Newman RA. Ficus spp. (fig): Ethno- botany and potential as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;119(2): 195-213.
- 3. Hegazy MM, Mekky RH, Afifi WM, Mostafa AE, Abbas, HS. Composition and Biological Activities of Ficus carica Latex. In: Ramadan, M.F. (eds) Fig (Ficus carica): Production, Processing, and Properties. Springer, Cham. 2023:597-641.
- 4. Nafis A, Kasrati A, Jamali CA, vd. antioxidative effect and first evidence of synergistic antimicrobial effects of Ficus carica (L.) leaf essential oil with conventional antibiotics. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2019;22(5):1289-1298.
- 5. Badgujar SB, Patel VV, Bandivdekar AH, Mahajan RT. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Ficus carica: A review. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2014;52(11):1487-1503.
- 6. Aref HL, Salah KB, Chaumont JP, Fekih A, Aouni M. In vitro antimicrobial activity of four Ficus carica latex fractions against resistant human pathogens. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2010;23(1):53-58.
- 7. Ünlü Ö, Ateş Alkan F, Pastacı Özsobacı N, Özyüksel S, et al. Trabzon ili'nden elde edilen incir ağacı lateks örneklerinin invaziv kandidiyazis etkenlerine karşı antifungal aktivitesinin ve iz element içeriğinin belirlenmesi. Uluslararası Mühendislik ve Saf Bilimler Dergisi. 2021;33(3):499-504.
- 8. Rashid KI, Mahdi NM, Alwan MA, Khalid L. Antimicrobial activity of fig (Ficus carica Linn.) leaf extract as compared with latex extract against selected bacteria and fungi. Journal of University of Babylon. 2014;22(5):1620-1626.
- 9. Akarca, G., Tomar, O. Siyah (Ficus carica) ve Beyaz (Ficus alba) incirlerden elde edilen incir sütlerinin antibakteriyel ve antifungal etkileri. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2019;17:1069-1074.
- 10. EUCAST. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing - EUCAST. https://www.eucast.org/. 2024.
- 11. EUCAST, European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. EUCAST disk diffusion method. Version 12.0. 2024. https://www.eucast.org/ast_ of_bacteria/disk_diffusion_methodology.
- 12. Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1966;45(4):493–496.
- 13. Şahin AR, Doğruer D, Nazik S, Aktemur A, Öksüz H, Aral M, Ateş S. Hastane kökenli patojenlerde artan antimikrobiyal direnç sorunu: Acinetobacter baumannii. OTSBD. 2019;4(2):156-169.
- 14. Çıragil P. Ülkemizde yoğun bakım ünitelerinde antimikrobiyal direnç sorunu. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg. 2016;46(3):97-104.
- 15. Mohammed H, Alzweiri M. Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Ficus carica latex: a systematic review. Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2022;31(2):81-96.
- 16. Belattar H, Himour S, Yahia A. Pytochemical screening and evaluation antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of Ficus carica. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc. 2022;12(1).
- 17. Elhawary SS, Younis IY, El-Bishbishy MH, Khattab AR. LC–MS/MS-based chemometric analysis of phytochemical diversity in 13 Ficus spp. (Moraceae): Correlation to their in vitro antimicrobial and in silico quorum sensing inhibitory activities. Industrial Crops and Products. 2018;126(2018):261-271.
- 18. Abdou R, Mojally M, Attia GH. Investigation of bioactivities of endophytes of Ficus carica L. Fam Moraceae. Bull Natl Res Cent. 2021;(45)49.
- 19. Al-Yousuf HH. Antibacterial activity of Ficus carica L. extract against six bacterial strains. International Journal of Drug Development & Research. 2012;4(4):259-262.
- 20. Raskovic B, Lazic J, Polovic N. Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. Science of Food and Agriculture. 2015;96(2):576-582.
- 21. Khan A, Hussain T, Abdullah Khan MA, Almostafa MM, Younis NS, Yahya G. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Ficus carica-mediated calcium oxide (caonps) phyto-nanoparticles. Molecules. 2023;28(14):5553.
- 22. Salem MZ, Salem AZM, Camacho LM, Ali HM. Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical composition of extracts of Ficus species: An overview. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 2013;7(33):4207-4219.
- 23. Kıralan M, Kıralan SS. Havran siyah incirinin (Ficus carica) şeker ve uçucu aroma bileşimi. Bahçe. 2023:52(2):89-94.
Öz
Amaç: Moraceae familyasında yer alan Ficus alba ve Ficus carica bitkileri antimikrobiyal, antifungal ve antioksidan özellikleri sayesinde geleneksel tıpta uzun yıllar boyunca kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Ficus alba ve Ficus carica lateks örneklerinin antimikrobiyal aktivitesi Gram-negatif bakterilerden Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 70063), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 17978) ve Gram-pozitif bakterilerden Staphyloccoccus aureus (ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) ve maya mantarlarından Candida albicans (ATCC 10231)’a karşı test edilmiştir.
Yöntem: Lateks örnekleri Türkiye’nin güney-batı bölgesinden toplanmıştır. Mikrobiyal inokulumlar McFarland 0.5 standartına uyarlanarak, antimikrobiyal aktivite European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)’in standart disk difüzyon metoduna göre araştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Her iki türe ait lateks örneği de güçlü antimikrobiyal aktivite göstermiştir. En güçlü antimikrobiyal aktivite C. albicans’a (15.3 mm) karşı gözlemlenmiştir. Altı farklı bakteri türü arasında en güçlü antibakteriyel aktivitenin E. coli’ye (13.3 mm) karşı olduğu, en zayıf antibakteriyel etkinin ise A. baumannii’ye (8.3 mm) karşı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. F. carica lateksinin antimikrobiyal aktivitesinin F. alba’nın lateksine göre daha güçlü olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Sonuçlar, özellikle antibiyotik direnci gelişen patojenlerle mücadelede, bu latekslerin doğal antimikrobiyal ajanlar olarak potansiyel kullanımını desteklemektedir. Gelecekteki farmasötik uygulamalar için bu bitkilerin ve latekslerinin fitokimyasal bileşenlerinin daha detaylı araştırılması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Ayar A, Karacaoğlan Ç. İncir sütü – fisin – lateks. Uluslararası Anadolu Ziraat Mühendisliği Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;5(1):12-20.
- 2. Lansk EP, Paavilainen HM, Pawlus AD, Newman RA. Ficus spp. (fig): Ethno- botany and potential as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;119(2): 195-213.
- 3. Hegazy MM, Mekky RH, Afifi WM, Mostafa AE, Abbas, HS. Composition and Biological Activities of Ficus carica Latex. In: Ramadan, M.F. (eds) Fig (Ficus carica): Production, Processing, and Properties. Springer, Cham. 2023:597-641.
- 4. Nafis A, Kasrati A, Jamali CA, vd. antioxidative effect and first evidence of synergistic antimicrobial effects of Ficus carica (L.) leaf essential oil with conventional antibiotics. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2019;22(5):1289-1298.
- 5. Badgujar SB, Patel VV, Bandivdekar AH, Mahajan RT. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Ficus carica: A review. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2014;52(11):1487-1503.
- 6. Aref HL, Salah KB, Chaumont JP, Fekih A, Aouni M. In vitro antimicrobial activity of four Ficus carica latex fractions against resistant human pathogens. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2010;23(1):53-58.
- 7. Ünlü Ö, Ateş Alkan F, Pastacı Özsobacı N, Özyüksel S, et al. Trabzon ili'nden elde edilen incir ağacı lateks örneklerinin invaziv kandidiyazis etkenlerine karşı antifungal aktivitesinin ve iz element içeriğinin belirlenmesi. Uluslararası Mühendislik ve Saf Bilimler Dergisi. 2021;33(3):499-504.
- 8. Rashid KI, Mahdi NM, Alwan MA, Khalid L. Antimicrobial activity of fig (Ficus carica Linn.) leaf extract as compared with latex extract against selected bacteria and fungi. Journal of University of Babylon. 2014;22(5):1620-1626.
- 9. Akarca, G., Tomar, O. Siyah (Ficus carica) ve Beyaz (Ficus alba) incirlerden elde edilen incir sütlerinin antibakteriyel ve antifungal etkileri. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2019;17:1069-1074.
- 10. EUCAST. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing - EUCAST. https://www.eucast.org/. 2024.
- 11. EUCAST, European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. EUCAST disk diffusion method. Version 12.0. 2024. https://www.eucast.org/ast_ of_bacteria/disk_diffusion_methodology.
- 12. Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1966;45(4):493–496.
- 13. Şahin AR, Doğruer D, Nazik S, Aktemur A, Öksüz H, Aral M, Ateş S. Hastane kökenli patojenlerde artan antimikrobiyal direnç sorunu: Acinetobacter baumannii. OTSBD. 2019;4(2):156-169.
- 14. Çıragil P. Ülkemizde yoğun bakım ünitelerinde antimikrobiyal direnç sorunu. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg. 2016;46(3):97-104.
- 15. Mohammed H, Alzweiri M. Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Ficus carica latex: a systematic review. Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2022;31(2):81-96.
- 16. Belattar H, Himour S, Yahia A. Pytochemical screening and evaluation antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of Ficus carica. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc. 2022;12(1).
- 17. Elhawary SS, Younis IY, El-Bishbishy MH, Khattab AR. LC–MS/MS-based chemometric analysis of phytochemical diversity in 13 Ficus spp. (Moraceae): Correlation to their in vitro antimicrobial and in silico quorum sensing inhibitory activities. Industrial Crops and Products. 2018;126(2018):261-271.
- 18. Abdou R, Mojally M, Attia GH. Investigation of bioactivities of endophytes of Ficus carica L. Fam Moraceae. Bull Natl Res Cent. 2021;(45)49.
- 19. Al-Yousuf HH. Antibacterial activity of Ficus carica L. extract against six bacterial strains. International Journal of Drug Development & Research. 2012;4(4):259-262.
- 20. Raskovic B, Lazic J, Polovic N. Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. Science of Food and Agriculture. 2015;96(2):576-582.
- 21. Khan A, Hussain T, Abdullah Khan MA, Almostafa MM, Younis NS, Yahya G. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Ficus carica-mediated calcium oxide (caonps) phyto-nanoparticles. Molecules. 2023;28(14):5553.
- 22. Salem MZ, Salem AZM, Camacho LM, Ali HM. Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical composition of extracts of Ficus species: An overview. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 2013;7(33):4207-4219.
- 23. Kıralan M, Kıralan SS. Havran siyah incirinin (Ficus carica) şeker ve uçucu aroma bileşimi. Bahçe. 2023:52(2):89-94.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 3 Ekim 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 1 Kasım 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024Cilt: 46 Sayı: 4 |
